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\n\nそのためこれを大幅に下回る、オーバーするということは要素が足りていなかったり、余計なものが入っていたりする可能性が高いです。\nまた直感的に書き出してしまい、要素のつなぎの部分がダラダラ長く、意味のない日本語になってしまっている場合もあります。\n\nそして、書き出した要素を自然な日本語で繋げてあげれば綺麗な解答になるはずです。自分で考えて書く日本語はここだけでオッケーです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_48H2YdrWkNKXHK7Y.jpg?alt=media&token=8b486a9c-1b32-4e7b-9397-28ecb873baad","adviserName":"Jou1211","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学総合政策学部","adviceId":"uFSY4ZngmwVEP51h","numberOfFan":241,"clipsAvg":14.239583333333334,"adviceRateAvg":4.633333333333334,"profile":"高校2年生までほとんど勉強をせず、偏差値オール40から受験勉強を始めました。\n\n慶早進学塾、というベンチャー学習塾に入塾。\n英語を中心に偏差値は全て15以上上昇し、現役時第一志望だった明治大学政治経済学部に合格しました。\n\n1度は明治大に進学しましたが、慶應義塾への強い憧れが捨てきれず、9月から仮面浪人を始めました。\n5ヶ月の仮面浪人生活で英語の偏差値は58から68へ、数学の偏差値は65から72まで引き上げ、憧れの慶應義塾大へ進学できました。\n\n現在は慶早進学塾で英語を中心とした講師をしながら、のんびりと学生生活を送っています。\n\n勉強法からメンタル面まで、メッセージでの相談もお待ちしてます。\n"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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mb-1","children":"英文要約、難しいですよね…\n\n私も昨年度、本当に要約ができなくて、質問者さんと同じように、ここで質問しました。そうしたら、要約はみんなできないのでそこまで気にしなくていいから、他の大問に時間を割いた方がいいかも、というような内容を言っていただきました。\n\n私は対策の仕方を教えてもらいたかったんだけど…と最初は思ったのですが、結局そうなんですよね。もちろんあの問題が得意な方もいると思いますが、ぶっちゃけ要約ではそこまで差がつかないです。むしろ大問2や3の方が、配点も高いと言われていますし、対策をしたらその分伸びやすいです。\n\n一応私が意識していたポイントをお伝えします。文・文構の要約問題で大切なのは、“自分の言葉で”という点です。文章中に出てきた単語を全く使ってはいけない、という意味ではないのですが、その文章の中で特別な使い方をされていたり、カンマで囲われていたりする単語などは、言い換えなくてはなりません。これが結構難しいので、日頃から文章の言いたいことを自分の言葉でまとめる練習を重ねるなどの対策が有効かと思います。\nイディオムを覚えておくと語数を短くおさめることが可能なので、おすすめです！\n\nただ、要約は時間をかけた分だけ伸びる、ということが少ない気がします。私自身、塾の先生に添削をお願いしていましたが、やっとマシになったかな"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應文学部小論文 要約の勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"ネタ本とか買って雑学的なの身につけるといいかな。あとは文学部だったら、17専攻あって、質問者さんがどの専攻興味あるかわからないけれど、興味あるor書けそうな分野の前提知識みたいなのをちょっと身につけておくといいかも。\nちなみに回答者は、英米文学専攻の言語学になんとなく関心があって、小論は英語と日本語の同義語の比較と文化の関係みたいな話から書いたよ笑(そんな大した内容じゃないけど笑) そのまま本当に英米文学専攻いって、卒論もそんな内容で書いたのよね！\n\nまあそれは置いといて。\n要約ができないのはけっこう痛いかな。全体像わかってないってことだから。主観的に読みすぎてるのかも？文章の言いたいことをまずずばり一行くらいでまとめ、そこから200字くらいでいいから、結局この文の言いたいところからまとめてみるといいかな。\n\nあと、例は3つくらい用意したら、どんな内容きてもその３つに引き寄せて書く練習するといい。