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1b:Tcde,ひたすら多読するのが一番の近道だと思います。記述で少しずつ落としてしまうのは、少し文構造を取り間違えたり、単語や熟語を知らなかったりするからですが、これに対する特効薬のようなものは無く、ただ沢山の長文に触れ、学び、慣れていく他ないと思います。残された時間が少なく焦ってしまうとは思いますが、根気よくやっていくしかありません。

英語は、①単語②文法③解釈④長文⑤英作の5つをこの順にやるのが良いと言われることが多いです。ただ①、②を完璧にすることは不可能なので、何となくできてきたら次に進むのが良いと思います。質問者さんが高校三年生であることを考えると、解釈または長文をするのがいいと思います(同時並行で英作をやるのもアリ)。問題集としては、基礎英文問題精講、基礎長文問題精講をおすすめします。

説明問題は、適当な部分を見つけて訳す問題、すなわち英文和訳の問題に帰着されるとよく言われます。説明問題に対処するためには、まず英文を訳せるようにならなければなりません。英文を訳すためには、丁寧に文構造をとる練習が必要なので、基礎英文問題精講など英文解釈系の問題集を1冊やっておくのがいいと思います。丁寧に文構造をとることで、少しずつ点を落としてしまうことを減らすことが出来ます。その後、身についた英文解釈の力を活かすべく、基礎長文問題精講などの問題集で英文和訳に慣れるのがおすすめです。

一橋大学の過去問をやっていないならば1年分やってみるといいと思います。英作に自信が無いなら長文の問題である大問1(年によって大問2も)だけでもやってみると、自分の苦手なところや、ケアレスミスをしがちなところ、思わず雑に訳してしまうところなどを確認することが出来ると思います。解答はできれば他人にみてもらうのがいいですが、もし出来ないならば自己採点をするのが良いと思います。自己採点する際、自分で解答の要素を区切って細かく見ていくのがおすすめです。実際、模試や入試の採点者は機械的に要素採点をしていることが多いそうです。

ちなみに、解答で意訳しすぎているような問題集、参考書がありますが、そのように全てを意訳する必要はなく、学校で習ったような意訳(無生物主語など)以外は直訳で減点されることはあまりないです。不自然な日本語でも、自分が文構造を分かっているという証明になるのでそのまま書くべきです。前述のように要素採点なので、どの日本語がどの英語の部分に対応しているのか分かりにくい場合、減点されるかも知れません。

もし余裕があるなら、一橋大学以外の大学の過去問をやってみるのもいいと思います。阪大や京大の和訳問題は良い問題が多いです。1d:Tbe2,まず英文和訳についてです。

英文和訳のレベルによりますが，とにかく慣れるしかありません。
和訳のセンスというのは数多くの文章を慣れ親しむことでしかつけられないものです。

しかし質問者様は「たくさん問題を解く」などと言う当たり前でありふれたことはわかっており、求めていないと思いますので，そうした中でどうしたら和訳のセンスがつくのか？
ということを説明します。
以下例文です。
Shoot enough times and you'll hit something.
「十分な回数ためしなさい。そしたら何かしら当てられるよ」
という訳をつけても良いのですが，
「数撃ちゃ当たるだろう」
という訳をつけられるようになるのが最終的な目標でしょう。

和訳というのは和語に一つ一つ訳すことです。

課題文の単語の意味を一つ一つ考えて，それをうまく繋げ合わせて訳にすればいい。

もちろん単語力があることは前提です。
その単語力や文法力の土台の上で、一つ一つの訳を考えれば間違うはずもありません。

そして良い訳を作るには
英単語の「日本語訳」ではなく「意味」を把握できるようになるしかないです。

enough⇒十分な
ではなく
enough⇒なんかめっちゃ大きくて足りてる
みたいなイメージを持つということです。

このことを留意しながら，沢山の和訳をすれば自然と和訳力は付きますよ。

結論，単語の意味ではなくイメージに則って，一つ一つを和訳に反映させれば間違えません。
試験中に，この英単語は訳のどこに対応しているのか見返せば良いと思います。
これで外した場合，単語力や文法に支障があるので、その2つの復習をするべきかもしれません。


次に説明問題です。
極論、英語の長文問題の全訳がわかれば，どの説明問題でも解けます。
東大の過去問でも，英語の説明問題は，全訳を見てから考えると小学生レベルになるからです。
一度，自分で全訳解答を見てから，模試の説明問題とかを考えてみてください。
小学生レベルの現代文に落ち着きます。

よって，英語長文の和訳の力をつければ，自然と説明問題も解けるようになる。ということです。

説明問題の書き方とかがわからないという場合は，英語長文の要約をやってみて下さい。
要約は論旨の把握とコンパクトな説明が求められるので，1番効率的に読解力と説明力がつきます。


