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1b:T1df8,古文漢文、難しいですよね。私も人様にアドバイスできるほど古文漢文ができたわけではありませんが、参考までにどうぞ。

⒈主語と述語の対応
　古文も漢文も、文章であるからには、主語と述語があるはずです。その対応を正確に把握できないと、文章の意味もごっちゃごちゃになってしまいます。とりわけ、古文は主語が省略されることが多く、文上の他の要素からこれを特定しなければならないため、注意を払わねばなりません。とくに難しいのは、敬語によって主語を特定する場合です。敬語はよく勉強しておいた方がいいと思います。私は、古文も漢文も、登場人物には順にS1, S2, S3……と番号を振っていき、述語にはそれらに対応した番号を振って、それが誰のことについてのものなのかを問題文中にメモしながら読んでいました。

⒉品詞分解と文法的説明
　これは、古文の現代語訳問題で行っていたことです。というのも、私の学校の古文の授業では、予習の段階で、授業で扱う教科書の文章の全文について、品詞分解と文法的説明をした上でさらに現代語訳をさせられたため、正確な現代語訳のために品詞分解をする癖がついていたからです。ちなみに、文法的説明というのは、①動詞・形容詞・形容動詞であれば活用（例えば、サ変動詞「す」連用形。音便があれば音便の種類も）、②助動詞であれば意味と活用（例えば、完了の助動詞「たり」終止形）、③助詞であれば意味（例えば、順接確定条件の助詞「ば」）などです。助動詞や助詞の意味は、本文中での意味であって、複数の意味を取りうる助動詞や助詞の場合は、本文中の意味として最も適当なものを自分で選択しなければなりません。その際、①で見た、助動詞や助詞にくっついている動詞等の活用によって判断することもしばしばあります。例えば、助詞の「ば」は、未然形の動詞につく場合は順接仮定条件に、已然形の動詞につく場合は順接確定条件になりますし、受け身等の助動詞「る」と完了・存続の助動詞「り」の判別（とくに「れ」や「る」の場合）は、それが四段活用動詞につく場合は、その動詞が未然形か已然形かによってします（「りっちゃんさみしい（サ未四已）」でおなじみのやつですね）。このように、古文を分析的に読む訓練は、しておいた方がいいと思います。

⒊句形だけは漏らさない
　漢文ですね。漢文の句形は、お決まりの構文みたいなもので、とても重要なので漏れがないようにしましょう。漢文で訳を求められたり意味を問われたりするのは、ほぼ100%句形がある文についてですので。私の学校では、漢文の句形全部について何度も小テストがあり、その度に、90%以上をとれるまで再テストでしたね。それくらい句形は重要です。

⒋古文の語義類推について
　これは、私の個人的な経験です。北大の二次試験（受験本番）の古文で「正義」という言葉があったのですが、これを「個人が正しいと思う信念」みたいに一般的な意味だとすると、文章の意味の繋がりというか辻褄がどうも合わないということがありました。それで、じゃあこの「正義」はどういう意味だろうかと考えていると、一つの天恵が下ったんです。「そういえば、『意義』って言葉あるよな。この『正義』の『義』は、もしかしたら『意義』の『義』か？　だとしたらこの『正義』の意味は、『（言葉の）正しい意味』か？」と。実際、そう訳してみると、意味のつながりに違和感がなくなって手応えを感じました。合っていたのかは知りませんが（解答速報など一切見なかったので）、国語の点数は8割弱だったので、多分会っていたんじゃないかと思っています（違ってたらクソ恥ずかしいですが）。
　このように、知らない単語の意味を類推することができたのはなぜなのかということを振り返って考えてみると、それは私が使っていた単語帳のおかげなのではないかと思いました。『春つぐる頻出古文単語480』（河合出版）というやつなのですが、これの何が良いかと申しますと、それぞれの単語について、成り立ちなどが書いてあるんです（もっとも、すべての掲載単語について成り立ちが載っているわけではありませんが、何かしらの解説は書かれています）。今でも強く覚えているのが「はかばかし」についてです。漢字で書くと「捗捗し」、「捗」は「進捗」の「捗」ですね。すなわち、「捗」が二重で「はかばかし」ですから、進捗を重ねることから転じて「てきぱきしている」とか「しっかりしている」という意味になるわけです。これに関連して、「はかなし」も漢字で書くと「捗なし」、すなわち進捗がないことから転じて「頼りない」とか「むなしい」とかいう意味になります。「はかばかし」と「はかなし」は対義語になってるんですね。こういう感じで、「なぜそのような意味になるのか」ということから単語を勉強していたのが役に立ったのではないかと思っています。因みに、学校指定の単語帳は『読んで見て聞いて覚える　重要古文単語315』（桐原書店）でしたが、それでやっていても、問題文上では知らない単語が多く、どうも古文がよく読めるにならなかったので、もう少し掲載単語数の多い単語帳はないかと書店で物色していたところ、上の単語帳を見つけ、立ち読みしてみて一目惚れし、これを使うようになったという経緯があります。現在お使いの単語帳にご不満などありましたら、一度書店で見てみてはいかがでしょうか。