\n回答者は、言語学か心理学か、あともう一つは忘れたけれど、それぞれの分野でどんなこと書くかあらかじめフォーマットを準備してて、そのどれかに引き寄せて書く練習をしてたよ。あと自分の主張の一貫性も重視しながら。\n\nそれから、問われていることに答えられないのは、その問いの意味を十分理解できていない可能性が高いよね。\n小輪はある程度自由にできるけれど、問いの意味、つまり求められていることに的確に答えられるようにするのは必要。そこは国語力だから、回数重ねたり解説ちゃんと聞いたりして補ってこう。\n\nというかんじ。とりあえず試してみてね。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應文学部の英語について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"要は要約問題ですね。\n\nただ書いてあることを羅列するのは危険です。辞書持ち込みがこのことを示すように。内容をしっかり読み取れれば英語でかなり差がつきます。\n\n解法\n1.main ideaと各パラグラフの内容をとりあえずまとめる。\n2.字数オーバーするので、問いと直接関係ないとこは削る。\n3.無駄な言葉、同じことは省く。\n\nこれで、簡潔な内容に内容を示すことができます。さらに直接書かれていないことを含めると打ち抜けますが、慣れるまではやらなくて大丈夫です🙆‍♂️\n\n〉大事なこと！〈\n問題に対応させることです。基本的に問題が抽象を示すなら、解答で具体化させる。内容を示せなら必ずその内容のとこから引っ張る。余計なことは書かない。\n\n対策\n東大の過去問オススメですよ！\n僕はまとめる系の問題では東大結構使いました。\nあとは、読解力ですね。今年の問題は簡単でしたけど、年によって解釈しづらかったり内容がイマイチわからないときあります。日本語に訳す作業をしすぎないようにすることがポイントです。和訳の作業に気が向きがちですが、そうではありません。僕はオックスフォードの英英辞典を使って出来るだけ、英語本来の意味を考えるようにしました。\nなぜ、慶文が辞書を持ち込めるのか考えてみましょう。文学部が何をする学部なのか。\nおそらくは、単純な和訳作業では気づかない、英語の生の意味を気づいて欲しいからでしょう。言語の翻訳には必ず恣意的なものが含まれてしまいます。それでも、深く思慮し、正しい意味を読み取れるようにしましょう。\n\n頑張ってください。\n\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田大学文学部 英語 要約問題の書き方について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"初めまして、早稲田大学文化構想学部のペンギンです。よろしくお願いします！\nこの時期から要約に手が回っているのすごいです！私は昨年のこの時期、長文さえまともに読めていませんでした…。あれは結構面倒な問題で、色々な噂がありますが、力を使うわりにあまり配分が高くないんだとか。差がつく問題ってほどでもないので、そこまで焦らなくても大丈夫だと思います。\nその上でまず形式ですが、500語程度の文章を”自分の言葉で”まとめるというものです。4年ほど前からは、書き出しが与えられていて、その後ろを4〜10語でまとめなさいという出題に変わりました。非常に短いので、しっかりと要点を掴まなくてはなりません。私は塾の先生に、「文章を読み切った後のに感じる印象を大切にしてほしい」と言われました。最後の3行ぐらいでガラッと話が変わることがありますが、そういう時は後半の内容を重視した方がいい、と。また、文法があっていれば余程のことがない限り１点は貰えるらしいので、気をつけてみてください。\nあとは、慣れですね。最初は意味が分からなくても場数を踏めば少しづつ掴めてくるはずです。まさに私がそうでした。文化構想学部の英語も全く形式が同じなのでぜひたくさん解いてみてください！\n少しでもお役に立てたら嬉しいです！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田　要約対策"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です！\n\n文学部・文化構想学部英語の、大問5のことですね。これは対策が難しい問題の一つですよね。\n\nまず一つ言っておきたいのが、とりあえず大問4までの正答率を上げることを優先してほしい、ということです。語彙問題は覚えるしかないのが現状ですが、空欄補充などは慣れが必要です。逆に言えば、最初解けなくても何度も挑戦しているうちにだんだんコツがつかめてきます！\nまた、点数配分は公開されていないものの、この問題は5点くらいではないかと言われています。さらに、文字数と文法があっていれば、よほどのことがない限り1点はもらえるそうです。ということで、まずは前半の問題を優先することをお勧めします！\n\nとはいえ、何も対策しないのは不安ですよね。