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1b:T1b41,私の個人的な感想も混じっているので、
究極的には質問者さんによりますが、参考までに。

少し長くなると思うので簡単に回答だけまとめます。

①その先生のおっしゃるとおりだと思います。すごく良い読み方です。
②いちいち日本語訳を考えるなということだと思います。
③この辺よくわからん、ってなったら前後の文脈から推測します。
④河合塾の先生のおっしゃる通りに、ラフに読む→詳しく読むを心がけると良いです。


【①英文の読み方について】

これは英語に限らず、現代文や古文漢文などあらゆる長文に共通して使えるテクニックです。
タイトルがあるものはタイトルも読むと良いでしょう。
その他脚注や出典など、メタ情報を使うと効率よく理解できます。

例えば「Fiji's sinking islands」のようなタイトル文章があれば、
地球温暖化で海面が上昇して…的な話だとわかります。
ここからは読書量などが関係するのですが、
テーマが判れば
「今こんな状況です→原因は〇〇です→解決するには〇〇をしないといけません」
のような簡単な流れが想像できると思います。

また、出典や脚注に知っている単語があれば
話の流れや内容を推測することができるでしょう。

その後は各段落の最初をskim readします。
ここでの目的は、文章全体の流れを理解することです。
第1段落の内容は導入、第3段落で問題の説明に入って、第6段落で解決策に入る
のように、タイトルや脚注から推測した内容も参考にしながら
どこにどのような内容が書かれているか(書かれていそうか)を把握します。

話の流れを理解することで、実際に問題を解くときにどこを読めば良いのかがすぐに分かります。
「原因はなにか」と問われているのだったら原因が書かれたここらへんを読めば良いな、というようにです。

時間に余裕があるのなら、このあと全文を読んでも良いのですが、
時間に追われているようでしたら私はこのまま問題に進んでしまっても良いと思います。
基本的に問題の順番は文章に出てくる順番と同じなので、
順番通りに問題を解いていれば必要な情報は前の問題を解いているときに目にすることがおおいからです。

いずれにせよ、
・タイトルや脚注からメタ情報を確保して、できることなら自分の知識と結びつける
・段落の最初を読んでその段落の内容を把握する
・どこらへんに何が書かれているのか、文章の流れを把握する
ということを心がけることで、文章を理解するスピードが上がるのではないでしょうか。


【②英語を英語のまま理解する】

どのような意味で放たれた言葉なのかわかりませんが、
私としては「わざわざ日本語に訳さずともイメージが取れる」ということだと思います。

例えば「Apple」という単語を見て何を思い浮かべますか？
おそらく🍎のイメージが浮かんだことと思います。
日本語で「りんごだなぁ」と考えるより、🍎そのものが先に浮かんできたのではないでしょうか。
(私の場合はそうなのですが、他の方はわかりません。🍎が浮かんでこなかったらすみません。)

では「psychology」はどうでしょうか。
これは一度「心理学」と日本語に訳してから考えるかと思います。

よく見知った単語はパッとイメージが浮かぶと思いますが、
なかなか慣れていない単語はイメージが浮かびにくいと思います。
多くの英語に触れ「よく見知った単語」を増やしていくことで、
日本語を経由しなくても英単語を見るだけでその意味をイメージできれば完璧です。

日本語の単語は「翻訳」という行為を経ることなく意味を理解できますよね。
これはその言葉のイメージが私たちの中に確立されているからです。
同じような現象を英語でもやろうぜ、ということなのだと思います。
相当な慣れが必要ですので、とにかく時間がかかると思います。
(私も難しい単語は日本語に訳してしまいます。)


【③わからん部分が出てきたとき】

わからないのが英単語なのか、そもそもの内容なのかによりますが、
・単語がわからないなら推測
・内容がわからないなら前後を見る
です。(基本的には)

単語がわからなければ、似ている単語を探します。
また、prefix(単語の先頭につく言葉)やsuffix(単語のおしりにつく言葉)を参考に推測することもできます。

再登場になりますが、例えば「psychology」なら
「psycho」＋「logy」と分解でき、
「心(psycho)」の「学問(logy)」と意味が取れます。

もちろん、これらを知っていれば問題ないのですが、
常にこれを考えられるわけではありません。
もしも本当にわからない単語が出たら、positiveかnegativeかだけでも判断しましょう。
これは前後の文脈から判断できるはずです。
一度その単語を無視して読み、
きっとこういう意味だったんだろうな、知らんけど、
割り切ってしまいましょう。

