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1b:Tc0f,国語は京大模試で偏差値78、共テ本番でも9割のった経験があるため、アドバイス失礼します。

まず、③の精読についてですが、私は学校の授業で扱った文章に対して「模試やテストならここに傍線が引かれて問われそうだな」と思うところを見つけてオリジナル問題を作っていました。
例えば、
・指示語があったら
→「’これ‘とはなにか本文中の言葉を用いて答えなさい」
・わかりにくい比喩があったら
→「〇〇とありますがどういうことかわかりやすく説明しなさい」
・理由が聞かれそうなら
→「筆者が〇〇と考えるのはどうしてか答えなさい」
などのように、問題作成者になりきって作っていました。問題を実際に作り、解くだけではもちろん不十分なので、10点満点になるように自分で解答の要素を①②‥のように作っていました！（模試の解答解説を作るのと同じ感じです）
受験生になると、一つの文章に対して精読できる時間は減ってしまいます。ですが、学校の授業は一つの文章をある程度時間をかけて扱うと思うので、授業で扱う文章から読み取れることは全部読むぞ！という気概を持ってオリジナル問題を作って、解答作成までするのはオススメです。

①②に関してですが、れいぽんさんの現代文のレベルが分かりかねるため、どのレベルの問題や参考書をおすすめしたら良いか分かりませんが、私が使っていたのは『得点奪取現代文』（河合塾出版）と『世界一わかりやすい京大国語』（KADOKAWA）でした。
使っていた理由は、解答に採点基準となる要素が明確に示されていたからです。
使い方としては、問題を解いた後、解答を書き写すのではなく、採点基準の要素を見た上で、改めて自分の言葉で解答を作って書いてみました。最終的には実際の解答を見ながら、最初に何も見ずにかいた答案と要素を見て書いた答案の２つを丸つけます。改めて作った答案が満点の解答ができていたら、その問題が理解できた！クリア！という形です。

ここまで長く話してしまいましたが、受験生の忙しい時期に精読を求めすぎるのは、必ずしも良いとは言えないかもしれません。特に、現代文に割ける時間や、レベルは人によって本当に様々なので、今精読をやるべきなのか見極めることも重要です！時間がないならば、問題を実際に解いていくしかないです！笑（問題を解いたら、前述した要素で自己採点するのを本当にオススメします）

勉強頑張ってください！色んなことに興味を持ちながら、自分の後悔しない進路を見つけられますように願っております📣1d:Teab,こんにちは😃

現代文を解く上で最も大事なことはその文章が何を言いたいのかということを掴むことだと思います。
特に評論文などは筆者の主張が言葉を変えて、何回も登場してきます。だから、キーワードとなる語や繰り返し出てくる語にはチェックを付けて読んでいました。
また、二項対立で論じられている文章では一方の事柄については普通に線を引いて、もう一方の事柄については波線を引いていました。同じように筆者の中でプラスの事とマイナスの事も後から見て分かるように違うマークを付けて区別していました。共通テスト模試は時間制限も厳しく、丁寧な読解はなかなか厳しいですが、練習の中で主張の言い換えを見つけたり、対立軸を意識する事が大事になってくると思います。あと、当然ですが接続詞や文意を変えたりする表現には気をつけて読みましょう！
なので、現代文を解く上で身につける力としては、その文章の言いたいことをできるだけ早く見抜くことです。
なかなか難しいことですが、これに関しては問題演習をして経験値を積むしかないです。実際にペンを持って言葉と言葉をつなげたり、文章にマークや線を引く練習をしていくことが最初の内はベストだと思います。
とにかく、自分の中で筆者の意見や考えが分類できていることが分かり、整理されていれば大丈夫です🙆‍♂️
また、完璧に筆者の言いたいことが分からなくても全然オッケーです。あくまで、問題に正解することがやるべきことで、主張を理解するのはそのための足掛かりですから。

あと、選択肢を消す際に数字や記号のところを消すのではなく、間違っている箇所に印を付けるクセも大切です。一発で答えが出せる設問もありますが、共通テストレベルの問題でもイヤらしい問題が多く、その場合消去法でしか消せない時があり、わずかな違いが大切になってくるからです。
それから、質問者さんがどのような形で現代文を取り組んでるか分かりませんが設問を先に読んで問われることを先に分かっておくことは共通テストの現代文を速く解く秘訣だと思います。選択肢までは見ないですが、共通テスト特有の図表やグラフの問題は先に見ておくと結構すぐに解けることがあります。
最後に、私もいつもできたわけではないですが、自分と文の筆者、そして作問者の3者を問題を解く際に意識してました。なぜこの文章を大学側が出し、ここに傍線部を持ってきているのか、共通テストであれ、個別入試であれ国語という入学試験である以上必ず意味があるはずです。問題を作っている人の意図や大学側の伝えたいメッセージを考えながら俯瞰して読めことができるようになれば現代文に関しては大丈夫です。

現代文の読解は人それぞれなので私の読み方が必ずしも正しいとは限りませんが、是非参考にして下さい！

受けておいた方がいい模試に関しては河合塾の早慶レベル模試や代ゼミの早大入試プレなどです。
やはり冠模試は実際の受験者が多く受けるので、自分の立ち位置を知る上で非常に役に立ちます。

