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1b:T146d,例文の暗唱は(正しく行えば)高い効果が得られます。

例文の暗唱は
①正しく読めるようにする
②瞬時に出てくるようにする
という2点を意識しながら行うと良いでしょう。

個人的に暗唱は、単に文章そのものを暗記するのではなく、
キーワードと文構造・語法を対応させて覚えるものだと思っています。
そうすることで、英作文や英訳のときに例文の一部を変えるだけで回答することができます。
ーーー

【正しく読む】
正しく読むと言うのは、
「正しい発音」で「正しい区切り」で読むということです。
(正しく読むこと自体が目的ではないのですが、正しく読めていれば単語や文法の理解ができているので、わかり易い目標として書いています。)

正しい発音というのはわざわざ書くまでもないでしょう。
発音、インドネーションに気をつけましょう、という程度です。
(まぁこれがなかなか難しいのですが。)
単語の発音記号を見るのも良いですし、
今の時代ちょっと調べれば正しい発音が音声として聞けるでしょう。

また例えば「present」という単語は品詞によって発音が変わります。
名詞だと贈り物、動詞だと発表する・贈る、形容詞だと現在の、といった意味になりますが、
それぞれアクセントの位置やちょっとしたイントネーションが異なります。
今回はこの品詞でこの意味なのでこの発音、としっかりと分けられるようにしてください。

正しい発音が分かると、
リスニングでも長文読解でも実際の会話でも
内容の理解が容易になります。

発音と一緒に気にしてほしいのが語法です。
その単語はどういう形で使われているのか、です。
これは正しく区切るという上で非常に重要です。

「My brother insisted on going there alone.」
例えばこの分だと「insist on A　(Aを主張する)」という語法が使われています。
これが分かっていれば、変なところで区切って
「My brother insisted on going / there alone.」
のように読んでしまうことはないでしょう。
(例は極端ですが、複雑な文になれば意外と変なところで区切ることが多くなってきます。)

例文暗唱の第一歩はこのように
「正しく読む」ことを心がけるようにしてください。
ーーー

【瞬時に出てくる】
このステップは時間がかかるかと思います。
日本語の文を見た瞬間に英語の例文が出てくるようにしましょう。

例えば「〜を主張する」という文を見た瞬間に
「insist on A」を使った例文が思い浮かぶようにです。
他にも例えば「〜を妨げる」という文を見たら
「prevent A from B」の形の例文を思い出せる、
「〜を提供する」を見たら「provide A of B」が…
のように、覚えた例文と語法に対応する日本語を見たらすぐに思い出せるというのが理想です。

これがすぐ出てくると、
英作文や英訳する問題のときに考える時間が減り、
さらに自分であれこれ試行錯誤するよりも遥かに正答率が上がります。
もちろんですが、例文と全く同じ文章にしか対応できないという事態にはならないようにしてください。

ここで、第1段階で覚えた(であろう)語法が役に立ちます。
「insist on A」という語法を「My brother insisted on going there alone.」で覚えていたなら、
「私の兄は自身の無罪を主張した」という文を見て、
Aの部分をgoing there aloneからhis innocenceなどに変えることができますよね。
パーツを付け替えれば自分の英文に書き換えられるというのが
例文暗唱の一番の利点だと思います。

瞬時に例文を思い出せるようになるには
日々の反復が重要です。
何かを覚えるのには何回もそれに触れなければなりません。
私が現役の頃は、自作の例文集を最低週に一回はやっていました。
自分で例文を集めても良いですし、
市販の参考書を使っても良いでしょう。
語法の勉強におすすめなのは
NextStageやPowerStageという参考書です。
ーーー

以上、
考えたことを書きつけていたら相当長くなってしまいましたが、
参考にしていただければ幸いです。

私もはじめは例文暗唱なんで馬鹿らしいと思っていましたが、
勉強するうちに瞬時に必要な構文が出てくるようになり
「あ、めっちゃ役に立ってる」と気づいてきました。
一瞬で例文を思い出せるようになるまでは少しつらいですが、
継続していると「あ、これ見たことある構文だ」となります。