英語の和訳ができるようになれば，自然と説明問題の力もつきますよ！
まだまだ春です。時間はいくらでもある。
僕は一橋法学部落ちたので，僕の仇を討ってくれることを期待しています。1e:Tfc1,あるぶるさん、こんにちは。

今回は英語の和訳問題、説明問題の大きく2つに分けて解説していければと思います。

◎和訳問題

なぜいつも和訳で減点されてしまうのでしょうか。逆に、"減点されない"和訳とはなんでしょうか？まず初めに、"減点されない"和訳というのを説明したいと思います。

★"減点されない"和訳
①原文と違わない(構文把握、単語)
②原文なしで分かる(文脈)
③日本語として正しい

①、減点の多くはここです。構文がとれてなかった、単語の訳を間違えた、などなどキリがないです。単語を間違えれば当然減点されますし、構文も取れていなければ減点されます。

②、単語、構文は分かっているのに点がこない。それは文脈がとれていないからです。試しに、次の一文を訳してみてください。
I don't like him because he is rich.

どのように訳したでしょうか。
･彼は金持ちなので私は彼が好きではない
このように訳しましたか？これは正解です。ですがこのようにも訳せるのではないでしょうか。

･彼が彼を好きなのは彼が金持ちだからではない
これも正解です。これは所謂"否定の範囲"というやつですが、何が言いたいかというと文脈で英語の訳はいくらでも変化するということです。これだけでなく代名詞が何を指すのか、なども意識しなければ当然減点対象です。

③、傍線部中に"black-and-white television"と出てきたらどう訳しますか？当然、"白黒テレビ"と訳すと思います。しかし英語を直訳すれは"黒白テレビ"のはずです。これが"日本語として正しい"ということです。

英語の訳に意訳、直訳などというものはなくて、すべては上の3点です。上の3点がクリアされていれば減点されることは絶対にありません。とくに②、③は以後気をつけてみてください。

◎説明問題

説明問題については、回答作成の手順を解説したいと思います。

★説明問題の回答作成手順
①該当箇所の発見
②字数調整
③文末表現チェック

①、説明問題で点がこない大半はここが間違えています。説明問題の基本のキは該当箇所の発見です。どの模試の解説を読んでも、どの過去問を解いても、ほぼ必ず回答の根拠となる"該当箇所"があります。ここを外せば点はまず来ません。ですが心配することはありません。逆に言えば、該当箇所さえ発見してしまえばあとはそこをうまく訳すだけです。見つけた瞬間、"しめた！"と思ってください。

②、多くの説明問題にはこんな条件がついているのではないでしょうか。"𓏸𓏸字以内で" "𓏸𓏸字程度で"
これらの条件は、"ヒント"です。問題作成者がこのくらいかな、という目安をつけてくれているということです。これは該当箇所の発見に大きく役立ちます。また、"𓏸𓏸字以内"とは"-1割~ちょうど"、"𓏸𓏸字程度"とは"±1割"が一般的です。

③、ここで減点されてはもったいない。
「~な理由はなぜか」ときたら「~だから。」と書かなければいけないし、「~とはどういうことか」ときたら「~ということ。/~こと。」と書かなければいけません。最後に必ず文末表現のチェックを行いましょう。

和訳、説明問題はこれさえ押さえれば必ず得点源になります。ぜひ今回紹介したことを頭に入れたうえで模試などの解き直しを再度してみてください。こうすればよいのか、というのが分かるはずです。

応援してます、頑張ってください。1f:Tde5,こんにちは(  ܸ•ω• ܸ )勉強お疲れ様です！

記述模試の英語でちょくちょく点数の取りこぼしがあり、それが積み重なって、英文和訳、説明問題で思うような点数が取れないのですね。

それでは順に、考えうる点数が取れない原因と、その対策としてのおすすめの勉強法をお伝えして行きたいと思います！

まず、英文和訳について。思うように点数が取れない、取りこぼしがあるということは、実際にテストなどで訳し終わった後に、ご自身の中でも釈然としない感覚が残ると思います。英文和訳でつまずく原因として挙げられるのは、

①知らない英単語が含まれている
②構文が見抜けない

この主に2つに分けられるのではないでしょうか。

①に関しては英単語帳をひたすらやる。これに尽きます。どんなに英語が得意な受験生でも、入試直前の、最後の最後まで単語帳はめくります。それくらい、英単語はいくら覚えても足りないくらい存在するということです。
  おすすめの英単語帳はターゲット1900です。8割程完璧になったらパス単準1級など、次の単語帳を回しましょう。