単語はわかるのに内容がわからない場合は、
前後の文脈からこれまたpositiveかnegativeかを判断します。
きっと肯定(否定)ということが判れば、理解の助けになります。

大事なのはわからないものに時間を取られないことです。
考えても分からないなら「知らん」と割り切ってしまい、
(テキトーではなく)適当に推測してしまいましょう。


【④どんな文章だったか忘れる】

これは①の回答と被る部分がありますが、
全文を読む前に内容を把握することが大切です。
細かい部分ではなく大局的な流れを抑えると
文章の内容が頭から抜けてしまうということはなくなるはずです。

どこに何が書かれているのか、
どこを読めば筆者の考えがわかるか、
文章のキーポイントはどこに書かれているか、

段落のはじめを読むことでこれらを把握し、
最悪忘れてもすぐに読み返せるようにするのが良いのではないでしょうか。

ーーー
以上、非常に長くなってしまいましたが、
参考になれば幸いです。1d:Te73,こんにちは。
一橋法学部の２年です。

結論から言いましょう。慣れてないからです。ひたすら英語を読みましょう。

日本語の長文を思い出してみてください。
たとえば絵本など、子供向けの本を今読んで、何か言葉を読み飛ばしてしまって全く違う解釈をしてしまう、ということは考えづらいですよね？
でも、それこそ現代文に出てくるような小難しい文章を読んでいるときは別です。知らない単語、慣れない言い回し、同じ主張が表現を変えて何回も出てくる。いきなり動物がたとえ話に出てくる。延々と本論とは関係ないような話をつづけた最後に、「このように～」なんて書いてある。いや、どのように！？なんてなること、少なくないと思います。

あややさんが英語の長文を読んでいて、読み飛ばしてしまったり解釈を誤ってしまうのも、同じことです。

少し専門的な話をすると、人が言語を理解するのには２ステップがあります。１つ目は、言語という記号（文字や音声）を、頭の中にある意味と結びつけること。つまり、「りんご」というインクの染み（あるいは画面上の黒い点の集合）を、あの赤くて甘い果物を意味するものだ、と理解することです。２つ目は、それらの意味の羅列である文章を、まとまった論理として理解することです。「りんごが机の上にある」という文章を見た時。１つ目のステップで、各単語の意味（リンゴ、机といった登場人物）を把握します。そして２つ目のステップでこの文が表す状況（それぞれの登場人物の位置関係など）を思い描くのです。

少し込み入ってしまいましたが、言い換えれば、英語長文が読みづらいのは①単語、文字列に慣れていないことと、②それを論理として処理することに慣れていないことの２つの要因があるということです。

では、これらを解決するためにはどうしたらいいか。簡単です。ひたすら英語を読みましょう。今まで使った問題集でもいいです。BBCのニュースでも、過去問でも、なんでもいいです。読み慣れましょう。入試本番に向けた勉強の隙間の時間で構いません。自分の興味がある内容で構いません。内容を多少覚えていても構いません。質にこだわっている場合ではありません。量を積み重ねましょう。
とはいえ、過去問などの長いがっつりした文章だと、それに体力を使ってしまうので、以前使っていた長文テキスト、あたりがいいでしょうね。今から買うのももったいないですし。もしなければ、「News in levels」というサイトを使ってみてください。ニュースを、レベルに合わせた英語で読むことができます。（もし簡単すぎたら、本家のBBCやロイターなどのサイトを使ってみてください）

