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1a:Tcde,ひたすら多読するのが一番の近道だと思います。記述で少しずつ落としてしまうのは、少し文構造を取り間違えたり、単語や熟語を知らなかったりするからですが、これに対する特効薬のようなものは無く、ただ沢山の長文に触れ、学び、慣れていく他ないと思います。残された時間が少なく焦ってしまうとは思いますが、根気よくやっていくしかありません。

英語は、①単語②文法③解釈④長文⑤英作の5つをこの順にやるのが良いと言われることが多いです。ただ①、②を完璧にすることは不可能なので、何となくできてきたら次に進むのが良いと思います。質問者さんが高校三年生であることを考えると、解釈または長文をするのがいいと思います(同時並行で英作をやるのもアリ)。問題集としては、基礎英文問題精講、基礎長文問題精講をおすすめします。

説明問題は、適当な部分を見つけて訳す問題、すなわち英文和訳の問題に帰着されるとよく言われます。説明問題に対処するためには、まず英文を訳せるようにならなければなりません。英文を訳すためには、丁寧に文構造をとる練習が必要なので、基礎英文問題精講など英文解釈系の問題集を1冊やっておくのがいいと思います。丁寧に文構造をとることで、少しずつ点を落としてしまうことを減らすことが出来ます。その後、身についた英文解釈の力を活かすべく、基礎長文問題精講などの問題集で英文和訳に慣れるのがおすすめです。

一橋大学の過去問をやっていないならば1年分やってみるといいと思います。英作に自信が無いなら長文の問題である大問1(年によって大問2も)だけでもやってみると、自分の苦手なところや、ケアレスミスをしがちなところ、思わず雑に訳してしまうところなどを確認することが出来ると思います。解答はできれば他人にみてもらうのがいいですが、もし出来ないならば自己採点をするのが良いと思います。自己採点する際、自分で解答の要素を区切って細かく見ていくのがおすすめです。実際、模試や入試の採点者は機械的に要素採点をしていることが多いそうです。

ちなみに、解答で意訳しすぎているような問題集、参考書がありますが、そのように全てを意訳する必要はなく、学校で習ったような意訳(無生物主語など)以外は直訳で減点されることはあまりないです。不自然な日本語でも、自分が文構造を分かっているという証明になるのでそのまま書くべきです。前述のように要素採点なので、どの日本語がどの英語の部分に対応しているのか分かりにくい場合、減点されるかも知れません。

