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19:T15a6,はじめまして！

英作文の勉強は実は結構難しいです。
というのも、そもそも解答の方向性は人によってバラバラなので、模範解答があまり役に立たないからです。英文和訳は書かれている内容の翻訳なので多少の差異はあれど方向性は同じです。何より日本語を書けとなっても母国語なので破綻することはないので意味を取ることに全集中できます。しかし英作文はまず問われている内容を理解して自分で文章を考え、それを破綻なく書き上げないといけない、などとやらなければいけない工程が多いです。

ではどう対策すればいいか、です。
まず第一に、単語、文法、構文を網羅する必要があります。たとえ素晴らしい内容がかけていても英語として破綻していたら点は入りません。これは英作文を対策する上でなくてはならないパートです。しかし英作文の参考書などではあまり十分に網羅していません(なぜならそれは英作文ではなく文法の参考書になるから)。なのでまずやるべきは単語、文法、構文の勉強です。
単語、文法、構文が一通り網羅できたら、英文を書き上げる練習です。これは自分で丸つけするよりも第三者に添削してもらうのが一番確実です。こたさんは浪人されているとのことで、この段階でいいと思います。予備校の先生にお願いして添削してもらうとよいです(大手予備校なら何かしらそういう制度があるはず)。
参考書・問題集は基本的にどれでもいいですが、ものによってはフレーズ集みたいなのが付属しているものもあります。｢こういう展開の時はこのフレーズが使える｣みたいなのは引き出しとして持っておくといざという時に便利なので、そういうのが充実しているものを選ぶのも手です。

とりあえず勉強法について説明してみました。
次は英作文をするにあたって個人的に気をつけていたことです。
京都大学は穴あきの英作文(英文の空白を自分で埋める)が出たので、前後の繋がりがおかしくならないかを意識しました。上で書いたように英語として破綻していないのは大前提ですが、それに意識がいって論理的に破綻していては意味がありません。慣れない時は日本語で内容を考えてからそれを英訳すればいいと思います。神戸大学はそういう問題は出ないと思いますが、ただ本当に自由に文章を作っていいという訳はなく、必ずテーマみたいなのが与えられるはずです。そこから外れない内容にするという意識は重要です。
神戸大学の英作文の出題意図に「自分の意見や考えを論理的に表現できるか」みたいなのがあったと思います。ただ世間一般で流布されている考えを書いても評価に値しないと言う意味にもとれますが、正直そこまで厳しく判断できません。むしろ逆手にとって、何かしらの問題提起に世間ではどういう意見があるのか知っておくと問題に出会った時に手が動くと思います。一番怖いのが、英文を書き上げる能力は鍛えても試験当日何を書けばいいのかわからず手が動かんかった、という状況です。試験科目で面接がある学部とかはニュースを日々見ておくという対策をしているという話もあります。最近だとテレビニュースよりもXの方がそういう情報が簡単かつ簡素に入手できます(もちろんそれに1日何時間もかけては意味ないですが)。
最後に、段落構成です。神戸大学は数十文字なので段落は作らない文量ですが、文章の組み立て方として知っておくと良いです。Yes or Noを問われている問題に対してはまず自分の意見がYesなのかNoなのかをまず書き、その次にその理由を展開します。よくカッコつけて結論を最後に持ってくる人がいますが、利き手への配慮に欠けるというので世間一般的にはあまり良くない印象です(実は就活でも一緒です)。よくある例だと、「世間一般ではこういう意見があるがあなたはどう思うか」に対して「私は賛成である。なぜなら〜」といった感じ。これはYes or No以外でも同じです。「〜に対してあなたはどう思うか」に対して「私はこう思う(一言くらい)。なぜなら〜」といった感じ。訓練して身につけるというより意識して書くと言った感じなので、日々の演習で結論を先に書くようにすれば自然と身につくと思います。ハイパートレーニング自由英作文を使っているとのことですが、大矢先生は英作文に定評のある方なので、もっと細かく具体的な書き方のコツみたいなのを紹介しているかもしれません。実際に解いて見なくとも、説明のページを目を通すだけでも勉強になると思います。

以上です。
何かもっと聞きたいなどあればコメントください。