\n文・文構の要約で一番のポイントは、字数制限があり、それがかなり短いことだと思います。短いからラッキー！と思いきや、意外とまとめるのに苦労しますよね。\nそのため私は普段の長文演習から、長い文章を短い一文にまとめる、ということをしていました。英語が理想ではありますが、最初は日本語でも大丈夫です。\n\nまた、短い言葉で適切な言い回しができるように、イディオムを積極的に覚えるようにしました。この際、普通の文法問題集ももともと使っていたのですが、素っとそれを使うのも飽きるなと感じたため、整序問題集を使うことにしました。塾の先生に勧められた、「全解説頻出英語整序問題850」というものです。結構ボリュームはありますが、もし余裕があるならぜひ手に取ってほしいです。私は11月くらいから始めましたが何週かはできたので、そこまで慌てなくても大丈夫です。\n\n英作文の枠組みにされることが多いですが、より「文章の言いたいことを端的にまとめる」力が必要になってくると思います。そのため、言い換え表現などが出てきたときは積極的に覚える等すると、役に立つかもしれません！\n\n少しでもお役に立てれば嬉しいです。\n応援しています！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文の完成のためには？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"質問者様は英文和訳や和文英訳はかなり得意な方だという印象を受けました。\n全統模試偏差値70超え、すごいと思います。\n\n\nセンターの最後の大問で間違えるのは、また別の能力の部分です。\nそれは「要約力」です。\n\nまずはセンター過去問の最後の大問を使って、段落ごとに最も言いたいことをまとめる練習をしてみてください。\nまとめるのは英語ではなく、日本語でも大丈夫です。\n\n要約する上で意識することを簡単にまとめます。\n\n＊抽象と具体\n(具体例は要約では必要ない、抽象的なところをわかりやすくまとめたら要約になる)\n＊目的と手段\n(筆者は、登場人物は、何が目的で動いているのかをまとめたら要約になる。その目的のための手段の詳細の多くは省ける。)\n＊原因と結果\n(因果関係をハッキリとまとめたら、それが要約に使える。間違いの選択肢は因果関係がめちゃくちゃなことが多い。)\n\n以上を意識してみてください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田・文学部　英文要約について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お疲れ様です‼️また回答失礼しますね。\n\n要約のポイントは、\n無駄なことを書かない！\n話の核だけを抜き出すことです！\n\n無駄なこととは主に具体例です。\n話の核とはそれを加えなければ話が通じない、本筋通りにいかないものです。\n\nこれを理解できるようになるには、「論理的読解」力をつけなければなりません。\n論理的読解とは、文章の構成を理解し内容がわかることをいいます。構成を理解しているならば自分で内容を予測できる力とも言えます。\nex \n1段落目は一般論、導入、逆説してから主張、簡単な理由。\n2段落目で例や意見。\n3段落目で逆説や反対意見、例。\n4段落目でそれに対する意見や反論、データ。\n5段落目で主張の反復。\nといったくらいに受験の長文は綺麗な構成になっています。\n\n練習の段階で1度ゆっくり読んで、段落ごとに要約、そして役割を書き出してください。また、その役割を示す単語にも注意してください。(ディスコースマーカー)\n\n例えば、ButやHoweverの前後をみると、前には一般論、後ろには主張が来るとこが多いです。(特に大文字Butはほぼそう)\n\nというのも逆説をつかう利点は説得性を上げるためにあります。1度一般的な意見、みんなが信じ込んでいることを否定することで説得力を上げています。\n\nと言った具合に段落、文の役割を理解して何が重要かそうでないかを要約問題に限らず意識してみてください。\n私は要約問題がありませんでしたが、やった長文を要約していました。\n\n参考書や添削サービスですが、『英文解釈要約精巧』など人気がありそうですね。色々調べて書店で手に取ってみてください。また、個人メッセージで書いたものを送っていただければ時間の許す限りいつでも見てアドバイス出来るものはします。宜しかったらどうぞご活用ください。\n\nそれでは頑張ってください‼️"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文が読めても設問が解けない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"それは読めているとは言えません。\n\nまずは英語的な原因を潰しましょう。