もし余裕があるなら、一橋大学以外の大学の過去問をやってみるのもいいと思います。阪大や京大の和訳問題は良い問題が多いです。1b:T1350,共テ模試でそのぐらい出来ているのであれば、勉強の成果は出てますし、焦らなくて大丈夫ですよ！神大って共通テスト命ですから、7月いっぱい共通テスト対策に費やしたことも間違いではありません。共通テストは先延ばし先延ばしにしていたら、結局間に合わなくなるなるので、早め早めにやってて正解です。共テ失敗したら挽回とか、文系の場合ほぼ不可能ですしね。あと過去問1年分やったぐらいで、出来が悪くて落ち込む必要もないですよ！それでいきなり合格点取れるぐらいなら、志望校のレベル上げた方が良いです。過去問を何年分も繰り返しやって、出題傾向を掴んだり、自分なりの解き方を編み出してようやく合格点が取れるようになります。秋から二次試験を本格的に対策して11月の実戦模試には間に合いますし、なんなら共通テスト終わってから二次試験本番までも1ヶ月ぐらいある訳ですから、焦らず、今は各科目の基礎を完璧にすることを目指してください。以下は一応国語と英語の記述についてまだ早いですが、アドバイスしますね。
国語に関しててですが、共通テストの勉強をしながら、記述力を維持及び上げるには、積極法で選択肢を選ぶことです。記号問題だと頭で考えるまでに選択肢に目がいき、答えを探してしまいがちですが、マーク式でも記述式でも現代文においては解き方は同じです。記述の時のようにマークの問題を解くときには、消去法で選ぶのではなく、必要な解答要素があるからこの選択肢を選ぶというようにすると良いと思います。古文と漢文はマーク独自のテクニックを活かした解き方で共テは解くので、この二つは別々に対策するしかないです。私は漢文が二次試験になかったので漢文に関してはよくわからないですが、古文はとりあえず逐語訳がしっかり出来るかが記述では問われています。マークは文章量も多く、必要なところだけ深く読む感じですが、二次試験は比較的平易で短い文章を隅々まで訳せるかみたいな感じです。ですから現代語訳の問題はもちろん、理由説明問題とかまとめの問題でも、解答範囲を確定したらそこをきちんと単語に分解して逐語訳してください。現代文のように大雑把に解答を作ると古文では点がもらえません。解答を自分の言葉でうまくまとめると言うより、ほぼ直訳の方が点を貰いやすいですよ。私は文章を単語に区切って助詞、助動詞を正確に訳し、主語が補えますっていうことをアピールするような解答を作ってください。
英語に関しては共テの対策をメインにしてた以上、仕方がないと思います。共テの英語は消去法で解答を絞りますし、問題文も全て英語ですから和訳する必要がないので記述力の向上は望めません。でも英作文除いて5割で記号問題ほとんど正解されてるので、記述の練習を積めば記述はすぐに出来るようになると思いますよ。読解は十分出来ているようなので。二次試験の英語の記述の仕方ですが、これも古文と一緒でほぼ直訳で良いと思います。赤本とか青本とかの解答って小慣れた綺麗な日本語で訳されたり、要約されていますが、あれはめいいっぱいの時間をかけて考えられ、しかも複数の人のチェックをくぐりぬけて作られた解答なんですよ。ですから英語のプロでもない受験生が制限時間の中で、あんな素晴らしい解答はまず作れないです。ですから解答のように綺麗に作れなくても気にする必要はないです。ほぼ直訳で少々不自然かもしれない和訳でも十分に合格の水準には達しています。これも自分は綺麗には訳せないけど、分かってますアピールをするんです。それすら出来ない人が大勢いるので差はかなりつきます。
色々と言いましたが、国語も英語もやっぱり過去問を回して、自分で書く練習をしないと出来るようにはなりません。でも焦らなくても二次力を付ける時間は秋からでも十分にありますし、土台がしっかりしていれば短期間で出来るようになると思いますので、この夏休みは基礎の取りこぼしがないかをチェックして、地盤を固めてください。焦らなくても全然大丈夫ですよ！頑張ってください！1c:Tde5,こんにちは(  ܸ•ω• ܸ )勉強お疲れ様です！

記述模試の英語でちょくちょく点数の取りこぼしがあり、それが積み重なって、英文和訳、説明問題で思うような点数が取れないのですね。

それでは順に、考えうる点数が取れない原因と、その対策としてのおすすめの勉強法をお伝えして行きたいと思います！

まず、英文和訳について。思うように点数が取れない、取りこぼしがあるということは、実際にテストなどで訳し終わった後に、ご自身の中でも釈然としない感覚が残ると思います。英文和訳でつまずく原因として挙げられるのは、

①知らない英単語が含まれている
②構文が見抜けない

この主に2つに分けられるのではないでしょうか。

①に関しては英単語帳をひたすらやる。これに尽きます。どんなに英語が得意な受験生でも、入試直前の、最後の最後まで単語帳はめくります。それくらい、英単語はいくら覚えても足りないくらい存在するということです。
  おすすめの英単語帳はターゲット1900です。8割程完璧になったらパス単準1級など、次の単語帳を回しましょう。

②の構文が見抜けない。これは皆さん経験があるはずです。英単語の意味はわかる。しかし、順に訳してみてもどうも日本語がおかしい。これは大抵、倒置などの構文に気付かず、頭から訳してしまっている場合が多いです。
  構文の勉強法でおすすめの参考書は、(大前提として基本的な文法がマスターされているものとしますが)
ポレポレです。こちらをやっておけば国公立から最難関私大まで、構文でつまずくことは段違いに減ります。

以上が大まかな点の取れない原因とその解決策です。上記で挙げた参考書をある程度やったら、ポラリスや、やっておきたい英語長文シリーズをやることをオススメします。

英語は経験値がものを言います。英単語、構文、文法…などが大切だと言いましたが、極論、英語は量で補えるものが多いです。帰国生は文法はさっぱりだが、日常的に触れているが故に英文和訳や英作文、読解はお手の物だという人が非常に多いです。

