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1b:T14a1,言っていることが多少捉えにくいですのでご注意下さい。あととても長いです…

難しい文章になると単語帳に載ってる言い方から離れた翻訳になることはよくあります。
自分が受験期にしていたことは、概念を意識することでした。単語の概念を意識すると型にはまることもなく文章を多様に訳せるようになります。

では、概念を意識するとはどういうことか。それは、類語を意識することだと思ってください。例えばですが、preventという単語の意味に関して、概念の範疇内で違った言い方(訳し方)をできる限り多く頭に浮かべてください。(限界まで浮かべたら下へ)


















どうでしょうか。恐らく浮かんだ数が多ければ多い人ほど柔軟な翻訳能力が備わっていると思います。

「防ぐ」「阻む」「抑え込む」「押しとどめる」「差し止める」「封じる」「禁じる」「庇う」「助ける」「おかげで〜回避できる」…など、単語帳に載っていない沢山の異なる言い方があると思います。意味の類語から類語へとどんどん連想していくだけで適切な訳が見つかってきます。

「助ける」や「おかげで〜回避できる」などに疑問を持った方も居ると思いますが、例えば、
He prevented me from repeating a year.という文では「彼が留年から私を救ってくれた。彼のおかげで留年しないで済んだ。」などという風に訳したほうが自然です。「彼は私を留年から防いだ。」という様な訳だと意味は通じるけれど翻訳の仕方が下手ですよね。これが臨機応変にその場に合った翻訳ができるということを指すのです。
難しい言い方をしますが、概念とは同類のものから共通部分をぬき出して得た表象であり、類語はその共通部分を帯びた言葉に当たります。場面に応じた翻訳の仕方が上手い人は、単語帳に載っている言い方だけでなく単語の意味を概念で捉えた上でその類語力に力があるのではないでしょうか。(伝わりにくかったらすみません)


また、単語推測に関しては長文のトピックを掴んだ上で文章の流れや文脈、書き手の意思を汲み取って考えてみると知らない単語の意味が推測できますよ。

例えば、形容詞 jubilant を例に文を作ります。

She has jubilant eyes for a perfect score in math. 

この場合、 文脈を見るべきですよね。jubilant という単語は良い意味なのか悪い意味なのかどちらなのでしょうか。それは、for以下を見れば a perfect score から jubilant が良い意味だということがわかりますよね。
「彼女は数学で100点満点を取って嬉しそうな目をしている。」
実際はこのように簡単にはいきませんが、長文の途中で未知の単語が出てきても前後の文脈が理解できれば多少は意味が推測できるはずです。(動詞や形容詞なら意味的にマイナスかプラスかなど)


以上の二点(類語連想、文脈理解)を踏まえて、実践してみましょう。

下記の英文はある料理本に載っている注釈の一部を抜粋したものです。

If your recipe is for a dessert, soup, or other 
item recommended as a side course, please nail down your 
submission includes suggestions for main dishes that it 
would complement.

上手く翻訳できるでしょうか。

ポイントは4つあります。

①nail down
②submission
③suggestions
④complement


submissionとは「提案、提出、投稿」などの意味ですがここではレシピに関する話をしているので、料理そのものを指しますよね。

suggestionsは「示唆」や「暗示」を表しますがこの場合、名詞で訳さず動詞的に「しそう、できそう」と訳した方が適切な翻訳になりますよね。

complementは「を完全にする」などの意味ですがそれだと意味的に通らないので、類語を連想して文脈に当てはめると「を引き立たせる、を映えさせる」とすることができますよね。

最後に、nail downですがこれは以上の3点を理解した後に意味が見えてきます。「〜するようにする」の意味ですが、pleaseやsubmission以降の文からわかるはずです。

