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1d:Teab,こんにちは😃

現代文を解く上で最も大事なことはその文章が何を言いたいのかということを掴むことだと思います。
特に評論文などは筆者の主張が言葉を変えて、何回も登場してきます。だから、キーワードとなる語や繰り返し出てくる語にはチェックを付けて読んでいました。
また、二項対立で論じられている文章では一方の事柄については普通に線を引いて、もう一方の事柄については波線を引いていました。同じように筆者の中でプラスの事とマイナスの事も後から見て分かるように違うマークを付けて区別していました。共通テスト模試は時間制限も厳しく、丁寧な読解はなかなか厳しいですが、練習の中で主張の言い換えを見つけたり、対立軸を意識する事が大事になってくると思います。あと、当然ですが接続詞や文意を変えたりする表現には気をつけて読みましょう！
なので、現代文を解く上で身につける力としては、その文章の言いたいことをできるだけ早く見抜くことです。
なかなか難しいことですが、これに関しては問題演習をして経験値を積むしかないです。実際にペンを持って言葉と言葉をつなげたり、文章にマークや線を引く練習をしていくことが最初の内はベストだと思います。
とにかく、自分の中で筆者の意見や考えが分類できていることが分かり、整理されていれば大丈夫です🙆‍♂️
また、完璧に筆者の言いたいことが分からなくても全然オッケーです。あくまで、問題に正解することがやるべきことで、主張を理解するのはそのための足掛かりですから。

あと、選択肢を消す際に数字や記号のところを消すのではなく、間違っている箇所に印を付けるクセも大切です。一発で答えが出せる設問もありますが、共通テストレベルの問題でもイヤらしい問題が多く、その場合消去法でしか消せない時があり、わずかな違いが大切になってくるからです。
それから、質問者さんがどのような形で現代文を取り組んでるか分かりませんが設問を先に読んで問われることを先に分かっておくことは共通テストの現代文を速く解く秘訣だと思います。選択肢までは見ないですが、共通テスト特有の図表やグラフの問題は先に見ておくと結構すぐに解けることがあります。
最後に、私もいつもできたわけではないですが、自分と文の筆者、そして作問者の3者を問題を解く際に意識してました。なぜこの文章を大学側が出し、ここに傍線部を持ってきているのか、共通テストであれ、個別入試であれ国語という入学試験である以上必ず意味があるはずです。問題を作っている人の意図や大学側の伝えたいメッセージを考えながら俯瞰して読めことができるようになれば現代文に関しては大丈夫です。

現代文の読解は人それぞれなので私の読み方が必ずしも正しいとは限りませんが、是非参考にして下さい！

受けておいた方がいい模試に関しては河合塾の早慶レベル模試や代ゼミの早大入試プレなどです。
やはり冠模試は実際の受験者が多く受けるので、自分の立ち位置を知る上で非常に役に立ちます。

また、質問があればぜひ聞いてください！
1e:T17f0,私は今国語の塾講師をやっています。中学、現役の頃にはあんなにできなかった国語を。ただ、ある時、気付きのターニングポイントが自分にはあって、それからみるみる成績が上がっていきました。

今も講師をやっていて思うのですが。
私たちはやたらめったら「解ける」ことに主眼を置きがちです。他の科目の性質である“得点”を意識しがちです。

しかし、国語は読書となんら変わりのない教科です。そして読書には得点は絡みません。

つまり私が言いたいのは、解くことを一回やめてほしいということです。

国語という教科は第１関門に「読む」があり、第２関門に「解く」があります。すなわち、読めないと解けないようにできてるし、問題作成者も読めないような所にフォーカスを当てて設問を練ります。我々の読解力で読み解けるレベルに応じ、得点が出るように適宜問題の難度を並び替えつつ。全部同じレベルの問題を出してしまうと、しっかりとしたデータ集積がてきないので。

そして、ある程度意義がわかったところで本題に移ります。

文章は英語と同様、小さな単位から大きな単位まであります。語→文→段落→意味段落→文章の順に。しかしながら我々は日本語であるという理由だけに、英語は下から学習していくのに対し、国語はいきなり文章に飛びついてしまいます。