英語独特の言い回しであったり、ニュアンスに慣れることが重要なのです。


そして最後に説明問題について。こちらは、下線部の部分を文脈の中で捉えることが重要です。
①下線部の内容をしっかり理解すること
②前後の文もしっかり理解すること

下線部に指示語があったら見逃してはいけません。その指示語が何を指しているのかは、前後の文を理解していればわかるはずです。

長々と書きましたが、英語は基本を疎かにしたら成り立たないということです。
英単語帳、文法、構文を学んだ上で演習量を確保する。これが英文和訳、ひいては説明問題で点を取れるようになっていく、確実な最短ルートなのです。

英語の勉強に終わりはないので辛いかもしれませんが、その分偏差値が安定してきた時の喜びはひとしおです。ぜひ地道にコツコツ頑張ってくださいね😊2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=wHKEIW4aClj8OLR","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"記述とマーク"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",0,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"1/13 22:14"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-1","children":"英語において、マークと記述で問われる力は全く異なると言っても過言ではないでしょう。特に京都大学の場合それが顕著に出ます。気をつけてください。\n具体的に見ていきますと、センター試験は本当によくできた試験で、総合的で基礎的な英語力をうまく問うています。文法から読解まで幅広い力が問われるでしょう。対して記述試験では、文法などの基礎的な力よりも、より実践的な力が問われることが多いです。読解と英作文で大半を占めることが多いでしょう。\nここまで見てきた通り、そもそも守備範囲が異なるということが挙げられます。まず、両方のテストで、自分がどの大問で多く点を取り、どの大問で落としたかを見てみてください。もしかして、英作文が苦手ではありませんか？これは記述特有で問われる分野だからです。(ただし、英作文に必要な力、例えば英作文のための文法や適切な文構成などはセンターでも問われます)\nまた、読解と一口に言っても、センターと記述では大きく異なるのも事実です。センター試験では多くの分量を早く正確にこなすことが求められます。また、極端に言うと、和訳する必要がない問題形式でもあります。英語を英語のまま意味を取り英語で答えることができればかなりいい点が取れるでしょう。また、先ほども言ったように速さが重要で、処理能力も試されています。対して記述英語は、こってりとした文章をしっかり解釈させるものが多いでしょう。この際日本語で解答させるものも少なくないので、和訳力と言うのが存分に試されます。語彙も、知らないものが出てくることが多いでしょう。これは知らない単語をいかに推測・表現するかと言う部分を試されているともいえます。このように、日本語力も重要になってくるのが記述英語でしょう。\nこのように必要な能力が双方で異なっているのです。自分の弱点と得意を今一度見直し、これからの対策に役立ててください。\n\n対策の仕方は、その苦手分野によるかと思いますので、もし気になるようでしたら、分野ごとの点の取り方を見た上でまた質問してください。お待ちしています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"模試"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"記述模試も受けた方が良いと思います。\n\nマーク形式は、理解があやふやでも正解を選べてしまうことがあります。\n一方で、記述形式は自力で答えを出すため、理解が浅いと完璧には答えられません。誤魔化すような書き方をすれば、減点されてしまいます。\n\nつまり、記述模試の方が本当の実力が反映されやすいのです。\n\nまた、全ての基礎は記述にあります。特に英語と国語はそうです。\n英語の長文を読むときは、頭の中で「どんな意味か？」を考えながら読みます。国語の選択問題は、選択肢を見る前におおまかな解答を決めると精度が上がります。\n\n自分の理解度を確認し、志願者の中でどの位置に居るかをより正確に測ることが出来ると思います。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"模試になると解けない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"シスタンさん、初めまして！\n\n個別指導塾で働いていた際に、マーク式では点数が取れるけど、記述模試になるとなかなか点数を出せない、というような悩みはけっこう多かったです。\n実際に私も受験期の最初の頃は同じことで悩んでいました！\n\nまず考えられる理由は何個かあります。\n\n1. マークでは勘でたまたま点数が取れていた\n\n2. 知識が曖昧\n\n3. 