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1e:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList3"] 19:Ta01,いまの状況で１日に３題も解いてもそんなに成果はあがりません。１日１題でいいです。その代わりに復習に時間を割きましょう。「前から訳せ」と言われているのは「英語を英語のまま理解しろ」という言葉と同義です。これを出来るようになるためには完全に理解した英文を大量にストックすることが必要になります。 英文を完全に理解するとはどういうことか具体例をあげて説明します。 I have a dog.という英文を目にしたとします。おそらく見た瞬間に「犬を飼っています」という意味だとわかったでしょう。ここで重要なのがいちいち和訳なんかしなくても意味がわかるということです。「犬を飼っています」なんて日本語に直すのも煩わしいと感じませんか？Iが主語でhaveが動詞、a dogが目的語なんて考えるより先に意味がわかるはずです。これが「前から訳す」であったり「英語を英語のまま理解する」ということです。 では次のような英文ではどうなるでしょうか？ There were no major changes in the overall nature of mathematics,and hardly any significant advances within the subject,until the middle of the seventeenth century,when Newton and Leibniz independently invented the calulus. 17世紀中盤というニュートンとライプニッツが独自に微積分学を発明した時代までは数学の本質全般においては大きな変化はなかったし、重要な進歩もほとんど無かった。 見た瞬間にこのように訳すのはなかなか難しいものです。しかし、早慶レベルになるとこれくらいの力が要求されます。特に慶應法ならなおさらです。I have a dog.なら出来たことがこのような文だと出来なくなるのは慣れの問題があります。まずはゆっくり構文分析をしてからそれを音読して自分の頭に染み込ませてください。そのようにして頭に染み込ませた文章がある程度の量を越えたところでグンと力がつきます。 力がついたと自覚できたら１日３題くらい長文を解いて力をグングン伸ばしましょう！現代文の力はあるとのことなので英語に慣れさえすれば受かるだけの力も自ずとついてくると思います。 希望した進路に進めることを祈っています。頑張ってください！1a:Tfbf,こんにちは！ これは解く力がないのではなく、その長文を完璧に理解できていないことが原因だと思います！ 例えば、現代文で考えればわかりやすいですが、解答の答えは本文のどこかにヒントが隠されており、そこから解答を導くのです！英語も同じで必ず解答のヒントは本文にあり、その本文を100%とはいかないまでも理解する能力を可能な限り高めることで解答率も上がると思います！ ⭐️そして、長文が読めない原因はいくつかあると思いますがその中でも主にこの３つのどこかではないかと思います！！ ① 単語を覚えていない ② 解釈が上手くできていない ③ 長文に慣れていない まず①ではとにかく単語帳を1冊完璧にしましょう！！また、単語帳で覚えていく時の注意点は以下のようなことだと思います！ ① 単語を単語帳の場所で意味を覚えない。 これは結構あるあるなのですがどうしても何回も単語帳をやっていると意外とこういうことに陥りやすいです！こういう時は派生語をやるのに移ったりしていくのがいいと思います！ ② 単語帳での単語が出てくるスピードを速くする 単語は見た瞬間に0.1秒で意味が出でこなければ長文で使えるような単語にはなりません。思い出しているようではダメで反射的にでなければいけないと思います。 ③ 単語をイメージで覚えていない。 例えばexpandっていう単語があって【拡大する】っていう日本語訳がでてくるだけではなく広がっていくイメージをその単語に植え付けると長文中でてきたときにそのイメージのまま読むことができます！これは何個も意味がある単語や多義語などにも有効だと思います！ 是非参考に自分がやった単語帳を見直してやってみてください！！ ② 次に解釈ですが基礎英文解釈の技術100がしっかりできれば問題ないと思います！ また、解釈の参考書のやり方は以下のやり方がおすすめです！参考にしてみてください！！ ① 全文読んでSVOCをとっていく。（和訳はどちらでもOKです。最悪読むだけでも大丈夫ですがとにかく構文を掴んで意味を掴むことに意識を集中させることが大切です！） ② 解説を見て構文をとりなおして訳をなおす。 ③ しっかり一文ずつ構文がわかり訳ができるようになったら最初から音読する。 ④ つっかえずに音読できるようになったら次に進む。 最後に③ですがとにかく長文では慣れていくことが大切だと思います！！ 自分のおすすめの長文参考書はソリューションシリーズとポラリスシリーズです！こちらは本当によくできた参考書でかつ、新しいため最新のトピックも抑えられて一石二鳥だと思います！ 以下がレベル別でのおすすめの参考書です！🙌 英語長文ソリューション1→英語長文ポラリス1（ここまでが基礎レベル）→英語長文ソリューション2→英語長文ポラリス2（ここまでが私立で言うとMARCHレベル）→英語長文ソリューション3→ハイパートレーニング3→関正夫のthe rules3 （ここが早慶入門レベル）→英語長文ポラリス3→関正夫のthe rules4（早慶本番レベル） 参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！） また、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！1c:T1b1e,【和訳問題に挑戦しよう】 解説付きなので長くなります。 基礎事項は入っていると思うので、自力で文全体の骨格取る練習が足りないと感じました。下の例題の解説しながら、和訳において重要なポイントを示していきます。一度解いてから読み、自分の問題点の診断に使ってください。難しい単語・熟語はありません。 