ぜひ正しく例文暗唱をして、
スラスラ英語が出てくる快感を感じてみてください！1d:Tbce,私は現代文なら接続詞、英語ならディスコースマーカーには必ず印をつけるようにしています。

例えば現代文だったら「たしかに〜。しかし〜。」という譲歩の構造を見つけたら、「しかし」の後に書いてあることが重要度が高いことなので、「たしかに」に丸○、「しかし」に逆三角形▽をつけてわかりやすくしています。
英語もこれと同じで、of courceで譲歩した後に、howeverで筆者の意見を述べるという構造があります。それを見つけたら、上の現代文の例と同じようにマークをつけてわかりやすくすると、その文章全体の要旨が掴みやすくなると思います。

また、()については、無闇につける必要はないと思います。私は()をつけるのは2種類あって、
①一文が長い時、文構造をはっきりさせるために使う
②本文に関係ない挿入や例を()でくくる
という使い方をしていました。

詳しくお話しすると、例えば
How people will react when robots reject commands is another open-ended subject for research. In the years to come, will humans take robots that question their practical or moral judgments seriously?
という文章があった時、ぱっと見では文構造が取りにくいかもしれません。そこで()を活用してみると
How people will react (when robots reject commands) is another open-ended subject for research. (In the years to come,) will humans take robots 〈that question their practical or moral judgments seriously〉?
これだけで随分読みやすくなったと思いませんか？私は副詞節は()、関係代名詞節は〈〉というように少し形を変えて使うようにしていました。
ここの回答では上手く表現しにくいのですが、上の文章にさらに下線を引いてSVOCを振ってみると、完全に文構造が取れると思います。

このような英文解釈は全文やる必要はなく（そんなことをしていたら時間が足りません）、ぱっと見だとちょっと読みにくいな〜という文に出会った時だけやるといいと思います。

共通テストの問題でしたら、あまり複雑な文構造のものはないと思うので、英文解釈はそんなに気にしなくて大丈夫です。でも、共通テストは文章量が多いので、設問に対応する答えを文章中から素早く見つけることが大事になってきます。そこで役に立つのが下線です。
長い文章があると、どこに何の情報があるのか分かりづらくなりがちです。答えを素早く見つけるためには、設問で何を聞かれているのかを掴んで、それについて触れられている箇所に下線を引くといいと思います。大抵は2文程度に絞れると思うので、そこから答えを探せば一瞬です✨1e:T110d,多くの人が共感する類いの悩みだと思います。

まず前提として、ある単語の訳が模範解答と異なっていても、近い意味で且つ文脈から逸れていなければ、点数が引かれる可能性は低いです。例えば、It takes a lot of time and effort to maintain a good friendship.という文（鉄壁から引用）において、同書ではmaintainに対応する訳が「維持する」となっているが、「保つ」などといった訳をした場合でも、文脈に合う近い意味の訳なので減点はされないだろう、という感じです。仮に質問者さんがこのようなことで悩んでおられるなら、それは杞憂です。
それともう一つ。単語をイメージで覚えるのは非常におすすめな方法ではあります。理由は後述します。

私が想定する悩みは幾分異なるものです。
それは、maintainと偶然同じページにあったassert（主張する、言い張る）という単語を例にとると、
assert...「何かを言う感じ」というのは分かるけど、「主張する、言い張る」というピッタリの訳が浮かんでこない！
という感じの悩みです。恐らく質問者さんが苦労されているのはこういうことですよね。