それでは勉強頑張ってください！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=wBV3EGsBTqPwDZPuqDeP","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"英作文が難しい"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",9,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"6/1 9:36"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"skyline","infoString":"高3 東京都 大阪大学志望","adviceId":"wBV3EGsBTqPwDZPuqDeP"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"こんにちは、現高3です。\n英文法の勉強をしていて、センターのような文法の選択問題は解けるのですが、いざ英作文をするとなると、書けなくてつまってしまいます。\n本番の国立の2次の英語では、自由英作文もあるため、この先そのような問題ができるか心配です。\n出来るようになるためにどのような勉強をすれば良いか教えてください。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_A6651BAA0EE843319DA11E1B29367F6D.jpg?alt=media&token=f5eba064-58cf-448c-96ef-705a12b47951","adviserName":"しみしみ","adviserDepartment":"北海道大学水産学部","adviceId":"wBV3EGsBTqPwDZPuqDeP"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"こんにちは。英作文の勉強法についての質問ですね。\n\n私の志望した北海道大学でも英作文の問題が出ていました。私が受験生の頃にしていた勉強法またはコツを書いていきます。\n\n勉強法といっても、英作文の場合は、ある程度（センター試験レベル）の単語力があるならば、とにかく書いてみることが一番良いと思います。\n\n作文を自分で採点・添削するのは難しいので、学校の先生などにお願いしてしてもらうのをオススメします。\nもしも英語の授業や定期テストで英作文を扱うなら、先生に質問するチャンスです。\n\n続いて実際に書くときのコツについてです。\n\nまず、問題のテーマを見て、書きたい内容の筋道を立てます。\n書き始めてから考えていると、自分が今何を書いているのか、何を書きたいのか分からなくなってしまうことがあります。\n時間制限の中で焦るとは思いますが、たとえば「〇〇分間は内容を考える」と時間を決めて、きちんと内容の筋道を立ててることをオススメします。日本語で書く内容のメモを取っても良いと思います。\n\nもう一つのコツとして、記憶があやふやな単語・文法事項は使わないことです。英作文で見られるのは、文章がテーマに合っているか と 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文 文法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英作の質問と文法の質問とに分けて答えます。\n\n【英作について】\n英作では、よく言われることですが「絶対に見たことある表現を使う」が鉄則です。ですから、自信のない単語や文法は使う必要はありません。例えば、英作で倒置法を使ったり、ifの省略などをわざわざ使う必要はありません。要は、英作と文法は切り離して考えた方が良いと思います。\n自分の場合、「よくばり英作文」という参考書で、使えそうな例文を暗記し、それを単語を組み替えたりしながら繋ぎ合わせることで、英作文を作っていました。\n\n【文法について】\nvintageやネクステなどが参考書的には良いと思います。これらの参考書を答えを覚えるくらい周回したなら、他の選択肢がなぜ間違ってるかを考えましょう。また、それもぶっちゃけ飽きてしまったというなら、\"英文法ファイナル問題集\"というのをオススメします。こちらは、文法問題がランダムに出るので、実践向けで場合あります。\npujuさんの今回の質問だと、どの参考書をやってるのかなどが分からず、どのレベルでつまずいてるのか分からないので、あまり細かいことまで言及できませんから、何かあったらまた質問してください。また、他の方が答えている文法の勉強の仕方も参考にしてみてください。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学2年のものです。僕も早稲田の試験を受けましたし、東大の試験でも英作文が課されていましたので少しだけアドバイスさせてください。\nやはり、英作文で大切なことは簡単に英語でかけるようなことをとにかく思い着くことです。1番やっちゃいけないのが文法のミスです。これは確実に点数が引かれますが、幼稚な内容のものでも文法ミスさえなければ基本的に点数は引かれません。(なんて東大の先生が、入試の英作文問題がいかにテキトーかを嘆いていたことが…)ですからとりあえず文法ミスだけ気をつけてください。\nあとはどのように内容を考えたらいいかですね。