【例題】 The great development of electrical signaling devices and the vast improvements which have taken place during the past century in the means of transportation have reduced to comparative insignificance the time element in communication. ※解説には個人的なやり方も含まれています。 ①「キーとなるもの」を丸や四角で囲む 「接続詞」「関係代名詞」「that」その他キーとなる文法表現(so〜that, not only〜but also〜など)を丸や四角で囲みます。 今回の場合は「and」「which」 ②「不要なもの」をカッコで囲む 副詞節など、骨格のSVOCとは関係ないものをカッコで囲みます。 今回の場合は「during the past century」「in the means of transportation」「in communication」 ③核となるVを探す SVOCの中で、圧倒的に大事なのはV。ここが分かれば、主語が明確になります。 今回の場合は「have reduce」で、それより前は全部Sと分かります。 ④「and」は何と何を繋いでいる？ 「andを制する者は英語を制する」と言っても過言ではないほど「and」は重要です。和訳は特に。簡単な単語なので蔑ろにしがちですが、「and」に関して理解出来ていない人が多いです。 「and」「or」などの等位接続詞は、「等位」ですから、繋いでいる2つのものは「対等」で「品詞同一」「類似形」といった特徴があります。 今回の場合は「the great development」と「the vast improvements」なので、その部分に波線を引きます。「類似形」なので読まなくても分かります。さらにその後の「of〜」「which〜」の修飾の仕方もすごく似てると思いませんか？ ⑤「which」はなんの代名詞？ 色々考えてしまったかもしれませんが、「and」をしっかり理解していれば迷う余地がないです。「the vast improvements」の代名詞です。 ⑥「S have reduced to」の後。何が減ったの？ 不自然な「the」に違和感を感じてほしいです。 「comparative insignificance」が「the time element」を修飾していると思ったかもしれませんが、それなら「the」は「comparative insignificance」の前につけるべき。 それ以前に「insignificance」が名詞だと分かっていれば、すぐ違和感に気づけるはずです。 和訳が苦手な人の多くは「品詞」が分かっていない人が多いと思います。それが形容詞なのか、副詞なのか、名詞なのか。 「S have reduced to O1 O2」とすれば、「toのイメージは矢印」なので「O1に減った」となるが、O2が余って訳せません。ここで倒置だと気づける。元の形は「S have reduced O2 to O1」で、O2の部分が長かったため、文末に移動したと考えられます。訳は「SはO2をO1に減らしてきた」となります。 O2が長くて倒置が起こったので、「in communication」もO2に含まれると予測できます。自信がなければ文脈的で判断。 また、今回は簡単ですが「signal/ing」「compar/ative」「in/significance」などと単語を分けて意味を取る練習も大事です。 ⑦文構造を取れたら、直訳してみる The great development of electrical signaling devices and the vast improvements which have taken place during the past century in the means of transportation have reduced to comparative insignificance the time element in communication. 【直訳】 電気的な信号を送る装置の大きな発達と、輸送手段の前世紀の間に起こってきた幅広い進歩が、意思疎通における時間要素を比較的重要でないものに減らしてきた。 難しい所は「during the past century」の訳ではないでしょうか。「過去の世紀の間」という風に訳したくなりますが、「century」が単数形であることからこの訳は不適切で、これは「過去一世紀の間」のみを指していることが分かります。ここで詰まったのなら、単複を意識するようにしましょう。 この直訳の時点でほぼ満点もらえますが、ちゃんと意味が通っているかどうか確認します。 「電話やメールなどを送るためのデバイスやその伝達手段が発達したことで、遠くの人とのコミュニケーション取るのに時間がかからなくなった」ということが読み取れます。 また今回は「in communication」は「the time element」のみに修飾させて訳しましたが、文全体に修飾させて、「意思疎通において時間要素を比較的重要でないものに減らしてきた」と訳しても問題ないことが分かります。 まだ日本語的に不自然なポイントがあるので改良していきます。 違和感があるポイントは2つ。無生物主語と「減らしてきた」という訳です。 ⑧自然な日本語に 【解答】 電気信号を送る装置の飛躍的な発達と、前世紀に進んできた輸送手段の幅広い進歩によって、意思疎通における時間という要素が比較的重要でなくなってきた。 無生物主語は「〜によって」に変えます。「have reduced O2 to O1」の訳は、「時間の重要性が減ってきた」という意味だと取れるので、上の訳のように書けると思います。 ここからさらに意訳をする人がいますが、意訳するときは日本語を自然にするために最低限するのみで、骨格を大きく変えてはいけません。意訳のやりすぎは完璧に内容が合っていれば満点もらえますが、ちょっとでも勘違いがあればバツになります。適切な意訳の仕方は先程の「have reduced O2 to O1」の訳で示した通りです。 答案用紙は採点者に「私はこの文構造・単語の意味・内容がきちんと分かってますよ！」