②の構文が見抜けない。これは皆さん経験があるはずです。英単語の意味はわかる。しかし、順に訳してみてもどうも日本語がおかしい。これは大抵、倒置などの構文に気付かず、頭から訳してしまっている場合が多いです。
  構文の勉強法でおすすめの参考書は、(大前提として基本的な文法がマスターされているものとしますが)
ポレポレです。こちらをやっておけば国公立から最難関私大まで、構文でつまずくことは段違いに減ります。

以上が大まかな点の取れない原因とその解決策です。上記で挙げた参考書をある程度やったら、ポラリスや、やっておきたい英語長文シリーズをやることをオススメします。

英語は経験値がものを言います。英単語、構文、文法…などが大切だと言いましたが、極論、英語は量で補えるものが多いです。帰国生は文法はさっぱりだが、日常的に触れているが故に英文和訳や英作文、読解はお手の物だという人が非常に多いです。

英語独特の言い回しであったり、ニュアンスに慣れることが重要なのです。


そして最後に説明問題について。こちらは、下線部の部分を文脈の中で捉えることが重要です。
①下線部の内容をしっかり理解すること
②前後の文もしっかり理解すること

下線部に指示語があったら見逃してはいけません。その指示語が何を指しているのかは、前後の文を理解していればわかるはずです。

長々と書きましたが、英語は基本を疎かにしたら成り立たないということです。
英単語帳、文法、構文を学んだ上で演習量を確保する。これが英文和訳、ひいては説明問題で点を取れるようになっていく、確実な最短ルートなのです。

英語の勉強に終わりはないので辛いかもしれませんが、その分偏差値が安定してきた時の喜びはひとしおです。ぜひ地道にコツコツ頑張ってくださいね😊2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=tcAw0GUBTqPwDZPuVla0","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"和訳が下手"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",2,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"9/13 8:49"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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英語構文の透視図』\n英文法をしっかり身につけてから、夏休み頃に取り組めると良いです。一橋英語を読むうえで必要となる英語構文を身につけることができます。難易度は高いかもしれませんが、必ず力になります。最後の問題は、昔の一橋のものでした。是非最後まで辿りついて見てください。\n\n\nさいごに、英文法･構文がある程度固まってきたら、英文を全訳してみてください。一橋の赤本でやってみるのが良いです。過去問20年分を訳せ、だなんて鬼言わないので、数年分を訳して見てください。最初は短めの文章からでも大丈夫です。時間はかかりますが、自分の力を試せます。\n\n健闘をお祈りしています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["一橋大学法学部"," 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語の解き方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"解答させていただきます。\n\nまずは、自分の今の実力を分析してみてください。\nその上で、単語がわからないから読めないのか、構造がややこしいから訳が分からなくなるのか、それによって取り組むべき勉強方法が変わってきます。\n\nとりあえず考えられる弱点とお勧めの参考書をあげておきます。\n\n単語→鉄壁 解体英熟語\n解釈力→基礎英文解釈100⇨ポレポレ⇨英文解釈教室のルート\n英作文→小倉の英文法矯正編\n\n京大の英語において問われている能力は、簡単にいうと英文解釈力と英作文力です。とにかくこの二つを伸ばすことを意識してください。おそらく単語の訳が適当でもかなりの構文が把握できていれば点数は来ると思います。\n\nお勧めの勉強方法としては慣れるまでは英文を読むときには構造をしっかりと書き込むということです。僕は試験でもこれを行いました。英作文についてはまずは基本例文のインプットが重要です。\n\nまた最後になりますが、和訳の問題に関してですが、京大の文章は直訳すると訳がわからないことになる場合があります。ですのね、しっかりと構文の取れた文章に関しては、ある程度こなれた日本語に直し、構文の把握が厳しいなと思った文章に関しては直訳を意識して解答するようにしていました。(少なくとも模試はこの方法が一番点数を稼げます)\n\nぜひ参考に頑張ってください。\n応援しています。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文の完成のためには？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"質問者様は英文和訳や和文英訳はかなり得意な方だという印象を受けました。\n全統模試偏差値70超え、すごいと思います。\n\n\nセンターの最後の大問で間違えるのは、また別の能力の部分です。\nそれは「要約力」です。\n\nまずはセンター過去問の最後の大問を使って、段落ごとに最も言いたいことをまとめる練習をしてみてください。\nまとめるのは英語ではなく、日本語でも大丈夫です。\n\n要約する上で意識することを簡単にまとめます。\n\n＊抽象と具体\n(具体例は要約では必要ない、抽象的なところをわかりやすくまとめたら要約になる)\n＊目的と手段\n(筆者は、登場人物は、何が目的で動いているのかをまとめたら要約になる。その目的のための手段の詳細の多くは省ける。)\n＊原因と結果\n(因果関係をハッキリとまとめたら、それが要約に使える。間違いの選択肢は因果関係がめちゃくちゃなことが多い。)\n\n以上を意識してみてください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 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