まず大事なことは、自分の本当の意見と違ったとしてもやはりテキトーに理由を並べることができそうな方の立場で書くことです。自分のほんとの意見を書こうとする練習は大学に入ってからすればいいことです。\nニュースの内容を詰め込むのはやんなくてもいいんじゃないですかね。色々なトピックになれるという意味ではいいかもしれませんが、時間もかかりますし費用対効果というかいわゆるコスパが良くないと思います。ここは１つ、気を楽にして中学生でも考えられるような議論でいいやという風に割り切っていいと思いますよ。\n例えば、選挙権を18歳に引き下げることについてどう思いますか、なんてありそうですよね。\nこういうのは、\n反対\n18歳というのは高校生の年齢、まだ若い、色々なことがわかってない、知識がない、大学に入ればもうちょっと知識を増やせる、日本国内のことも知れるようになる、\n確かに、若い人たちの意見は重要かもしれない、新たな視点が入る、新しい発見があるかもしれない\nでも、やっぱり勉強のたりない若者の考えることは大人でも思いつく、学力不足の人が選挙権を持つことのデメリット方が大きい\nだから反対\n\nこんな風に言ってることは全く大したことないです。このくらいのことは練習してれば思いつけるようになります。でも実は、確かに〜だけれど、みたいな評論にあるあるの手法も用いたりすれば、形になります。やっぱり英作文は慣れが1番です、知識の内容は増やしても英作文を思いつけるようにはならないので、このような議論の展開方法みたいなものを試して見てください。そのうちできるようになりますよ。英作文はできるようになるのにそんなに時間もかかりませんから大丈夫です。頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"これからの英作文のプラン"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"慶應経済で、和文英訳、自由英作文やったので回答します。\n①について。\n３つの教材を実際に使ってないので詳細にはアドバイスできませんが、英作対策の教材量は十分すぎるのでそれらを10月あたりまで何周もしてください。英作文は何周もすることがすごい意味があるので周回するといいと思います。それ以降は過去問を使って対策してください。これも何度も書いて添削してもらってください。英作文のテキストなどに解答はついてはいますが、実際自分の書くものと同じなんてことはないと思います。なので必ず添削をしてもらって、また書き直して、というのを繰り返すことが大切です。\n一つアドバイスとしては、時制を間違ったら付箋に時制ミス、主語と動詞の単複を間違ったら主語と動詞の不一致などと書いてどこかに貼っておくと次に英作文意識しやすくなったのでオススメです。それと先生によって言うことが全く違うので信用できる人を1人選んでその人に毎回見てもらうといいと思います。\n\n②について。\n例文暗記は英作文の対策としては必ずプラスになるとおもいます。しかし、大量の例文暗記に自分は挫折したのであまりオススメしません。\n実際書けるようになった理由としては、構文、熟語などをしっかり英作で使えるようにしたからだと思います。\n\n\n例）\n\n「どうしても〇〇してしまう」といった和文を見た時にすぐこの構文を使うんだなって出てきますか？\n\n\n\n\nこの場合はcannot help 〜ingを自分だったら使います。このようにこの時はこれを使う、とか語法とかがすごい重要になるのでそれをたくさんインプットしていました。そうすると自由英作でも自分の頭で和訳がすぐに英訳につながるんですよね。その繰り返しでだんだん翻訳スピードが上がってくると思います。\n例文暗記がきつかったら、このようにこの時はこの構文使うみたいなのをインプットして、自分で簡単な例文などを作ってみると良いと思います。\n\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["慶應義塾大学法学部"," ","りー"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"予備校には通っていますか？英作文は、一人で練習していてもなかなか上達しにくいものです。予備校の先生などに、どんどん添削をお願いしてみましょう。\nまた、英作文はある程度は例文を暗記して似た表現を利用することが大事だと思います。私はセンター後に20ヶ年の赤本の英作文を徹底的に解答例を覚えてしまうくらい練習しました。\n覚えた文を使うところが無い、というのは、日本語から日本語への変換がうまく出来ていないんだと思います。問題文は小難しい日本語を使っていますが、それをいかに簡単な日本語、文構造に変換するかが大事です。採点の際も、意味がしっかりとれていれば簡単な構造の英文でもしっかり採点してもらえるはずです。その思考力を練習によって身につけましょう。