従って、和訳は

「お作りになるレシピがデザートやスープなどのサイドメニューでしたらメイン料理を上手く引き立たせられるようご確認下さい。」

となります。



結論何が言いたいかというと、適切な訳を思いつくようにするには類語を連想することが手っ取り早いということです。単語推測に関しては国語的な力も必要ですが(文脈や筆者の言いたいことに対する理解)、鍛錬すれば「あ、今こんなこと言ってるんだな」って勝手に分かってきます。頑張ってください。



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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語はどこまでしっかりやるべきなのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私は最も重要な意味だけ覚えて周回回数を増やすことに拘ってやってました。\n単語熟語文法を覚えたら解釈をやることになります。そこで徹底的に構文把握能力を鍛えるとどの単語も品詞が何か見抜けるようになります。\nこの単語の意味広げるだったけどここでは目的語ないから自動詞じゃないと説明つかないなってなったら広がると解釈すればいいし、直後に関係詞来ててどう考えても名詞だなって思ったら広がりって解釈すれば良いので広げるだけ覚えてても対応できます。下線訳で広がりだと自然な日本語にならないなって思ったら普及だとか拡散だとか自然な日本語になるように同じニュアンスの言葉を当てはめれば対応出来ます。\nただし多義語は注意が必要です。dietを見て食べ物しか出てこないと議会という意味で出てきた時に対応出来なくなります。\n明らかにイメージが異なる意味が複数ある場合はセットで覚えてください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"単語王 どこまで細かくおぼえればいいですか。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"回答させていただきます。 \nもちろん単語すべてを覚えるほどいいことはありません！ \nですが、さすがに厳しいですよね。。 \nなので、まずは１単語１個（場合によっては２個）の意味を覚えましょう！ \n１単語１語を１冊覚えてください！ \n全部覚えてから複数意味のあるものはプラスで覚えていきましょう。 \n覚える際に語源が役に立つこともあるので、語源を調べてみるといいかもしれません！ \n \nちなみに単語はある程度の意味がわかれば、長文では文から想像できることもあるので、完璧に全部覚える必要はないように思います！ \n \n参考になると嬉しいです！ "}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文を意味の通った日本語に訳すことができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です。\n\n単語を知っていて、文法も理解しているのに意味不明な日本語訳を作ってしまうと原因としては、現代文が苦手ということが考えられます。そもそも日本語の意味がよく分かっておらず、英語から訳してみたところで、自分でかみ砕けないのかなと。\nもしそうであれば、英単語を少しわかりやすい日本語に変えることをお勧めします。このやり方は私が受験生の時に、塾の先生から教わりました。簡単な例を出すと、例えば「画一的な雰囲気のある」というより、「同じような雰囲気のある」と訳したほうが、ちゃんと理解できている感じがありませんか？単語帳に載っている日本語訳ってどうしても固いというか、漢語調なことが多いので、自分なりに変形してみるのも効果的だと思います。また、もし結構な英語力があるなら、英英辞典を利用してみるのも一つの手です！割と易しめの英語で構成されていることが多い(難しい単語を使って説明すると、それもまた調べなくてはいけない)ので、英語力もつき一石二鳥かもしれません！\n少しでもお役に立てたらうれしいです。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語はどこまで正確に覚えるのでしょうか？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"1.細かく識別できるようになる必要は無いと思います。形容詞と副詞の違いくらいは見分けられた方がいいかもしれません。人科の文法問題などで役に立つと思います。\n\n2.僕はマルにしてました笑\n   気分も良くなりますし笑\n\n3.「一字一句正確に」と書いた意図がわからないのですが、単語の意味がわかることは英文を読む上で前提になることなのでしっかり覚えたほうがいいです。\n\n(見当違いなこと書いてたら教えてください。理解した上でちゃんと答えたいので…)"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語を覚える時に意識していることについて"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n単語の効果的な覚え方ですがこれは主に３つ意識すべきことがあると思います！