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UniLink"}],["$","meta","3",{"name":"description","content":"私は今高3です。国語をセンターでしか使いません。今、古文・漢文の勉強をどこまでするべきかで悩んでいます。単語・文法はやるべきでしょうか?特に活用形や、助動詞の意味の見分け方まで要りますか?ちなみに、ベネッセ模試では古文漢文合わせて50〜90点と差が激しいです。"}],["$","link","4",{"rel":"icon","href":"/favicon.ico","type":"image/x-icon","sizes":"48x48"}],["$","link","5",{"rel":"icon","href":"/icon.png?2c0dc65a59843333","type":"image/png","sizes":"180x180"}],["$","link","6",{"rel":"apple-touch-icon","href":"/apple-icon.png?2c0dc65a59843333","type":"image/png","sizes":"180x180"}],["$","meta","7",{"name":"next-size-adjust"}]] 1:null 13:I[3903,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"ClientInfo"] 14:I[2798,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdUnderConsultation"] 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1a:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1c:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList2"] 1d:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList3"] 1b:T1df8,古文漢文、難しいですよね。私も人様にアドバイスできるほど古文漢文ができたわけではありませんが、参考までにどうぞ。 ⒈主語と述語の対応  古文も漢文も、文章であるからには、主語と述語があるはずです。その対応を正確に把握できないと、文章の意味もごっちゃごちゃになってしまいます。とりわけ、古文は主語が省略されることが多く、文上の他の要素からこれを特定しなければならないため、注意を払わねばなりません。とくに難しいのは、敬語によって主語を特定する場合です。敬語はよく勉強しておいた方がいいと思います。私は、古文も漢文も、登場人物には順にS1, S2, S3……と番号を振っていき、述語にはそれらに対応した番号を振って、それが誰のことについてのものなのかを問題文中にメモしながら読んでいました。 ⒉品詞分解と文法的説明  これは、古文の現代語訳問題で行っていたことです。というのも、私の学校の古文の授業では、予習の段階で、授業で扱う教科書の文章の全文について、品詞分解と文法的説明をした上でさらに現代語訳をさせられたため、正確な現代語訳のために品詞分解をする癖がついていたからです。ちなみに、文法的説明というのは、①動詞・形容詞・形容動詞であれば活用(例えば、サ変動詞「す」連用形。音便があれば音便の種類も)、②助動詞であれば意味と活用(例えば、完了の助動詞「たり」終止形)、③助詞であれば意味(例えば、順接確定条件の助詞「ば」)などです。助動詞や助詞の意味は、本文中での意味であって、複数の意味を取りうる助動詞や助詞の場合は、本文中の意味として最も適当なものを自分で選択しなければなりません。その際、①で見た、助動詞や助詞にくっついている動詞等の活用によって判断することもしばしばあります。例えば、助詞の「ば」は、未然形の動詞につく場合は順接仮定条件に、已然形の動詞につく場合は順接確定条件になりますし、受け身等の助動詞「る」と完了・存続の助動詞「り」の判別(とくに「れ」や「る」の場合)は、それが四段活用動詞につく場合は、その動詞が未然形か已然形かによってします(「りっちゃんさみしい(サ未四已)」でおなじみのやつですね)。このように、古文を分析的に読む訓練は、しておいた方がいいと思います。 ⒊句形だけは漏らさない  漢文ですね。漢文の句形は、お決まりの構文みたいなもので、とても重要なので漏れがないようにしましょう。漢文で訳を求められたり意味を問われたりするのは、ほぼ100%句形がある文についてですので。私の学校では、漢文の句形全部について何度も小テストがあり、その度に、90%以上をとれるまで再テストでしたね。それくらい句形は重要です。 ⒋古文の語義類推について  これは、私の個人的な経験です。北大の二次試験(受験本番)の古文で「正義」という言葉があったのですが、これを「個人が正しいと思う信念」みたいに一般的な意味だとすると、文章の意味の繋がりというか辻褄がどうも合わないということがありました。