総合政策ということは、受験まであと半月ほどでしょうか？それでもまだやれます。太ももががちがちで、長座するだけでも痛かった僕も、２週間ストレッチを続けたら、前屈で手のひらを床につけられるようになりました。まだやれます。とにかく読んで、アルファベットの羅列に論理を見出すことに慣れましょう。応援しています！！
2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=rh0RTcVEt0aCk66dVm8o","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"疑問文の訳し方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",4,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"9/3 23:13"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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appleを「私は好きだリンゴが」としてまずは前から読めるように練習をし、最終的には日本語としてではなく、概念として英語のまま理解できるようになると良いのかなと思います。\n\n\n質問文の中の疑問文に関しては、構文を最初にしっかりと捉えた上で、いつも通り前から日本語訳をして、最終的にそれを疑問文として理解をすれば大丈夫です。\n\nきっちりと区切って疑問文をどこに入れるかを気にする必要はなくて、普通に訳して最後に疑問文として理解する形でいいと思います。\n\n\n\n長くなってしまいましたが、参考になれば幸いです☺️\n質問などがあれば、気軽にコメント欄で聞いてください！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_ucB1fHz97eQwRbv7JA2AFIBwmeH2.jpg?alt=media&token=b8c74328-205c-4c90-9715-26a4d95b4073","adviserName":"さかさか","adviserDepartment":"京都大学工学部","adviceId":"rh0RTcVEt0aCk66dVm8o","numberOfFan":62,"clipsAvg":10.78014184397163,"adviceRateAvg":4.811258278145695,"profile":"京都大学で光とかプラズマの研究をしてます。\n来年からは同大学の院に進学をする予定です。\n受験の時の勉強方法とかモチベーションや進路相談などぜひぜひ色々聞いてください！\n京大のことで雰囲気とか知りたいことがあればコメント欄で聞いてもらっても大丈夫です😀"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文解釈と長文の間にある違和感"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学文科三類に所属している者です。\n\n突然ですが、言語を学ぶ上で最も効果的な勉強法は【音読】です。人間は皆、親の真似をして発音をすることで母国語を覚えていくのです。【音読】はそれと同じです。\n\nたくみさんは普段【英語の音読】をされているでしょうか？やっていないのであれば是非毎日少しでもいいのでやることを強くオススメします。音読で意識して欲しいのは、｢日本語に訳さずにその内容が理解できるか｣です。例えば、｢This is an apple.｣と言われたらどのように理解しようとしますか？おそらくいちいち｢これはリンゴです。｣とは訳さないでしょう。それと同じことを今やっている英文でもできるようにすればいいのです。以下のような方法でやれば必ずできるようになります。実際自分もこの勉強法で英語の成績を飛躍的に伸ばすことができ、東京大学に現役で合格することができました。\n\n①英文の構造や訳を理解する。\n②その英文を1度音読する。この時日本語に訳さずに読み続けて、意味が分からないところがあったらそこを復習する。\n③1周音読し終わったら、後はひたすら音読する。\n\n自分は1つの英文につき最低でも10回音読は音読しました。難しすぎる英文ではなく、少し易しいものから始めて徐々に英文のレベルをあげていくと、すらすら英文が読めるようになり、自然と長文も読めるようになるはずです。\n\n長文になってしまい申し訳ないですが、少しでも参考になれば幸いです🙇‍♂️"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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2.89-3.14 5.74-7.9 10.05z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs mr-2","children":0}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs rounded-lg border border-text px-4","children":"英語"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"ml-3","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"bg-caption w-20 h-20 rounded-sm overflow-hidden","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"w-full h-full 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"読めない長文の品詞分解"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学に所属している者です。\n\n自分は1回で理解できなかった英語長文は以下の手順で復習していました。\n\n①長文を｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣黙読する\n②理解できないところがあったら文法や和訳を確認する\n③黙読し終わったら【日本語に訳さずに理解しながら】何回も音読する(引っかからずに音読しながら意味がとれるようになるまで)\n\nこのやり方の方が質問者さんのやり方よりも効率的に進められると思います。特に②は分からないところだけで大丈夫です。分かるところに時間を割いてもあまり効率は良くないので気をつけましょう。\n\nまた、上記のやり方の中で特に大切なのは③の【日本語に訳さずに理解しながら】というところです。例えば｢This is an apple.｣という英文を理解するために、わざわざ｢これはリンゴです。｣という和訳を途中で挟むことはなく、何となくリンゴがあるイメージを持つはずです。それをもっとレベルの高い英文でもできるようにするというイメージです。最初はなかなかできないと思いますが、慣れてくると英文を読むスピードも正確性もグングン向上していき、模試の成績も必ず伸びていきます。\n\nまた、自分の場合であれば、高2の秋から本格的に英語の勉強を始め、なかなか成果を感じない日々が約1年間続きましたが、それでもやり続けた結果、高3の秋頃から急激に英語がスラスラ読めるようになりました。成果が出るまで辛いのはとてもよく分かりますが、出る時は一気に出るのでそれまでは耐えて頑張り続けましょう。