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"過去問での英作文について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お答えします(^^) \n\n結論から言うと英作文の勉強は10月からでも大丈夫です。なるべく10月までに英作文に必要な単語や文法などの基礎を固めておいてください。\n\n英作文のやり方ですが何も見ずにやったほうが良いと思います。その代わり時間は気にしなくて良いです。自分の納得あく解答を作るまでやってみてください。\n\nなんでこんなことをするかというと自分で考える力が身につくんです。日本語でわかりにくい単語や文章がでてもそれを簡単な英語に直す必要があります。大学側が英作文に求める能力ってそこらへんの臨機応変が効くかどうか、単語を正しく使えているかどうか、が大きいんです。\n\nなので最初は出来なくても良いので取りあえずやってみて学校の先生なり、塾の先生なりに採点してもらってください。そして採点してもらってたらまた直されたところを直して頭にしっかり入れて次に進むようにしてください。\n\nこれで英作文はできるようになるはずです。ある程度の量をこなす必要はありますが慣れたらどこの問題より楽に思えるはずです。本番では英作文で満点を取れるように頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"自由英作文！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"\n一橋志望だったので、答えさせてもらいます。\n\n英語に関しては、自分のやり方が確立されていて順調そうですね！\n\n高2のこの時期から、段階的に英作文をやるとなると、基本的には、例文暗唱です。使える例文を増やすことが大事になりますね。自分は、よくばり英作文ってやつを使ってましたが、他にも例文集のようなのはたくさんあると思うので、どれか1冊選んで、高3始まる前までに完璧にしてみてください。\n\nまた、実際に書いてみたいって思うんだったら、1週間に１つ英作を書く程度で大丈夫です。それをしっかり添削してもらえるんだったら、その文を完璧にできるまでやってください。\n\n英作で大切なことは、\n1、文法的なミスをしない。\n2、因果関係とかが分かりやすく、理路整然としている。\n3、上記の２つを短時間で、どんな話題に対しても書けるようになる\n\nです。\n\n3に関しては、練習していくうにできるようになると思います。\n\n1、2に関しては最初から意識できると思うので、\n英作文をやる際には、この２つを意識してみてください。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文の勉強方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは〜！\n\n｢一応英訳ができる｣ところから始める英作文の勉強法、ということですね。\n\nまず、｢質問に行くのが苦手でどこが間違っているか分からない｣という点ですが、これに対応できるハイコストパフォーマンスの勉強法として、｢chatGPTでの英作文添削｣を強くオススメします！！！\n\n英訳問題の場合、\n｢~~~~~~~~(問題の答え)\n\n次は上の文の英訳です\ncefr b1 b2 の基準で100点満点で採点し文法、語法の間違いを丁寧に解説してください\n解説は日本語で書いてください\n\n~~~~~~~~(自分の回答)｣\nと入力しましょう。｢cefr b1 b2…？｣と思われるかもしれませんが、これは日本の大学受験のレベルを世界共通基準として指定したもので、この指示を入れることで｢受験英作文にはオーバースペックな添削｣を防ぐことができます。GPT4ではないchatGPTの処理は、内部で翻訳を挟んでいるため、｢日本の大学受験レベル｣と指定するよりcefrで指定する方が正確な出力が期待できる、という背景があります。\n\n\n次に、復習、主に暗記に関してですが、\n・ドラゴンイングリッシュ\n・基礎英作文問題精講\n・鉄壁\nのいずれか、又は自分で選んだテキストの例文を全て暗記し(鉄壁や自分で選んだテキストの場合取捨選択で100〜200文に絞る)その文の表現を引き出して繋げていけるようになる、というのがオススメです。\n授業で分からない表現に遭遇した時は、まず暗記した例文の表現内で書けるかを深く検討し、どうしても厳しいようであれば新たに暗記する、というやり方が良いと思います。\n\nという訳で、質問以外での英作文の添削、復習と暗記の方法についてでした。\n質問者さんの英作文技術の向上に貢献出来たのならば嬉しいです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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