それで、じゃあこの「正義」はどういう意味だろうかと考えていると、一つの天恵が下ったんです。「そういえば、『意義』って言葉あるよな。この『正義』の『義』は、もしかしたら『意義』の『義』か? だとしたらこの『正義』の意味は、『(言葉の)正しい意味』か?」と。実際、そう訳してみると、意味のつながりに違和感がなくなって手応えを感じました。合っていたのかは知りませんが(解答速報など一切見なかったので)、国語の点数は8割弱だったので、多分会っていたんじゃないかと思っています(違ってたらクソ恥ずかしいですが)。  このように、知らない単語の意味を類推することができたのはなぜなのかということを振り返って考えてみると、それは私が使っていた単語帳のおかげなのではないかと思いました。『春つぐる頻出古文単語480』(河合出版)というやつなのですが、これの何が良いかと申しますと、それぞれの単語について、成り立ちなどが書いてあるんです(もっとも、すべての掲載単語について成り立ちが載っているわけではありませんが、何かしらの解説は書かれています)。今でも強く覚えているのが「はかばかし」についてです。漢字で書くと「捗捗し」、「捗」は「進捗」の「捗」ですね。すなわち、「捗」が二重で「はかばかし」ですから、進捗を重ねることから転じて「てきぱきしている」とか「しっかりしている」という意味になるわけです。これに関連して、「はかなし」も漢字で書くと「捗なし」、すなわち進捗がないことから転じて「頼りない」とか「むなしい」とかいう意味になります。「はかばかし」と「はかなし」は対義語になってるんですね。こういう感じで、「なぜそのような意味になるのか」ということから単語を勉強していたのが役に立ったのではないかと思っています。因みに、学校指定の単語帳は『読んで見て聞いて覚える 重要古文単語315』(桐原書店)でしたが、それでやっていても、問題文上では知らない単語が多く、どうも古文がよく読めるにならなかったので、もう少し掲載単語数の多い単語帳はないかと書店で物色していたところ、上の単語帳を見つけ、立ち読みしてみて一目惚れし、これを使うようになったという経緯があります。現在お使いの単語帳にご不満などありましたら、一度書店で見てみてはいかがでしょうか。 ⒌漢文の漢字  漢文でも意味の知らない漢字が出てくることはしばしばでしたので、『漢文句形とキーワード』(Z会)を使いました。句形は漢文必携で事足りたので、これは重要な漢字を学ぶために買いました(もっとも、漢文必携にも漢字はある程度載っていたと思います)。この参考書には、たしか漢文の背景知識(よくある文章のパターンとか政治のあり方とか色々)についてコンパクトに解説してある章があったので、そのような背景知識を知りたいという場合にもお勧めできると思います。これも、書店で見て個人的に良いと思ったので選びました。上の単語帳についても言えますが、私の参考書の選び方は、ネットなどでの評価は一切見ずに、書店で見て自分が良いと思ったものを選ぶというやり方だったので、ここで紹介した参考書の評判は知りません。  以上、参考になれば幸いです。1e:Tf9e,私も質問者さんと同じ悩みを抱えていました。 古典の得点が安定しないという問題は、おそらく文章のイメージがつかめない事が原因なのではないかと思います。文法がある程度わかっていても、文章自体の理解ができないと得点は難しい場面があります。逆にイメージがつかめると文法で分からないところがあっても、意外に分かったりします。 このイメージを持てるようになる事が、古典の得点安定の鍵なのではないでしょうか。 さてその学習方法ですが、私がやったことは文法の読解(古文は品詞分解、漢文であれば書き下し文の製作)と現代語訳の2つです。一つずつ説明していきます。 ⑴文法の読解 まずイメージを掴むにはその文章からより多くのヒントを読み解かなくてはなりません。古典は時代背景、文化が私たちにとって身近なものではないので、読んでいてリアリティのあるイメージが湧かない時があります。そのような時に頼れるのは文法です。問題で出てきた文法は絶対に裏切りません。あくまで教科書に書いてある意味以外での読解を強いられることは稀です。センターレベルではほとんどないでしょう。文法はパターン化されていて、どんな文章でも同じですのでイメージが湧かない時は、この文法にヒントを探すことになると思います。 そのためには、古文の問題を解くことより文章に使われている文法を読み解く練習が必要です。 私が実践した方法は、まず古典の文章を用意します。そして、古文であれば品詞ごとに分けて活用形をその横に記す。漢文は有名な句形などを探したり、よく出る名詞も調べ記す。そして、意味の分からない単語があれば調べてそれも記しておく。これが私の文法読解の練習です。 ⑵現代語訳 さて「現代語訳をするといい」と言われても、イメージが湧かないのを克服したいのに現代語訳はイメージが湧かないと無理じゃないかと思われるかもしれません。そうです。イメージがないと古典は読みづらいです。しかし、ここでやる現代語訳はイメージがない状況をどう克服するかの訓練のことを言います。 ここではイメージに頼らず、文法から分かることではどのように読み取れるのかをノートに書いていきます。