\n\n少しでも参考になれば幸いです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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2.89-3.14 5.74-7.9 10.05z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs mr-2","children":0}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs rounded-lg border border-text px-4","children":"英語"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"ml-3","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"bg-caption w-20 h-20 rounded-sm overflow-hidden","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"w-full h-full 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語を英語のまま理解したい"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学に所属している者です。\n\n英語の長文読解の勉強方法の中で1番効率がいいのはまず間違いなく｢音読｣です。自分は以下のような手順で音読をしていました。\n\n①長文を｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣黙読する\n②理解できないところがあったら文法や和訳を確認する\n③黙読し終わったら｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣何回も音読する(引っかからずに音読しながら意味がとれるようになるまで)\n\n大切なのは｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣というところです。例えば｢This is an apple.｣という英文を理解するためにわざわざ｢これはリンゴです。｣と訳すことはないはずです。それをもっとレベルの高い英文でもできるようにする感じです。最初はなかなかできないと思いますが、慣れてくると英文を読むスピードも正確性もどんどん向上していき、模試の成績も必ず伸びます。\n\n少しでも参考になれば幸いです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"過去問 復習"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学に所属している者です。\n\n質問者さんのような進め方で問題ないと思います。ちなみに自分は、過去問に限らずほぼ全ての英語の長文を以下のような方法で勉強していました。\n\n①長文を｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣黙読する\n②理解できないところがあったら文法や和訳を確認する\n③黙読し終わったら｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣何回も音読する(引っかからずに音読しながら意味がとれるようになるまで)\n\n大切なのは｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣というところです。例えば｢This is an apple.｣という英文を理解するためにわざわざ｢これはリンゴです。｣と訳すことはないはずです。それをもっとレベルの高い英文でもできるようにする感じです。最初は精読も音読もなかなかできず、効率が悪いと感じるかもしれませんが、慣れてくるとどんな英文であっても読むスピードも正確性もどんどん向上していくので結果的に効率がいい勉強方法だと言えます。\n\nまた、模試と同様にある程度期間をあけて復習するのはとてもオススメです。その復習方法は以下のようにしましょう。\n\n①音読する\n②音読しながら理解できないところがあったら文法や和訳を確認する\n③一周したら、その後何度か音読する\n\n一度丁寧に精読した上に音読を繰り返し行っているので、多少期間が空いても少し文法や和訳を復習すれば比較的簡単に再びスラスラ読めるようになるはずです。\n\n少しでも参考になれば幸いです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"音読の仕方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！回答させてもらいます！\n その気持ちめちゃめちゃわかります！文を読んでるうちにその文が何いってるかわからなくなるやつですよね！！自分もその状態が長く続いて、何がいけないのかすごく悩みました。僕なりに対処法を書いておくので、為になると思ったら参考にしてみてください。\n\n 僕も最初は１つの文を細かく区切って読んでいました。単語の意味もわかるし、構文解釈もできる。けど一回で理解できない状態でした。\n そこから僕が試行錯誤して出したやり方が、\n    もっと大雑把に文全体に目を通す\nって言うイメージでした。目を英文に近づけて、単語を読むことに集中していては文のイメージは湧きづらいと思いました。だから、１つの文が一気に目に入るくらいの距離で１つの単語にこだわりすぎないようにし、自分の限界のスピードで目を通してみてください。イメージがつかみやすくなるはずです。\n\nんーなんかわかりづらくてすみません！わからないことあったらメッセージでもなんでも質問してください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文法の勉強の仕方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n英文法の勉強方法としては\n① 講義を見て理解→②とにかく問題を解く\n\nこの２ステップだと思います！\n\n① YouTubeただよびの森田先生の基礎英文法講座orスタサプ関先生の授業\n\nやはり文法は映像で見たほうが講義系の参考書よりも早くて理解が深まるかなと思います。自分は受験生時代森田先生の授業で教えてもらいかなりよかったしただよびも今見ていますがかなり分かりやすいので初歩から始めるにはもってこいだと思います！\n\n② そこからvintageが難しいのであれば関先生の英文法ポラリスがおすすめです！レベル別に分かれているので基礎から積み上げながらしっかり確認できると思います！\n\nまた、文法の問題の復習の仕方は以下のやり方がおすすめです！参考にしてみてください！\n\n① 問題を解く（vintageや英文法ポラリスなど）\n\n② 問題集の解説をみて問題が解けるようになるだけではなくどうすれば解けるかをしっかり理解する。（それでもわからなかったらその単元のスタディサプリなどの文法の授業のテキストを見直す）\n\n③ もう一度問題を解き直す。（この時にただ答えを覚えているから解けるのではなく解説通りの道筋でしっかり自力で解けるかを自分で試す。）\n\nこの3つを繰り返していけば文法が身について解けるようになっていくと思います！！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）\n\nまた、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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