では解決方法を考えてみましょうか。
①一つの単語につき、イメージではなく一つの定訳をガッチリと覚えてしまう
最も手っ取り早いです。上記の例なら、
maintain→〜を維持する、assert→〜を主張する
と瞬発的に言えるようにする、というものです。しかし難点として、訳の字面が同じ場合に、単語ごとのニュアンスを掴めないということがあります。
例えば、appearとemergeはどちらも「現れる」という訳が可能ですが、emergeという単語は、暗闇や物陰からスッと出現する感じのイメージです。ここで、appearとemergeを両方「現れる」と覚えていると、「彼は駅に現れた」という文を英訳しようとした際に、emergeを用いるのが適切でないことに気付きづらくなります。イメージで単語を捉えるメリットがここにあります。
②日本語→英単語の練習をしてみる
質問者さんは英→和の訓練を積まれているようですが、和→英というアプローチはいかがでしょうか。逆方向から考えることが結構上手くいったりします。また、これは和文英訳の訓練にもなります。例えば、単語帳で、「主張する」という日本語を見て、隣に書かれている英単語を引っ張り出してみましょう。assertの他に、argue、insist、claim、advocateなんかもありますかね。すると今度は自分に降ってきた訳語のニュアンスの違いを調べます（もちろん完全に互換可能な場合もある）。そうすれば、英訳の際に、「主張する」シリーズの中からより適切な表現を選ぶことができるようになります。
③例文と一緒に単語を覚える
シンプル且つ優秀な方法です。例文で覚えれば訳出が容易になりそうです。そして、これまた英作文対策としても最強といえます。

文脈からお分かりいただけたと思いますが、①のやり方はあまりおすすめできないです（個人の意見）。単語をイメージで捉えることはとても有意義だし本質的だと思います。もしよかったら私が紹介した方法を試してみてくださいね。質問者さんの健闘を祈っています！下の余談②は読んで！