翻訳ではなく、作業として「推量の助動詞だから、だろうと訳す」「反語だから、だろうか。いやない。と訳す」のようにシンプルな訳を当てはめていきます。教員に添削してもらうと尚良しです。自分では間違えることが多いので。 そして、正解とされる訳と自分の訳を比べます。そうすると、文法から読み取れる情報から飛躍した訳もあると思います。「なんでこんな風に読めるんだよ!?」みたいな文章も出てきます。ですが、文法的に読み間違えていたところもあると思います。前者はもう慣れていくしかないですが、後者は練習すればすぐに改善できます。この後者を徹底的に鍛えていくことで古文は安定してある程度読めるようになります。 最後に、その他古典の勉強法はいっぱいありますが、基本はこれで良いのではないかと思います。古典常識はこの学習を繰り返していくことで身につきますし、和歌の読み方もルールを覚えればこの方法で対応できます。 長文になりましたが、質問者さんの学習に役立てていただければ幸いです。ありがとうございました。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=yhhcSGsBTqPwDZPuniAQ","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"センター古文・漢文の勉強どこまで?"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",14,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"6/12 6:05"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"サクラ","infoString":"高3 茨城県 岡山大学志望","adviceId":"yhhcSGsBTqPwDZPuniAQ"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"私は今高3です。国語をセンターでしか使いません。今、古文・漢文の勉強をどこまでするべきかで悩んでいます。単語・文法はやるべきでしょうか?特に活用形や、助動詞の意味の見分け方まで要りますか?ちなみに、ベネッセ模試では古文漢文合わせて50〜90点と差が激しいです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}]]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold 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whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"こんにちは。センター古文・漢文についての質問ですね。\nセンター国語において古文・漢文は得点源と言われます。現代文に比べて、勉強したことと得点が結びつきやすいからです。\n\nどこまで勉強するかということですが、まず古文単語と漢文の句形の暗記は必須です。これを知らなければ文章を読めないからです。\nその次に活用形や助動詞を覚えて欲しいです。こちらは学校の授業などである程度暗記しているなら、過去問や模試を解いて復習する際に覚えてしまうという形で良いと思います。\n\nセンター国語の過去問に取り組んだかどうか分かりませんが、解いてみると「知っていれば取れる」という問題が多くあることに気づくと思います。\nぜひ勉強して得点源にして欲しいです。\n\n詳しい勉強法について『高校3年になって恥ずかしい話なんですが、全くと言っていいほど古文と漢文が分かりません』という回答で書いているので、良ければ参考にしてください。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 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mb-1","children":"こんにちは。センター古文・漢文についての質問ですね。\nセンター国語において古文・漢文は得点源と言われます。現代文に比べて、勉強したことと得点が結びつきやすいからです。\n\nどこまで勉強するかということですが、まず古文単語と漢文の句形の暗記は必須です。これを知らなければ文章を読めないからです。\nその次に活用形や助動詞を覚えて欲しいです。こちらは学校の授業などである程度暗記しているなら、過去問や模試を解いて復習する際に覚えてしまうという形で良いと思います。\n\nセンター国語の過去問に取り組んだかどうか分かりませんが、解いてみると「知っていれば取れる」という問題が多くあることに気づくと思います。\nぜひ勉強して得点源にして欲しいです。\n\n詳しい勉強法について『高校3年になって恥ずかしい話なんですが、全くと言っていいほど古文と漢文が分かりません』という回答で書いているので、良ければ参考にしてください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文漢文やってもできない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文漢文はなんとなくで読めてしまうので疎かにしがちですけど、しっかりとした対策が必要になります。