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1b:Td74,慶應義塾大学理工学部の3年生です。
受験は物理だけを頼りに戦っていました。

　まず覚えた公式が自分の直感と照らし合わせて納得のいくものかどうかを考えてみてください。もしそうでなければその公式の正体が見えてくるまで考えまくってください。
　具体的には、公式をより簡単な自分の知ってる公式で表せられないかを考えてみてください。さらにこれにはどんなに時間をかけてもいいです。むしろここに物理の勉強時間の多くを割いて物理の世界観に入り込むことが大事です。

　今まで覚えてきた多くの公式が簡単な式の組み合わせであること、形を変えただけであることに気づいたらこっちのものです。だんだんと｢この公式はこれとこれですぐ導けるから覚えなくていいや｣となってきます。さらに、そうやって時間をかけて何回も考えているうちに、自分で公式を導く必要すらなくなります。それは今までは公式という小手先の対処法を与えられていただけだったのが、物理の根本を知ってしまうことでその対処法を当然のように考える力が付くからです。
　例えるならば、医療の現場で、｢この症状の時はこの治療法｣というように全ての症状に対して個別の道具と方法を覚え込んだ人は、いざ患者を前にした時に、｢どの道具でどのようにすればいんだっけ｣というように悩んでしまいます。さらに少しでも違った症状を見た時に対処できません。それに対して長年人の体について研究して熟知している人はどんな症状を見てもその根本の原因が分かるため、当然対処法もその場で考えることができます。
　自分も最初はこんないろんな公式覚えられるわけない、ましてやそれらを状況ごとに使い分けるのは無理だと思ってました。ただこれをやっているうちに最終的には、力学で言うと物体が動いているかそうでないかで、運動方程式を使うか力の釣り合いを使うかの2択を考えるだけでほとんどの問題を解けるようになりました。今までは一本の木にたくさんついている葉っぱからどれを使うか決めていたのが、それをつけている枝を選ぶようになり、最終的には2本の太い幹だけを見れば良くなるようなイメージです。

　自分は問題集を解こうとして解けなくて解説を聞いてよく分からず次の問題にいくという勉強にうんざりして、紙とペンだけでこのようなことばかりしていました。さらにある公式について腑に落ちたなと思ったら、それを使って身の回りの現象を例にして、具体的な重さや長さなどの数値を与えて考えてみたりしてました。

　下手な文章でごめんなさい。とにかく物理を小手先で解くのではなく、物理そのものを自分のものにするつもりで長い時間だらだらと物理について考えてみてください。どこかで新たな発見があって、考え方がガラリと変わることがあると思います。頑張ってください。1e:Tc62,演習の際、用意している教材は問題集のみでしょうか？
もしそうなら、必ず教科書や図録を見ながら取り組みましょう。
教科書や図録を使わずに学習をする人は、丸暗記に陥りがちです。
解説が的を絞ったことしか書いていないからです。

以下詳細な回答です。

＊丸暗記では勝てない
＊暗記の心得3カ条
＊人に教えて理解を深める
＊まとめ

－－－－－－－－－－－－

【丸暗記では勝てない】

京大の化学は丸暗記で挑む人を叩きのめす構造になっています。
基本的な事柄に対しても「なぜか？」を理解して説明できる力が必要です。

大問1…酸化還元や物質の構造に関する問題
大問2…溶液や気体の化学平衡に関する問題
大問3…有機化学に関する問題
大問4…高分子化合物に関する問題

が例年のパターンです。

計算問題や有機化学のパズルは一見論証と関わりなさそうですが、立式導出過程を問題文から理解するということが必要になってくるので、丸暗記が習慣になっている人は苦戦を強いられます。

－－－－－－－－－－－

【暗記の心得3カ条】

駿台化学科の石川正明先生は、
「論理性」
「意味性」
「感動性」
を大切に理解暗記していきましょう、と指導されています。

「論理性」
何故そうなるのかを説明できると、自信をもって理解暗記できます。
(例)
過マンガン酸イオンが、酸性溶液中で酸化剤としてはたらく半反応式
MnO4(-)   8•H( )   5•e(-) → Mn(2 )   4•H2O
これは何故このような式になるのか、自分なりにわかりやすく説明できるようになっている人の方が自信を持って暗記できます。
教科書と化学図録を用いて詳しく調べながら学習を進めると良いです。

「意味性」
それを理解すると何が得られるのかを知ると、理解暗記する意欲が増します。
例)
ステアリン酸×3とグリセリンから成る油脂は分子量890で、これを覚えておけば高分子化合物の分子量絡みの計算が速くなる。

