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1a:T13f3,こんにちは！RIZと申します。
問題集の問題は解けるけれど初見の問題では解けなくなるということですね。
まずとても当たり前の話をしますが、数学は問題文から解答を考えなければなりません。現在の、問題集の問題は解けるけれども初見の問題では手が止まってしまうというのは、単に問題集の答えを覚えているだけに他なりません。そこで、今回は初見の問題でも解けるようにするためにはどのようにすれば良いかについてお話しします。
前提として、数学の公式や定義はしっかり学習しているとします。もし質問文に書かれている数学用語というのがこうした公式や定義であるなら、定義はまずしっかり覚えてください。そして公式についてはできれば丸暗記するより、導出できるようにしたほうが良いです。ただもう時間があまりないので最悪丸暗記でもいいですが、導出できるようにすることで、なぜその公式が成り立つのか理解できるので覚えやすくもなりますし、もし忘れてしまっても対応できるようになるのでおすすめです。例えば三角関数の2倍角とか3倍角なんかは加法定理とか、数3ですがド・モアブルの定理などから簡単に導出できますよね。加法定理を毎回導出するのは流石に面倒ですが、2倍角や3倍角を加法定理から導出するのは少しの時間でできますよね。このようにあまり覚えていなくても簡単に導出できる公式はなるべく導出できるようにした方が良いです。
さて、話を戻しますが、以上のように公式や定義が頭に入っていることを前提として、初見の問題でどのように対処するべきかについてお話しします。まず冒頭でもお話ししたように、数学は問題文だけから解答を考えなければなりません。そこでまず、問題文の条件に着目します。条件というのはいろいろあります。例えばnを自然数とするとか、x、yが円の方程式を満たしているとか、垂直に交わるとか、さまざまです。他にも、直接的には書かれていないけれども重要な条件もあります。例えば与えられた式が対称式であるとかです。こうした条件から、解答を考えていきます。例えば上の例で言えば、nを自然数として、かつnに関する命題が与えられて証明しなさいといった問題であれば、自然数かつ証明問題であることから数学的帰納法が浮かびますし、x、yが円の方程式を満たしていて、かつx、yの2変数からなる関数の最大最小を考えたい時、xとyが円の方程式を満たすという条件から、θを媒介変数としてx、yをcosθとsinθで置くとかが考えられます。他にも、垂直に交わるという条件があれば、例えばその垂直に交わる直線の傾き同士の積は−1とか、内積0とか、あるいは図形的に三平方の定理を利用することも可能かもしれません。以上のように、条件を見たときにいろいろなことが考えられるようになることで、初見の問題で同じような条件が出てきたときに対応できます。もちろん入試問題というのは問題集には載っていない初見の問題である場合がほとんどです。なので普段解いている問題と全く同じでないのは当たり前ですが、条件に関して言えば部分的に共通していますよね。なのでこうしたことが想起できるようになれば、初見の問題でも対応できるようになるわけです。しかしこのように、条件を見てそこから解法を想起するというのは初見では無理ですよね。それを問題集から学ぶわけです。つまり、ただ問題を解いて、解けなかったら答えを見て覚えて終わりではなく、解法を見たとき、それが「なぜ」そうなるのかを考えます。そして、もし自分が初見でその問題を解くとしたら、まず問題文のどの条件に着目するのかを考えます。このようにすることで、解法のストックを増やしていくわけです。とにかく、解答を見たものでも初見だったらどうするのか、そして「なぜ」そうするのかまで説明できるようになることで、初見の問題でも、それまでストックした解法の引き出しから解法を想起でき、対応できるようになるわけです。なのでまずは今までやった問題集で、問題文のどの条件に着目して、「なぜ」その解答になるのか考えながら学習するようにしてみてください。以上になります。ご質問などありましたらコメント欄の方でお願いします！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"三角関数の変形の使い分けについて"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"質問者様は高2ということなので、数Ⅱまでの範囲で回答させていただきます。\n\n\n【三角関数を変形する目的】\n\nまず、三角関数を変形するのは必ず目的があります。\n①三角関数を含んだ方程式・不等式を解くため\n②三角関数を含んだ関数の最大値・最小値を求めるため\nなどがよくある目的ですね。\n\n《①について》\n方程式や不等式ははじめに因数分解で攻めます。\n(因数)(因数)=0\nといった形になれば、あとは簡単ですね。\n因数分解しない場合は②の考え方をそのまま借りましょう\n\n《②について》\nsinのみ、cosのみ、tanのみ、の式に帰着させます。そしたら見たことある関数(一次関数、二次関数など)になります。\nそのための手段として\n＊三角関数の相互関係\n＊加法定理を用いた公式\nなどが存在します。\n\n\n－－－－－－－－－\n\n【質問主様の弱点と思われるところ】\n\n数Ⅱの三角関数に入ってからうまくいかなくなった高校生は加法定理を用いた公式につまづいている人が多いです。\n公式自体覚えていても、問題でうまく活用出来ないことがよくあります。\n\n先程の項目で書きました、変形のそもそもの目的を意識して演習してみてください。\n使い分けパターンは青チャートなどのテキストに詳しく記載されています。これを身につけることが大切です。\n\nパターンを繰り返しの演習で身につける際に、\n「因数分解を目指す！」\n「sinのみ、cosのみ、tanのみの式を目指す！」\nという意識を持って取り組むことで、何故その式変形を使うのかが体感出来ます。\n\n\n－－－－－－－－－\n\n【最後に】\n\n問題のゴールから逆算して考えることが数学においては大切です。\n初めから逆算して考えることなんて出来ないから、パターンを演習によって身につけるわけですが、ゴールを意識してパターンを身につけなければ、何のためのパターンなのかがわかりません。\n必ず、式変形の目的を意識した演習を心掛けてください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"今からでも間に合いますか？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"全然間に合います。\n\n偏差値53とのことですが、もちろん受けた模試にもよりますが、基礎の部分がまだ全然完成していないんだと思います。\n\n英語に関しては単語力が全然足りていなかったり、文法の理解がガタガタだったり、全然問題慣れしていなかったり…改善点はたくさんあると思います。\n\n数学も同様で、いわゆる基本問題さえも解けなかったりするレベルなんじゃないでしょうか。\nまずは教科書を読んで、基礎を理解していきましょう。\n例えば、「y=x^2を微分したものにx=1を代入して求まる値はy=x^2のx=1における傾きなんだ」みたいに、微分を勉強するなら、微分する意味まで理解してほしいと思います。\nそれが応用問題への第一歩です。\n他の分野も同様です。\n\n社会も、例えば歴史であれば、細かい単語どころか、歴史の流れもまだ覚えられていないんじゃないでしょうか。\nまずは、教科書を読むなりして、話の流れを掴みましょう。\n\n「間に合うのかどうか」というのは受験生なら一度は経験する悩みです。\nでも、間に合わないって言われて、諦められますか？\n間に合わせるしかないですよね。\nこんなことで、とまでは言いませんが、悩んでも何も変わらないので、とにかく目の前のやるべきことをきっちりやりましょう。\n時間はたっぷりあります。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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