\n\n復習する際に、\n\n⑴わからない単語・熟語\n⑵理解できなかった構文\n\nを見つけましょう。これら2つが多い場合や、設問の回答根拠の部分にある場合は、英語的な知識や経験が原因と言えるでしょう。なので、語彙力や構文解釈を強化すればその問題点は解決されると思います。\n\n問題なのは、わからない単語・熟語や構文がなかった場合です。\n\nその場合に考えられるのは、ズバリ「国語力」です。これは割とあるあるなのですが、単純に読解力がネックになって英語が伸びない場合が多々あります。\n\nなので、現代文の力を伸ばしましょう。お勧めの参考書は「現代文読解力の開発講座」です。\n\nまた、早慶レベルになると、現代文で出てくるレベルの複雑な英文が出題されることも珍しくないので、英語を解く際も現代文を解く時と同じことを意識してみてください。\n\n例えば\n\n・選択肢の吟味(aは本文と逆のことを言っている、bは本文にはないことを言っている、cは言い過ぎ、などです)\n・単語の推測問題は私立の現代文に良く出る穴埋め問題だと思って解く\n\nなどです。何か不明点あれば追加でください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語 和訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"多くの場合、和訳の出題の意図は、\n①文構造が理解出来ているか\n②指示語の内容が理解出来ているか（「指示語をの内容を明らかにせよ」とあった場合）\n③文章の流れから、適切な和訳が導き出せるか（例えば、meansを意味と訳すか、手段と訳すか等）\nを問うことです。これらが理解出来ていることを採点者にはっきりと示せるように訳しましょう。\n\n⑴まずは和訳を指定された文だけ、丁寧に文構造の分析をしましょう。\n\n主語、動詞、補語、目的語を探す\n↓\n残りの修飾語句は意味のかたまりごとに括弧でくくる\n↓\n修飾語句がそれぞれどの語を修飾しているか見極める\n（指示語の内容が問われていれば、それも確認します。）\n\n⑵分析が出来たら、和訳をします。\n初めに主語を訳し、その後は文の後方から訳すと大抵上手くいきます。\nその際、従属節（副詞節）→主節、修飾語句→被修飾語句の順番を守りましょう。（例外あり）\n\n⑶最後に、訳出し忘れた部分がないか確認します。ガタガタな日本語になっていないかも確認しましょう。\n\n以上が基本です。\n\n例外パターンとして、\n・無生物主語の文\n    第一目的語（人称であることが多め）が主語にして訳す\n     ※論理関係が変わらないよう注意\n・関係詞節が長すぎる文\n    主文と関係詞節の文の２文に分けて訳す\n    関係詞節の文には、関係詞の指している先行詞を当てはめて訳す（上手いことやってください）\n・短すぎる文\n    SVOCや文の要素が明らかに抜けている文、短くてそれ単体ではほとんど内容の無い文、抽象度が高すぎる文、日本語にしても意味が通らない文などは、それまでの文章や文脈から言葉を補う必要がある場合がある\n\nなどがあります。が、この辺りにはあまり神経質にならなくて大丈夫です。\n\n以上です。これで、大体の和訳問題は解けるのではないでしょうか。慶應文の和訳問題は、抽象的な単語の意味を掴むのが難しかった印象です（違っていたらすみません）が、無理して美しい和訳をしようとせず、まずは基本を押さえることを念頭に置いてください。\n\n長文失礼いたしました。分からないところがあれば、質問してください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["慶應義塾大学法学部"," 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語長文を何となくでしか読めず、成績が伸びない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず、精読する価値がある文かどうかを文章の文脈的に判断が必要だと思います\n必要な時もあります 出来るだけ素早く正確な精読をする練習も必要でしょう\n長文は文のつながりを意識しながら、抽象具体での読む速度の緩急を使えば容量がつかめてくると思います\n\n空所補充は文脈判断と完全文法問題かのどちらかです\n文脈判断では前文までの文のつながりや、接続詞の論理関係、プラスかマイナスなどが狙われます\n文法問題は知識か、解釈が必要な問題です \n長文は問題を先に読むのも手です 設問だけでも良い、また選択肢まで読むのも一つの手\nただ、選択肢まで読む場合は軽くで良いです 嘘の選択肢が多く混ざっているので、大体の長文の内容を推測する助けに利用する程度です"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 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