記述模試の形式になれていない\n\nただ、質問者さんは英検2級と準1級でかなり点数が取れているので、1番の勘は違うかなと思います。\n2級でも十分に難しいですから、勘では9割はいかないです。\n\nなので、おそらく2番と3番だと思います。\n\nマーク式などでは、正確な文法や単語の知識がなくても、ある程度の曖昧な知識でも正解にもっていくことはできます。\n一部で明確な和訳はできずとも、ニュアンスや何となくの意味は掴めると言うような状態です。\n\n日常生活やこれから大学で論文などを読む際にはそれでも大丈夫かとは思いますが、記述模試ではやはり正確に解答しないと点数がもらえません。\n\nもし2番の理由が当てはまりそうなら、長文や文法問題などを構文などを意識してきっちり和訳してみて、解説の和訳と比較してみてください。\nもしそこで部分的にでもきっちりと和訳できていないなと感じたら、もう少し文法の練習が必要かもしれないです。\n\n次に3番の理由です。仮に2番の理由が当てはまらず、正確に文法などがわかって和訳できているなら、記述模試の形式に慣れていないだけかもしれません。\n\nマーク式と記述式では問題を解く際の考え方が全然違う場合もあるので、少し慣れが必要です。\nただ、これは今後記述式をたくさん解いていく中で慣れていくと思いますので、高2の段階ならそこまで気にしなくても大丈夫です！\n\n\n\n長くなってしまいましたが、質問者さんの場合は英語に関してけっこう基礎自体はできていると思います。なので、2番の理由であっても、文法や構文の正確性をもう少し上げるだけで、すぐに点数が伸びると思います！\n\n参考になれば嬉しいです😀\n無理のない範囲で頑張ってください！\n\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"記述模試も受けた方がいいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"もちろん受験する意味はあります。特に国語と社会においては。\n国語に関してはマーク式の問題だと、どうしても選択肢を消去法して解くやり方に依存しがちです。もちろん大学別対策としてこの解き方はよい解き方となりうる場合は多々ありますが、正攻法ではありません。まだ練習段階の模試では、自らで考え出した答えに近い選択肢を選ぶということが理想的な解き方です。それの指標となるのが記述模試だと考えてもらえれば納得してもらえるかと思います。\n社会に関しては、これは河合塾の記述模試等が顕著なのですが、私大入試レベルの問題はマーク式(センター向け)の模試では扱いきれません。また記述模試といっても、数百文字書かせるような模試はそんな多くなく、ほとんどが語句を書かせたりといった比較的私大入試向けの問題となっていると思います。知識を深めるという点でも受験されることをおすすめします！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"記述模試で点を落とす 英文和訳と説明問題の対策"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。一橋大学法学部1年の つき と申します。\n\n記述模試の英語で的を得た解答をするのが難しい、とのことですが、英文を論理的に読むようにしていますか。たしかに感覚頼みでも単語が分かればある程度英文は読めますが、大学入試英語においては安定性に欠けます。知らない単語があったら躓いてしまいます。\n\n英文法･構文を徹底的にやり込む事をおすすめします。英文法･構文を正しく理解することができれば、英文を論理的かつかなり正確に読めるようになり、英文和訳で困ることは無いです。また、説明問題は国語力も問われますが、格段と取っ付きやすくなります。また、最近2年の一橋英語の大門2は、文法をメインとした問題となっています。来年もこのような形式で出題されると考えて対策すべきです。(入試後の掲示板を見たところ、結構点差が着いています)。\n\n私は駿台の難関英語の授業を取ってそれらを習得しましたが、英文法･構文の参考書も併用していました。それらを紹介させていただきます。\n\n英文法『 Vintage』\n受験に必要な文法事項･イディオムが載っており、右側のページの解説を読めば受験英語の基礎となる文法を叩き込めます。もう既にお持ちのようでしたら、不安な単元をもう一度確認してみてください。\n\n英語構文『 英語構文の透視図』\n英文法をしっかり身につけてから、夏休み頃に取り組めると良いです。一橋英語を読むうえで必要となる英語構文を身につけることができます。難易度は高いかもしれませんが、必ず力になります。最後の問題は、昔の一橋のものでした。是非最後まで辿りついて見てください。\n\n\nさいごに、英文法･構文がある程度固まってきたら、英文を全訳してみてください。一橋の赤本でやってみるのが良いです。過去問20年分を訳せ、だなんて鬼言わないので、数年分を訳して見てください。最初は短めの文章からでも大丈夫です。時間はかかりますが、自分の力を試せます。\n\n健闘をお祈りしています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["一橋大学法学部"," 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