まずは、語から考えます。大学入試レベルともなると語彙力は高校入試よりはるかに上回ります。そこで概念などを一通り学べるよう、単語集を英語と同様にやっていきます。
・現代文キーワード読解[改訂版]
・ことばはちからダ!現代文キーワード―入試現代文最重要キーワード20 (河合塾SERIES)
・入試漢字マスター1800  (河合塾シリーズ)
と言ったものがオススメです。ちなみに、漢字も入れてありますがキーワードと漢字の参考書１冊ずつ完璧にするのが理想です。漢字問題集は漢字の設問を解くだけでなく、文章中に出てくる語彙の対策にもなるので甘くみてはいけません。

ここまでで、語は制覇できました。第１段階です。
第２段階として、今度は語が集まってできた文、文が集まってできた段落、段落が集まってできた文章へとフォーカスしていきます。
文と文、段落と段落については
・田村のやさしく語る現代文―代々木ゼミ方式
・現代文と格闘する (河合塾シリーズ)
と言ったものがオススメです。多分、こうやって言うと「解かないって言ってたやん！」とかツッコミ受けそうなのですが、この二冊は基本的に解くことに主眼を置かれてなく、読めているかどうかのチェックの問題がついてるだけで、実際の入試では到底出ないような問題です。

ここまでであらかた完了しているのですが、さらに文章読解を深めていくために、段落と段落の関係、さらには段落が集まってできた意味段落と意味段落同士の関係をより明確にできるような力の養成に入ります。
・高校生のための現代思想ベーシック ちくま評論入門 改訂版 (高校生のための現代文アンソロジー・シリーズ)
・高校生のための現代文ガイダンス ちくま評論文の読み方 (教科書関連)
この二冊は完璧に入試問題がついていません。読むためチェックはありますが。
ただこの二冊は聖光学院という東大輩出率の高い高校が夏休み課題として採用しているもので、東大出身者に定評のあるものです。
この２つで文章というものにダイレクトに向き合い、１つの文章を分析する力を養い、かつコンパクト化できるようにします。
結局のところ、現代文ができるというのは、文章を一読し、流れを理解しつつ内容をコンパクト化し、その上で設問に取り組めるということです。
この参考書では文章を読んでその流れを自分で予備校の先生みたいにチャート化できるよう努めてください。

そして、仕上げとして
・現代文読解力の開発講座 (駿台受験シリーズ)
で自分で実際に文章の流れを把握し、コンパクト化できているかチェックしてみてください。

ここまでくれば読みはオーケーです。そしたら遂に解く領域に入ります。もちろん過去問でも構いません。ただ導入としてオススメなのが
・現代文私大対策プラクティス―設問から攻める! (駿台受験シリーズ)
です。一通りの私大の現代文を体感するのにぴったりです。あとは
・入試現代文へのアクセス 基本編 (河合塾シリーズ)
も解説が丁寧なのでおススメです。

国公立の問題が入っているような参考書もあるかと思いますが、記述で書けないのに選択肢で選べるわけないので。
記述で解答を考える際にポイントとなるものを多く含んでいる選択肢が正解なわけで。
ちなみに消去法なんかずっとやってたらいつまでたっても伸びませんよ。

すごいでしょ？こんなに読みの参考書があったのに解きの参考書の量が圧倒的に少ないのは。でもそれだけ読みが重要だということです。
ここまでで多く語り尽くしたようにみえますが、実際はもっと語りたいことがあります。これ以上長くしても見る気を削ぐだけなので。とりまえず自分でできるように方向性は示せたと思います。