「感動性」
面白い、すごい、ひどい、と心動くことで暗記しやすくなります。
例)
「水兵リーベ僕の船…」に代表されるような語呂合わせ。


－－－－－－－－－－－－
【人に教えて理解を深める】

重要問題集で自分が出来た問題でも、誰かにわかりやすく解説することは出来ますか？
「論理性」「意味性」「感動性」を意識して、人に教えてみてください。
これは僕が実践してきた化学勉強法です。
友達同士で質問し合いっこしましょう。
特に模試の復習でこれをやると効果的です。

－－－－－－－－－－－－

【まとめ】

問題集 教科書 図録で演習。
人と教えあいっこで理解を深める。
京大相手に丸暗記では太刀打ちできない。1f:Tcba,こんにちは！東工大一年のたまちゃんです！
物理に関しては分野がわからないので、助言しにくいのですが、苦手な分野であったり、忘れやすい分野があるのであればそこを繰り返しやりましょう。
でも、基本的に物理は理解していれば忘れにくいです。熱力学を例に挙げると、定圧変化・定積変化・等温変化などはどうなるとかを覚えていなくても理解していれば何とかなります。ドップラー効果の式なども覚えなくても理解していれば導出可能です。覚えていた方が早いので出来れば覚えて欲しいですが…
例えば、f= の式の分母が観測者だったかな、音源だったかな、うろ覚えだなとなったら導出するのが良いと思います。
化学に関しては電気分解の式は自分で作れます。イオン化傾向がわかれば行けるはずです。反応式を書けという問題は出ないはずなので、反応式の細かいところがわからなくても、この金属に対して水素は〜mol発生しそうだなというのがわかれば良いので、電気分解の反応式は覚えなくて良いです。電池の問題は正極と負極(陽極と陰極)が何でてきているかを覚えていないと無理です。出来れば溶液も覚えて欲しいです。電池に関してはヒントがほとんど出ないので、覚えておいた方が良いです。
深い知識を得るにはやはり理解することだと思います。理解したことは忘れにくいですからね。逆に単純暗記のものは忘れやすいです。また、用語などは何度もやって覚えていくしかないですね。イオン化エネルギーの意味を説明できるかなど結構基本的なことを聞いてきたりもするので、基本用語の意味を覚えることも怠らずに頑張って下さい。また、引っかけもたまにありますので、注意深く読むことも必要です。
やってないところを忘れるのはみんな一緒ですので、そんなに深刻に考えなくても大丈夫です。
東工大の化学はほぼ全ての分野から出題されるので、直前に過去問をやりまくれば、しばらく触れていない分野もなくなると思います。それでも本番にど忘れしてしまうことはあると思います。私は本番でど忘れして一問落としました。ですが、そこで焦らず他の問題を冷静に解くことが大事です。結構そういったメンタル面も点数に関係すると思いますので。
あとは絶対に覚えるんだ！と思って覚えて下さい。単語帳をボーッと眺めても覚えられないように、ただなんとなくやっていると効率が悪いです。残り少ないので、今解いている問題を次いつ復習できるかわかりません。もしかしたら入試までもう見ないかもしれません。ですから、絶対に覚えてやるんだ！という気概を持って勉強して下さい。個人的にはこれが最も重要かなと思ってます。