というアピールする場ですから、それを伝えられるように訳すことを意識して下さい。 この問題を通して、自分の足りない部分を理解できれば幸いです。１つ１つの問題をこのレベルで深く理解するようにして下さい。 長くなりましたが、以上です。 お疲れ様でした。1d:T10b3,はじめまして！ 私立ですが、勉強の一環として和訳もやっていましたし、模範解答を作る仕事もしているのでので回答しますね。 ちなみにですが、これを読んでいる私立志望の方も和訳練習はやっておくと良いです。綺麗な和訳はより良い理解に繋がりますよ。 まず、和訳で点が取れない原因として1からあげると、 ・単語がわからない ・構文が取れていない ・意訳ができない が大まかな理由です。 単語や構文は、単語帳や、英文解釈の勉強で鍛えるしかないので省略します。 意訳ができない場合、大きな原因は名詞構文や強調構文など細かい構文を把握していないことがあげられます。和訳が硬い場合はほぼこれが原因かと思われます。 さて、いきなりですが問題です。次の例文の和訳をしてみてください。和訳は紙に書き出してください。 確か国公立大学の和訳の過去問です。 ex） Man's love of a quiet life and his resistance to anything that threatens his mental harmony account for his dislike of change. できましたか？ これは名詞構文の金字塔とも言えるほど名詞構文を説明する際に使われる英文です。 静かな生活の人間の愛と、、、なんてやっていては綺麗な和訳はできませんし理解もできません。 先程説明したようにここでは名詞構文がポイントになっています。 全体的な構文としては、Man's love〜harmonyまでがS 、account forがV、his dislike〜.がOとなります。（正確には accountは自動詞なのでfor以下はMになるはずですが、 account forで熟語として捉えた方がわかりやすいので） ☆ここで一つポイント 無生物主語の第三文型 →無生物S V O は受け身で訳すと綺麗になる場合があるというルールを適用。「SによってOはVされる」と訳す。 小さな構文をみていく時に、名詞構文の知識を使います。 所有格＋動詞の派生名詞＋前置詞＋名詞 はそれぞれ s' v' o' を読み込めます。（名詞構文を知らない場合は理解できないと思うので後で載せる参考書を参照してください） そうすると、 Man's love of a quiet life s' v' o' は「人間が静かな生活を愛すること」と訳せます。 his resistance to anything that〜は s' v' o' 「人間がが〜なことに抵抗すること」となり his dislike of changeは s' v' o' 「人間が変化を嫌うこと」 と綺麗に訳せますよね。これをofだから「〜の」としか考えていないと綺麗な和訳はできないんですね。 さらに大きな構文と☆から 「SによってOは説明される」（ account forは説明するという熟語）となります。 説明される→わかる くらいの意訳をしても👌です。 そうすると、 人間が静かな生活を愛することと、自分の心の調和を脅かすものはなんであれそれに抵抗することによって、人間が変化を嫌うことは説明される。 となり、これを綺麗にすると 人間が静かな生活を愛し、自分の心の調和を脅かすものはなんであれそれに抵抗することを見れば、人間が変化を嫌うことが分かるのである。 のように訳せます。 説明するのが難しかったので一題例を挙げて説明しましたが、名詞構文や強調構文などこのような知識が不足している場合は綺麗な和訳はできません。 このような知識を補うには、 関先生の英文読解の特別講座やプラチナルール長文などを使うと良いと思います。 和訳の演習問題には、 減点されない英文解釈がおすすめです！ さらに余力がある場合は最難関大への英文解釈にチャレンジしてみてください！ 何かあれば質問してください！ 頑張ってくださいね！ 2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=yJBMrGEBEoAxXtWxsXN7","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語の長文が読み進められない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"最終手段として、和訳を見る必要はありますが、わからなくなったらすぐ単語を調べたり、和訳をみるという勉強法は危険です。\n理由\n①本番では調べたり、和訳を見れないため本番とのギャップができてしまう\n②和訳を見ることで読めた気になり、根本的な解決にならない\n③和訳を見たくなってしまうことで読解への集中力も鍛えられない\n\nですので、やめた方がいいです。\nまず、長文をどうして読めないのか理由を探ってみてください。\n単語、熟語はしっかり覚えていますか？\n読解に必要な文法事項は覚えていますか？\n英文解釈の勉強は終わっていますか？\n\nこれらの総合力で長文は読めるようになります。\nこの中で欠けているものがあれば（全部なら全部）まだ時間はあるので長文の勉強はやめてその勉強をしてください。\nちなみに長文の勉強法は、\n①まずはおよその制限時間を設定してなにも見ずに解いてみる。\n②時間をはからないで、かつなにも見ないでじっくり解いてみる。\n→この時点で2回目の回答を作ってください。時間があればできた問題なのか、時間があってもできない問題なのかわかります。また文章中のわからないところにはマークをつけといてください。\n③答え合わせ、解説をみる\nわからなくてマークしていたところも調べてください。\n④覚えていなかった重要単語、熟語、文法の暗記\n⑤音読20〜30回\n⑥できればCDを使ってシャドーイング（リスニング対策）\nこれを、①〜④を1日でやり、5日かけて音読すれば大丈夫です。\n何かあれば質問してください！\n頑張ってください"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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