基本的な勉強方法は、英語と同じだと覚えておいて下さい。単語を覚えて、文法を覚えて、あとはひたすら音読です。あなたはおそらく、音読が疎かなのと、覚えた文法の使い方がマスターできていないのだと思います。具体的なトレーニング法を以下に説明します。\n古文:助動詞の意味を全て覚えても、文中での助動詞の意味を識別できないと意味がありません。そのトレーニングは、「望月古典文法講義の実況中継」で行うことができます。単語はどの参考書でもそんなに変わりはありません。それで、音読トレーニングについてですが、これは「古文上達 基礎編」を用いて行うのが良いでしょう。音読するときには、きちんと日本語の意味を理解しながら読んでいきましょう。そうすると、あなたが英語を読めるようになった時と同じように、古文を自然に理解することができます。\n漢文:「早覚え即答法」は昔の漢文が簡単だった頃に対応している参考書なので、今の難化した漢文に対応するのは難しいです。なので追加の参考書として「センター試験必勝マニュアル」の漢文の構造について説明している章を熟読すると良いでしょう。その後には、Z会出版のセンター演習本:通称緑本 を用いて演習を重ねると良いでしょう。問題を解いたあとは、日本語訳を確認しながら音読です。この音読トレーニングコツコツ積み重ねていけば、読めるようになりますよ。あなたの受験の成功をお祈りしています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文、単語と文法のあとはなにをやればいいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"そこまできたのなら古文・漢文で高得点を狙った方が良いと思いますよ!\n\nいわゆる基礎は固まっていると思います。\n\n\nおそらく質問者様の状況から察するに課題は2つあります。\n\n①英語の精読のような1文をしっかり訳す経験の不足\n②問題演習不足\n\n\nこの2つを丁寧にやれば、基本的には読解力は向上すると思います!\n\n①は学校の古文・漢文の授業でやっているようなもので、1文ずつしっかり品詞分解して、これはどういう品詞で、活用形は何で、意味は何でと丁寧に分析していきます。そして、その判断にはきちんと根拠が言える必要があります。題材は何でもいいです。学校の教科書でも問題集でも何でもいいので丁寧にやれるかどうかがミソです。\n\n②については特になく、ひたすら問題演習をしてください。\n\n漢文においても同様です。\n句法をしっかり覚えたのなら①②をやってみてください!\n\n\n以上になりますが、参考にしていただければ幸いです!\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文漢文がまずい"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは!\n\n私は古文漢文が得意だったのでお答えします!\n\n質問者様がおっしゃる通り、単語はめちゃくちゃ大切です!でもまずは助動詞を覚えましょう!!助動詞が分からないと文脈がとれません。(否定を肯定で取ったり、使役を尊敬で取ったりしてしまうと意味がわからなくなる)\n\n助動詞を覚えるメリットはたくさんあります。\n主語が特定しやすくなる、文脈を掴みやすくなる、共テの文法問題が解けるようになる!!逆に言えば助動詞が分からないと何も分からないということです。\n\n私はブツブツ助動詞を唱えて覚えました。帰り道に「る、らる、す、さす、しむ、ず、じ、む、むず、まし、まほし……」(未然形接続の助動詞すべて)とかつぶやいてました笑 YouTubeにも覚え方を解説した動画があるのでぜひ\n\nしかし、質問者様は理系国公立を目指されているんですよね。でしたら古文漢文に時間を割くより他の教科を仕上げた方が良い、と言うこともできます。古文漢文は合わせて100点分だけど、共テの点数って圧縮されますし…(ある程度レベルの高い大学)\n\n他の教科(特に理系科目)に問題がないのであれば、古文漢文をきっちりやることを強く勧めます。\n\nやるのであれば、\n\n【古文】\n岡本梨奈先生のスタサプor参考書で古典文法を学ぶ\n単語帳をすすめる\n助動詞を覚える\n共テ演習\n\n【漢文】\n早覚え速答法\n共テ演習\n\nかなーと思います。古文ができると漢文もできるようになるので、古文からやることをオススメします。(ただ、共テの場合 漢文は高得点を取りやすいとよく言われているため、効率的に点数をとるなら漢文のみでもいいかもしれません)\n\n質問があればお答えします!"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["東北大学教育学部"," ","84"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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