\n\n① 単語を単語帳の場所で意味を覚えない。\nこれは結構あるあるなのですがどうしても何回も単語帳をやっていると意外とこういうことに陥りやすいです！こういう時は派生語をやるのに移ったりしていくのがいいと思います！\n\n②  単語帳での単語が出てくるスピードを速くする\n単語は見た瞬間に0.1秒で意味が出でこなければ長文で使えるような単語にはなりません。思い出しているようではダメで反射的にでなければいけないと思います。\n\n③ 単語をイメージで覚えていない。\n例えばexpandっていう単語があって【拡大する】っていう日本語訳がでてくるだけではなく広がっていくイメージをその単語に植え付けると長文中でてきたときにそのイメージのまま読むことができます！これは何個も意味がある単語や多義語などにも有効だと思います！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）\n\nまた、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶応文 難しい単語どこまで身につけるべきか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"ね。ん。さん\n\nどこまで英単語を覚えればいいのか、についてですね。\n結論から言うと、鉄壁＋英検1級のパス単で大丈夫だと思います。これ以上に難しい単語が出てきても、周りもみんなできていないので大丈夫です。むしろ、構文がきちんと取れているかの方が大切だと思います。\n\n英語の長文読解を解く上で単語力を養うことは当然大切なことです。しかし、それはどれだけ単語を知っているかであり、一つの単語でどれだけの訳を知っているかではありません。一つの単語のイメージを思い浮かべればそれで読めるはずです。\n\n慶應文であれば、和訳や英訳が出てくると思いますので、むしろ現代文などの勉強をしていく上で、頭の中にあるものを言語化できることが大切です。\n例えば、英語で書かれていることを日本語に訳すときに、どういった言葉を選ぶのかで点数が変わってきます。\n\nまだまだ時間はあると思うので、単語は今のうちにやっておくことをお勧めします！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應経済に受かった方回答よろしくお願いします🙇‍♂️"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんばんは、出来る限り質問にお答えします。\n\nまず、熟語に関してですが参考書を用意する必要はありません。「熟語をなるべく多く覚える」というのは、正直に申しますと、コストパフォーマンスが悪いです。更に、友人の中には英検一級を所持していながらも思うように英語で得点ができない人もいました。原因は「熟語の問題の選択肢が似通っている」からです。本文の空所補充などの問題で、最後に2択までは絞れますが、「どっちもあてはまる」というオチは割とあります。\nそれよりも、数学の苦手を克服するべきでしょう。A方式では、数学が得点できないと、まず合格できません。私が受験した時にも、数学の試験が終わり、小論文を受けずに帰る人が何人もいました。\n\n単語帳についてですが、私の場合は一冊も使いませんでした（塾の方針）。過去問や、日々の演習などを通してわからない単語を調べる。その後、取り組んだ問題を音読を繰り返すことで、文章ごと覚えるようにする。\nこれを繰り返せば、単語帳要りません。しかし、だからといってこれまでにあなたが覚えた単語が無駄になることはありません。これから勉強していくなかで、「調べる手間」がないのですから、私の受験期よりもはるかに効率の良い勉強ができるはずです。\n\n最後に、慶應経済の英語は割と同じ単語が何年か続いて出てきます。過去問をやっていても、2、3年連続して、同じような単語が出てくることはよくありました。\nまた、数学の苦手は夏までに克服しましょう。過去問をなるべく早くから取り組み、免疫をつけ、冬には過去問でない参考書や、他大の入試などを用いて演習をし、直前期には直近2年程度の数学を真剣に取り組む。これで十分です。\n例えば、大学への数学などの問題集から6問抜粋して、毎朝1時間で解く（私の実践した方法）などをすれば、時間が足らないと言われる数学の試験も十分に戦えます。\n\nこれで本当に最後に。\n今、本気で「現役慶應経済」を目指すのであれば、今の志望校を「東大、京大」にでもしておくべきです。それと、高校の偏差値ほど、どうでもいいものはありません。私のクラスには通信制の学校に通ってた人や、家から近いからという理由で偏差値50の高校に通っていた人がいます。彼らに比べたら、あなたはきっと恵まれていますよ。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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