⒌漢文の漢字
　漢文でも意味の知らない漢字が出てくることはしばしばでしたので、『漢文句形とキーワード』（Z会）を使いました。句形は漢文必携で事足りたので、これは重要な漢字を学ぶために買いました（もっとも、漢文必携にも漢字はある程度載っていたと思います）。この参考書には、たしか漢文の背景知識（よくある文章のパターンとか政治のあり方とか色々）についてコンパクトに解説してある章があったので、そのような背景知識を知りたいという場合にもお勧めできると思います。これも、書店で見て個人的に良いと思ったので選びました。上の単語帳についても言えますが、私の参考書の選び方は、ネットなどでの評価は一切見ずに、書店で見て自分が良いと思ったものを選ぶというやり方だったので、ここで紹介した参考書の評判は知りません。

　以上、参考になれば幸いです。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=z8lK3vIxNw2DuRj8","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古典の読解について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",33,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"9/29 21:45"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"古典文法の勉強の調子はどうですか？\n単語を覚えて来たら、次は文法です。\n古語は英語やその他外国語と違い、語順自体は現代日本語と同じ(当たり前ですが笑)なので、単語と単語を繋ぐ\"助詞\"や、\"助動詞\"の文法事項を覚えればそのまま読めます。\n\n特に最重要課題が助動詞です。\n例えば未然形接続の助動詞「る」には、受身/可能/自発/尊敬の4つの意味があります。\nこの「る」一つで、\n「尊敬の意味で使われているから主語は偉い人だ」\n「直後に打消の助動詞がきてるから、恐らく〜できないと訳すんだ」\nなど、様々なことがわかります。\n\n主語の判別や、動作が成功したのか否かなどは、物語の主旨を大きく左右する要素となりますよね。\nですので、騙されたと思って助動詞の意味、接続、活用を全て丸暗記してください！\nそして、解き終わった古文を一単語ずつ品詞分解し、助動詞が出て来たら意味、接続、活用が何か当てはめてください。\nすると、どの助動詞を読み違えたから正解できなかったかなどが分かってきて、自分の苦手分野を浮き彫りにできます。\n\nこれで古典の成績も飛躍的に上がるはずです！\n古典はやり方さえ守れば努力がついてくる科目なので、ぜひ頑張ってください。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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21:47"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ありがとうございます！\nまだまだですが頑張ります！！！"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/z8lK3vIxNw2DuRj8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古典の読解について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古典文法の勉強の調子はどうですか？\n単語を覚えて来たら、次は文法です。\n古語は英語やその他外国語と違い、語順自体は現代日本語と同じ(当たり前ですが笑)なので、単語と単語を繋ぐ\"助詞\"や、\"助動詞\"の文法事項を覚えればそのまま読めます。\n\n特に最重要課題が助動詞です。\n例えば未然形接続の助動詞「る」には、受身/可能/自発/尊敬の4つの意味があります。\nこの「る」一つで、\n「尊敬の意味で使われているから主語は偉い人だ」\n「直後に打消の助動詞がきてるから、恐らく〜できないと訳すんだ」\nなど、様々なことがわかります。\n\n主語の判別や、動作が成功したのか否かなどは、物語の主旨を大きく左右する要素となりますよね。\nですので、騙されたと思って助動詞の意味、接続、活用を全て丸暗記してください！