ぜひ頑張ってください。

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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文できません独学です(泣)"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"塾で教えてる中で私が見る限りの現代文ができない理由を羅列します。\n\n①語彙力、背景知識不足\n→これが一番多い原因な気がします。漢字は解けても、文章にある語句の意味を正確に理解してないってことが多いです。(例えば、パラダイムとか帰納、演繹、ア・プリオリとか)語句の意味がわからないと、文章の意味を掴めないばかりでなく、選択肢中にある言い換え表現もうまく掴むことが出来なくなってしまい、それが原因で選択肢を選び間違えるということが起こってしまいます。\n\nまた、背景知識に関してです。これは英語にもよくあることなのですが、例えばルネサンスがテーマの文章が出てくると、世界史選択の目線としてはなんとなくどのようなパターンの結論を導くか予想できます。このように背景知識のあるなしは現代文の成績に繋がると言えます。\n\n②傍線部周辺の情報に囚われすぎている\n→現代文において、問題になっている傍線部周辺に答えがある可能性は高いです。しかし、必ずしもそうとは限りません。\n\n特に共通試験やセンターの問題は「ここまでの内容を正確に読み取れているか？」という内容の問題ばかりです。なので、「答えを拾う」作業よりは、「該当箇所までの段落の趣旨は何なのか」を掴むことの方が正しい回答に直結します。\n\n傍線部周辺だけを見ていると、まさに「木を見て森を見ず」状態になってしまう訳です。\n\n以上の2つが非常に多いです。というか、この2つができれば、現代文はできると思います。\n\nなので、以上の2つを意識して取り組んでください。その際はがむしゃらに量をこなすのではなく、復習に時間をかけてください。\n\n「この文は全体で何が言いたいのか」\n「どのような技法(対比とか)が使われているのか」\n「なぜこの選択肢は違うのか」\n「どこを直せばこの選択肢は正しくなるのか」\n「なぜここから意味を読み取れなくなってしまったのか」\n\nなどをしっかり理解できるまでが復習だと思っています。\n\n一応、おすすめの参考書も書いておきます。\n①の原因→Z会のキーワード読解\n②の原因→現代文読解力開発講座\nが個人的にお勧めです。頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"点数を上げるためにやるべきことはなんですか？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"単語をノートにまとめることは悪いことではないですが、わからない単語があっても先にどんどん進んでいく力をつけることで語彙力不足を解消できる可能性があります。そのために、現代文読解の速度を上げる訓練と重要な点だけを読解しながらあぶり出していく感性を磨く訓練が大切です。\nZ会が出している『現代文キーワード読解』という本があります。\n実際に手にとってもらえれば説明するよりもよくお分かりいただけると思いますが、中には難しめの単語の説明と、その単語が出てくる短めの文章が掲載されています。\nその文章を毎日要約する練習をしてみましょう。一緒に、掲載されている難単語の意味も覚えましょう。\n文章下には、要約の模範解答も載っていますから、上手く要約出来ない場合は、本文を読んだ後に要約文と見比べて、どういったところを残し、どういったところを削っているのかという点をしっかり確認しましょう。\n慶應志望とのことですが、論文試験では学部を問わず要約が頻繁に出されます。\n要約の練習を今から始めておくことは決して悪いことではないはずです。\nそして何より、要約ができるということは、文の要旨と構造を把握する能力が高いということを意味しますから、現代文読解能力の向上に要約練習が有効なことは明らかです。\n結局現文は、解説を聞いて復習の際にそれを上からなぞるだけでは読解力向上は難しいのです。\nまず自分で解いてみる、そしてその上で解答を聞いて現文に向かう際の感性を養っていく必要があります。\n毎日根気よく取り組めば、個人差はあれど必ず感性は磨かれていきます。\n\n受験勉強頑張ってください。慶應でお待ちしています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文 過去問復習はどうすればいいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まずは、①〜③の復習は非常に効果的だと思うので、それはそのまま継続してください。\n\n\nその上でお勧めしたいのは「要約又は論理構成図を書く」ことです。\n\n\n一般的な現代文の場合、英語のように一文一文を正確に読むというよりは、文章全体を見て何がどのように論じられているのかを読み取る方が大切です。なので復習の際には時間をかけていいので文章全体の論理の流れを明確にしてみましょう。\n\n\n例えば150字くらいで要約を書く場合、以下のステップでやると良いでしょう。\n⑴段落ごとの要旨を1,2行でまとめる（小要約）\n⑵小要約を全て繋げる\n⑶重複する内容を消したり日本語を整えたり\n\n\nこうすることにより、段落と段落の関係性も自ずと整理できるので、多少言葉が難しくても内容が入ってきやすくなるでしょう。現代文のために2冊目の単語帳をやる必要は僕もないと思います。\n\n\n文語文に関しては、あまりに意味がわからない文は文構造から捉え直しても良いでしょうが、基本的には不要でしょう。それよりも、文と文の繋がりを意識すると良いでしょう。前の文と後の文がどういう繋がりかたをしているのか、順接か逆接か、それとも補足なのかなどです。\n\n\nその上でもし時間に余裕があれば、一般的な現代文と同様に要約をまとめて論旨を捉えるのも復習としてはアリです。