長文失礼しました。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=zTtxPoJKz9P5NrTE5oBw","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"公式は暗記？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",2,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"4/5 15:56"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"にり","infoString":"高2 三重県 東京大学理学部(68)志望","adviceId":"zTtxPoJKz9P5NrTE5oBw"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"新高3です。自分は理転をしているので、化学についてよくわかっていないところだ多々あります。PV=nRTとかどうしてこれが成り立つのか、というような意味を考える必要はありますか？数学のように導出することは難しいですか？"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}]]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"ソラ","adviserDepartment":"東京工業大学工学院","adviceId":"zTtxPoJKz9P5NrTE5oBw"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"導出に関しては出来ます。ボイルシャルルの法則から導き出せます。\n\nただ、PV=nRTは導出できるようになる必要は無いです。これはちょっと状態方程式の問題を解けば覚えられるような簡単な公式です。化学は数学のような公式を問うような問題はなく、公式を使って問題を解くのがほとんどです。よって、すぐに覚えられるような簡単な公式は問題を解きながら覚えると言うので十分です。ただ、この公式をどのような時にどんな風に使うかは理解しておく必要はあります。これは問題演習によって養われます。\n\n状態方程式の派生でPV=(w/M)RTというような式も参考書などには公式として存在しています。これはn=w/Mというように変換してあげるだけで導出できます。基本的な状態方程式は覚えて、派生してるものは導出するといった具合にすると要領良く覚えられると思います。\n\nまた、化学には公式の他にも覚えなければいけない反応式が数多く存在しています。例えば酸化還元反応の酸化剤や還元剤の半反応式です。これに関しては式丸々覚えててはいつまで経っても覚えきれません。このような時は、例えば、MnO4-とMn2+だけ覚えてあとからH2OやH+、e-で調整と言った具合に導出(このやり方は参考書などにあります)する方が覚えやすいです。\n\nまとめとしては、公式はどうして成り立つかは気になるなら調べて、特に気にならないならそういうものだと割り切って使いましょう。成り立つものとして考えてくれればどちらでも大丈夫です。\nまた、簡単な公式はそのまま覚えて複雑なものや覚えにくいものは最低限のところだけ覚えてそこから導出しましょう。\n\nこれから3年生で忙しくなるとは思いますが頑張ってください！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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17:58"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"とても詳しい回答ありがとうございます。PV=(m/w)RTもなんだこれって感じだったので助かりました！"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/zTtxPoJKz9P5NrTE5oBw","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"公式は暗記？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"導出に関しては出来ます。ボイルシャルルの法則から導き出せます。\n\nただ、PV=nRTは導出できるようになる必要は無いです。これはちょっと状態方程式の問題を解けば覚えられるような簡単な公式です。化学は数学のような公式を問うような問題はなく、公式を使って問題を解くのがほとんどです。よって、すぐに覚えられるような簡単な公式は問題を解きながら覚えると言うので十分です。ただ、この公式をどのような時にどんな風に使うかは理解しておく必要はあります。これは問題演習によって養われます。\n\n状態方程式の派生でPV=(w/M)RTというような式も参考書などには公式として存在しています。これはn=w/Mというように変換してあげるだけで導出できます。基本的な状態方程式は覚えて、派生してるものは導出するといった具合にすると要領良く覚えられると思います。\n\nまた、化学には公式の他にも覚えなければいけない反応式が数多く存在しています。例えば酸化還元反応の酸化剤や還元剤の半反応式です。これに関しては式丸々覚えててはいつまで経っても覚えきれません。このような時は、例えば、MnO4-とMn2+だけ覚えてあとからH2OやH+、e-で調整と言った具合に導出(このやり方は参考書などにあります)する方が覚えやすいです。\n\nまとめとしては、公式はどうして成り立つかは気になるなら調べて、特に気にならないならそういうものだと割り切って使いましょう。成り立つものとして考えてくれればどちらでも大丈夫です。\nまた、簡単な公式はそのまま覚えて複雑なものや覚えにくいものは最低限のところだけ覚えてそこから導出しましょう。\n\nこれから3年生で忙しくなるとは思いますが頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"物理の公式をただただ暗記したくない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"定理(公式)を暗記するかどうかはサクラサクさんの力量次第だと思います。\n\nそもそも物理法則は人間が生活する中で考えた知恵を数式的に定義づけて、定理(サクラサクさんが言うところの公式)として使いやすくしているものだと思います。あんまり突っ込んだことを言うと物理の専門の方から怒られるかもしれませんが認識として持っていて欲しいのは、定義は必ず理解しなくてはいけませんし、定理を導く事ができない人は覚える(覚えるというより問題を解きながら理解する事で自由に使えるようになると言う表現の方が近いと思います)必要があります。\n\n例えば運動方程式f=maはもともと人間の経験則からニュートンが定義したものなので覚えるのが嫌だとしたら、自分で実験をしながら導くしかないです…天才じゃなきゃ無理ですね。\n定理で言うと例えば速度の式なんかは、加速度が速度の微小変化という定義さえ知っていれば定理はそれを積分すると出ますよね。(積分を習っていなければグラフ化して導出して考えると良いと思います。)\n\nどちらにせよ何度も導出している間に覚えてしまうのでそれをそのまま使うことになると思います。丸暗記でなにも考えずに公式に当てはめるのはお勧めしませんが、導出出来るものはしながら解いて慣れてきたら時間を短縮するために必要な公式を使うのが良いんじゃないでしょうか。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"公式の証明について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！回答させていただきます。\n\n公式の証明を覚えているとどう役に立つかということですが、正直、受験に合格するという観点では公式の証明問題が解ける以上のメリットはあまりないです！\n公式の証明では、受験数学のセオリーからみれば特殊な考え方を使うものが多く、考え方が他の問題に役立つ事も少ないのです。\n数学という学問を修める意味では、公式の証明を理解していることは重要だと思いますが。\n\nしかし、本番で公式の証明問題が解けるという一点だけで、覚える理由としては十分ではないでしょうか？\n実際の入試でそういった問題が出ているわけですし。4完を狙うなら公式の証明問題は落とせませんしね！\n\n余談ですが、三角関数の和積の公式とか、ベクトルの内積を使った三角形の面積の公式とかを、もし暗記せずにテスト中に導こうと思ってるなら、それはダメですよ！時間がもったいないですから。これはマジです！\n\n長文失礼しました。頑張ってくださいね！\n\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 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