\nそして、解き終わった古文を一単語ずつ品詞分解し、助動詞が出て来たら意味、接続、活用が何か当てはめてください。\nすると、どの助動詞を読み違えたから正解できなかったかなどが分かってきて、自分の苦手分野を浮き彫りにできます。\n\nこれで古典の成績も飛躍的に上がるはずです！\n古典はやり方さえ守れば努力がついてくる科目なので、ぜひ頑張ってください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古典 覚え方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"慶應の経済学部の者です。\nまず、単語の覚え方から。\n英単語と同じで反復が命です！何度も何度も触れましょう！\n助動詞の覚え方にも繋がる話ですが、ゴロで覚えると覚えやすいです。だから僕のオススメの古文単語張は『古文単語565』です。\nこの単語帳はゴロで古文単語を覚えるというものですが、非常に覚えやすいのでオススメです！\n\n次に助動詞。\n古文における助動詞って死ぬほど重要どすよね。だから特別にいい覚え方を教えちゃいます。\n助動詞にとって重要なことは３つあります。\n❶接続\n❷意味\n❸活用\n\n❷に関してはもう慣れで覚えるしかありません。\n❸も声に出して、リズムで覚えてしまいましょう。\n\n僕が教えるとっておきの方法は❶について。さっきの単語と同じですが、ゴロで覚えます。\n以下のゴロを声に出してよんで覚えちゃってください！\n\n▶︎未然形接続\nらますむさるまじしずむ\n\n▶︎連用形接続\nたけきっ(つ)たぬけ\n\n▶︎終止形接続\nなまべららむめい\n\n▶︎連体形接続\nなりたりごとし段段比的\n\n▶︎已然形接続\nさみしいりか\n\n\n各ゴロについて解説していくと、\n未然〜終止形のゴロはその形に接続する助動詞の頭文字がならんで文(笑？)を成しています。声に出して何度も読むと頭に残ります！(各文字がなんの助動詞を指しているかは自分で調べてください)\n連体形接続はそのまんまです笑！\nなり、たり、ごとし、は全て連体形接続で、それぞれ断定、断定、比況の意味を表します。\n已然形接続は『さみ』が『サ変変格活用の未然形』を指し、『しい』が四段活用動詞の已然形』を指していて、『り』が完了の助動詞『り』を、『か』は完了の『か』を表しています。\n\nどうですか？覚えれそうですか？\n僕もこの方法で覚えて受験を乗り切ったので、是非これで覚えてもらいたいです！\n\nえ？文字が被ってて、接続が紛らわしいやつはどうすればいいかって？\n文字が被っているのは『またなら(また奈良)』で個々で覚えましょう。これぐらいなら覚えられるはずです！\n\n僕が紹介できる方法はこんな感じです！\n古文の勉強の一助になればと思います！^ 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文を解けるビジョンが浮かびません！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です！\n\n個人的に古文を読めるようになるためには主に3つの要素が必要だと思います\n\n\n○単語\n→長文を読んでいく中で意味を覚えるものもありますがなるべく色々な意味を覚えておきましょう！\n\n○文法\n→助動詞は1番大変だけど頻出だから夏休み中にマスターした方がいいです！（おすすめは河合塾のステップアップノート）\nあと敬語もなかなか面倒くさいですが早いうちに終わらせましょう！\n\n○古文常識\n→早稲田志望であれば背景知識や古文常識はやっておいた方が良いです👍マドンナ古文常識を使ってました！\n\nこの3つの要素が固まってからやっと長文が読めるようになると思います。初めのうちはあまり長い文章だときついので短い文章を品詞分解（これが動詞、これが助動詞など）しながら丁寧にやっておくといいです。\n\nまた、受けるかは別としてセンターの過去問は良問が多いので演習に使えると思います🙆‍♀️\n\n質問者さんの場合はまず何より文法を夏休み中に完璧にしましょう！英語より覚えることはだいぶ少ないのであまり怖がらないでください！\n\n暑くなりますが体調に気をつけて頑張ってください💪"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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