\n　"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文の解き方を教えてほしい(現代文が大嫌い)"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n私は大学入試でセンターも二次試験も現代文の問題があったので、参考にしていただければと思います。\n\n私も当時、あまり細かいところまでは印などつけずに読んでいました。あくまでも大事なのは、その文章がどのような流れ（起承転結）で、主旨は何なのか（何かを比較した文章なのか、何かの概念について述べているのか等）を読み取ることです。\n長い文章だとどこに何が書いてあったか見失うこともあるので、私はそれを防ぐために、「しかし」などの逆説や、「したがって」といったまとめになりそうな部分にだけ⚪︎をつけたり線を引いたりしていました。おっしゃる通りで、何種類もの印を使うとかえって見づらくなると思うので、⚪︎と線だけなど2種類くらいで十分だと思います。頭の中で整理できるなら、印をつけない読み方でももちろん問題ないです。\n\n問題の解き方としては、人によると思いますが、私はまずサッと文章全体を読みます。印もこの時につけながら読みます。じっくり読み込みすぎると時間がかかってしまうので、①「何」について、②「どのような意見、事実」があって、③「文章中のどこで話が展開」して、④「最終的に何が言いたいのか」を大体把握できれば十分です。そして問題を見て、解きながら文章を読み込んでいきます。\n\n共通テストの場合は引っかけ問題のようなものもあるので、選択肢と本文をしっかり見比べながら慎重に解答していきます。\n記述問題は、問題で聞かれていることに対し、一番ポイントとなる答えが記述できているかどうかを意識するといいと思います。記述対策であれば、河合出版の「得点奪取」がオススメです。\nどう答えたらいいかわからない時は、一度頭の中で文章のどの部分について触れればいいか見当をつけた後に、模範解答を見て、答えるべきポイントや、その書き方を学ぶことから始めるといいと思います。正しい解答の仕方を、書き写してもいいのでインプットすると、次第に自分でも解答が書けるようになってきます。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文を安定させるためには"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず始めに点数が上下している状態は、もうすぐ一気に点数が良くなり安定する直前だと考えといてください。その上で河合塾で一番の講師から聞いた具体的な事を書きます。\n\nまず現代文において漢字や語句の意味で失点するのはかなり痛い事です。得点上位層の人は必ずとるところですし、現代文の基礎とも言えるところです。すぐに対策してください。私大でも漢字が合否を分けます。\n\nその基礎が徹底された上で、現代文の文章をキレイなリズムで音読するといいでしょう。読むスピードが早くなります。\n\nまた全体の構造を掴むことが極めて肝要です。例えば、筆者が一番伝えたいのは何か？何と何を比較して、どちらの方が筆者は良いと思っているのか？などなど…\n一つの文章にジックリ取り組んでください。\n\nセンターの時間配分は漢文10〜15分 古文25分 評論20分 物語20分 が大体の目安です。\n最初に設問をザラッと読み、だいたい何を話してるのか掴みます。そして、文章は全部一気に読みましょう。そのあとで、問題を解くのが一番点数が安定します。\n\nセンターは2つの選択肢まではすぐに絞れるので、その2つをジックリと検討しましょう。\nセンターまであと少し頑張ってください。\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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mb-1","children":"「共通テスト施行調査ができないのでは早稲田など話にならない」→これは完全に間違ってると思いますよ。\n\nまず、お気づきのようですが、そもそも早稲田の現文と共通テスト問題は全く違います。共通テストは情報収集、処理能力を問うのに対し、早稲田の現文は読解の質を問うものが多いと私は思っています。故に、早稲田の現代文はそこまで時間がシビアではないです。(学部によりますが。)\n\n以上から、早稲田の現文で求められるのは、読解の深さと質です。具体的には、要約問題や段落ごとの並び替え問題、脱文挿入、空欄補充などです。これに対応するには仰る通りスピードを意識した演習よりも本質的な読解力を鍛えるべきだと思います。\n\nそれを鍛えるために、現代文読解力開発講座は非常におすすめです。私大の問題形式にも近いですし、何より本質的な読解をレクチャーしてくれます。私もこの参考書で現代文はかなりマシになりました。\n\n共通テストに関しても、仰る通り、ただ闇雲に演習を重ねるよりは、本質的な読解力をつけてから過去問演習に移るのが英断かと思います。\n\n夏に過去問10年分を解かせるという謎の風習があるようですが、受験は質問者さまにとって、年に1度しかありません。後悔のないように自分で考え、自分が必要だと感じることことに取り組むべきです。(勿論、チューターを含む周りのアドバイスも参考にしながら。)\n\nまとめると、\n「本質的な読解力をつけることを優先すべき。」\n「その為には読解力開発講座はおすすめ」\n「共通テストの現代文と早稲田の現代文、傾向はかなり異なる」\n\nって感じです！チューターの人も主観で言ってることが多いと思いますが、まぁ私の意見もバリバリに主観なので盲信せず参考にしてください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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