余談①
私の鉄壁のassertのところに、「好きな時間帯は"あさー！と"主張する」とメモ書きがありました。下らないですが語呂合わせは覚えやすい。
余談②
もし和訳問題の中で、英単語にピッタリの訳が思いつかなくても、何かしら（動詞なら動詞、形容詞なら形容詞）の訳を絶対書いて下さい。何か書けば、最悪その訳が的外れでも一部の減点に留めることができますが、何も書かないとその一文全体が0点になる可能性があります。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=tlID_n4BTqPwDZPuoDm3","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"仮定法について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",4,") コメント(",3,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"2/16 0:32"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_ulEVP7LgubbzpS9JfgJ3taTE9T02.jpg?alt=media&token=2d3064da-b4c4-424c-a6f8-8aeb57f90921","clientUserName":"浪人できない","infoString":"高2 東京都 慶應義塾大学経済学部(68)志望","adviceId":"tlID_n4BTqPwDZPuoDm3"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"仮定法で It is 〜 that S should do の文章で\n主張を表すとき insist を使うと思うのですがそれはshouldがつかないパターンもあると習いました。わかりやすく教えてください！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_18A8958FD1B94C699F282C04D46747EC.jpg?alt=media&token=e9a08aa9-7fb4-4679-85f9-f1f5014aad69","adviserName":"やかやかさん","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学商学部","adviceId":"tlID_n4BTqPwDZPuoDm3"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"いわゆる仮定法現在ですね。結論から言うとshouldを省略してるだけです。\n\nネットから例文を引っ張ってきました。\n\n・We desire that he visit us more often.\n（私達は彼がもっと頻繁に訪ねてきてくれたらと思う）\n・It is requested that the papers be made ready within a few days.\n　（書類は2・3日以内に用意されたい）\n\ndesireやrequest、insistのような動詞や形容詞を使う際、that節の中身でshouldの省略が起きることがあります。なぜならば、ある種の理想状態が前提の動詞、形容詞だからです。なので、元々は\n\n・We desire that he should visit us more often.\n（私達は彼がもっと頻繁に訪ねてきてくれたらと思う）\n・It is requested that the papers should be made ready within a few days.\n　（書類は2・3日以内に用意されたい）\n\nとなっているわけです。このため、heの後の動詞に三単現のsがつかなかったり、普通の主語の後にbeが来るという不思議なことが起こります。\n\nこれらの動詞は「ようめいしゅけってい」といった括りで表される時もありますね。\n\n引用元:\nhttps://www.eibunpou.net/10/chapter25/25_1.html"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_18A8958FD1B94C699F282C04D46747EC.jpg?alt=media&token=e9a08aa9-7fb4-4679-85f9-f1f5014aad69","adviserName":"やかやかさん","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学商学部","adviceId":"tlID_n4BTqPwDZPuoDm3","numberOfFan":162,"clipsAvg":7.5395189003436425,"adviceRateAvg":4.492894056847545,"profile":"早稲田商学部現役合格。得意科目は英語と世界史でした。\n塾講師の経験をもとに、具体的かつ現実的な提案を心がけます。\n基本的にリアリストです。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"やかやかさん","adviceId":"tlID_n4BTqPwDZPuoDm3"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"2/16 0:38"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ごめんなさい、その内容初めて知りました。しかし、おそらく\n\n事実になっていない主張→仮定法になるのでshouldがいる→故に動詞が活用しない\n\n事実→仮定法ではないので、shouldがいらない→動詞が普通に活用する\n\nだと思います。\n"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_18A8958FD1B94C699F282C04D46747EC.jpg?alt=media&token=e9a08aa9-7fb4-4679-85f9-f1f5014aad69","contributorName":"やかやかさん","adviceId":"tlID_n4BTqPwDZPuoDm3"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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mb-1","children":"まず、仮定法の定義は「現実ではあり得ないこと」です。仮定法においては現実的ではないということを表すために時制を1つ下げます。対して普通のifではそのようなことは起こらないのでそこが違いと言えるかと思います。\n\nしかし、大事なのはifではありません。仮定法において、最優先で見つけるべきなのは「助動詞の過去形」です。上記のように時制を1つ下げるというシステムのため、仮定法においてはwouldやcouldなどの助動詞の過去形がほぼ確実に登場します。実際、仮定法にはifを省略した形が幾つも存在するため、注視すべきはifではなく助動詞の過去形です。というよりは、基本的に助動詞の過去形を見つけた時は仮定法を疑うべきだと思っています。(ex. 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英検準一級"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"・thus 〜ing\n→分詞構文を使って、故に〜するという表現です。同じ単語の重複は避けるべきなので、thereforeなどを使いまくってしまったときに使えると思います。\n\n・regarding〜\n→〜に関して、という前置詞です。これもaboutとかを使いまくった時に使ってました。\n\n・all things considered\n→全てを考慮すると、という意味です。最後に使えるかと思います。\n\n私が使いがちなものをテキトーにピックアップしましたが、「英作文フレーズ」などで検索すると出てくるので使えそうなのを覚えるといいですよ。\n\n直前なのであれば、模範解答を見て、そこに使用されている単語や熟語などを覚えてしまうのが早いと思います。\n\nまた、書く際は・接続詞を文頭で使わない(butとか)、・自動詞他動詞の区別など、基本的な文法のミスを起こさないために変に難しい表現を連発するのは避けましょう。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"この分からない問題をはやく消化したい"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"otherwiseには「さもないと」に代表されるようにイメージとしては「違う方面」(物理的、時間的など様々な意味で)のような意味があります。\n\nこの文を直訳すると\n\n彼は 私に思い出させてくれた 私が忘れてしまったかもしれないことを\n\nという感じでしょうか。\n\n彼が思い出させてくれたということは彼が教えてくれたり、指摘してくれたりしたためだと推測できるので、注意という表現を用いて訳すと、\n\n注意しなけ\"れば\"忘れてしまっていたたことを彼は思い出させてくれた\n\n\n日本語で綺麗に訳すとここのあたりでotherwiseを訳として組み込むことができます。(ればの部分です)\n\nこれをもっと噛み砕いた言い方にするとぺぺさんがみた訳のようになるのではないでしょうか？\n\n文章のため伝えたいことが正確に伝わっているかどうかわかりませんが参考になれば嬉しいです。\n\n一つだけアドバイスとして、言語は様々な時代にほとんど独立して発展してきたものです。そのため、英単語の訳が直接日本語に直した時にあると不自然な意味になってしまうことがあります。\n映画の字幕と音声をきいてみると、翻訳家の方がどれだけ直訳と違うことを日本語にしているかがわかると思います。\nなので、多少のニュアンスの違いは気にせず、文自体の意味が間違えていなければ大丈夫なのであまり神経質にならず勉強しましょう。\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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