また、質問があればぜひ聞いてください！
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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"精読の方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\n\n得意科目が現代文とのことですので、ある程度の読解能力がある方が私立で出題されがちな難解な文章に対して高得点をとる方法をお伝えしたいと思います。\n\nまず初めに地道に手を動かすことをおすすめしておきたいと思います。具体的には接続詞ごとに記号をつける(順接なら矢印、など)、出題されそうなところは丸で囲っておくとかですね。\nこれをすることによって問題文に戻った時にひと目で文章構造がわかりますし、わかったつもりになって読み飛ばしてしまうといった事態も予防できます。特に緊張すると思考が上滑りして内容が頭に入ってこないこともあるので問題文を汚すのはマストと言ってもいいかもしれません。復習に際しても当時何を考えていたかわかるというオマケつきです。\n\nまた、抽象度の高い文章だと読んでいて結局何が言いたいのか分からないということは起こりがちですよね。こうした事が起こりうる文章において選択肢を事前に見てしまうのは非常に危険です。一見まともなことが書いてあっても本文の主張からは外れる、といったことはよくあるのでそうした選択肢に引っ張られたまま読み進めてしまうのは失点に直結するミスだと言えます。\n\n加えて時間配分についても1つお話しておきます。現代文の読解にかける時間というのは迷いがちな部分かと思いますが、一通り受験を終えたものの所感としては文章の抽象度に関わらずじっくり読むに限ります。Naokiさんもおっしゃる精読ですね。\n問題数を重ねていればある程度は自然にスピードも上がってくるのでこれで十分です。点数で悩み始めると速読の誘惑がやってきますが、丁寧に文章に向き合うことを忘れないでください。\n\n応援しています。頑張ってください！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文の勉強方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私は、最後の最後で東大から東工大に船乗りした身ですので、受験期に国語はしっかり勉強しており、むしろ得意科目のうちの1つです。ですので、ぜひ見てくれるとありがたいです！\n\n結論から述べますと、現代文は｢知ってる｣人が無双する科目です。何を｢知っている｣のかを2つ目説明します。\n\n1つ目）背景知識を知っている\n近代科学と現代科学の思想の違い（物身二元論とか）などの、一見現代文の題材は全く初見にみえるかもしれませんが、実は典型的な題材というものがあります。『現代文キーワード』のような参考書で代表的な題材と論理の展開を掴んでおくと、筆者が何を言いたいのかが、驚くほどみえてきます。そのような勉強を始めても、最初は初見の題材ばっかで心が折れそうになるかもしれません。しかし、普段触れる現代文をしっかりこなすだけで受験期直前期には余裕で1巡し、たいていが｢見たことある｣の状態になります。勝ちです。\n\n2つ目）設問の背景を知っている\nこれは問題の解き方にも繋がっていきます。1度解いた問題を研究してみましょう。何題も解くより1題を研究して設問意図を見抜く練習をした方が遥かに力になります。例えば、｢この設問は本文のこの論理関係を見抜けるかを問うている｣などです。この練習をするうちに別の題材を解く時に、本文を読みながら自分で設問のタネを見つけることが出来ます。読み進めているうちに、この論理関係は設問にできるな、チェックしとこう、というように大まかに山をはることができます。このような読み方はメリットがたくさんあります。1つ目は山はりが当たった場合、設問を瞬殺できることです。2つ目は、そのような読み方は最後まで読んだ時に、本文の論理関係を取りこぼしなく綺麗にすくい取ることができることです。結果的に、何度も読み直すことなく順当に設問に挑めます。\n\nあなたのように読解に時間がかかっている人は、本文の読み方がよろしくない可能性が高いです。上記のように（研究を通して確かな実力を備えた上で）山を張りながら読むことで時短どころか精度も上がります。漠然とした演習に目的も見いだせて一石二鳥どころではありません。現代文は勉強の仕方を誤ると時間の無駄になります。入試本番までの限られた時間で、効率よく、確実に実力をつけながら成長できる一例を紹介しました。参考になれば幸いです！勉強頑張ってください！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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mb-1","children":"現代文の復習はまず解答解説を熟読する。次にもう1度本文を読む。そして解きなおす。の3ステップです。多少時間はかかりますが、この3ステップを繰り返すと次第に文章の構造をつかめるようになります。\n目安は1時間くらいかけてもいいくらいです。慣れてきたら短くしましょう。私は大体以下のように時間をかけていましたが、受験直前は時間短縮で30分くらいで3ステップをやっていました。\n復習をしたら、さらに現代文を得意にするテクニックがあります。それがフロー図の作成です。これは評論、小説どちらでも活用できます。評論問題の場合はまずノートを2分割します。評論問題は文章構造が二項対立になっていて筆者が言いたいこととそうでないことの2つの軸に沿って展開されますので、それを段落ごとに順を追ってノートに書いていきます。\nここで重要なのができるだけ字は書かずに、矢印を使ったり、図を入れたりしてできるだけシンプルにまとめましょう。小説は分割する必要はないので登場人物の心情変化や場面背景を示しながら描いていきましょう。こうするとより文章の構造や心情変化に気づくことができます。\nこれで総仕上げです。原稿用紙やマス目のあるノートに文章要約をしてみましょう。要約は文章を200字以内でしてみましょう。この200字はちょうど文章をまとめやすい字数だと言われているので文章を簡潔にそして要点をまとめあげましょう。前段階のフロー図がきれいにできていると要約するのもかなり楽です。\nここまでできると相当深い理解につながります。ここまでしっかり復習できるとだんだん初見の問題でも要点や筆者の主張がわかるようになってきます。そうなると現代文の得点はぐんぐんあがっていきます。要約したものは学校の先生などに添削してもらうとよりいいです。\n一般的に現代文は力を伸ばすことが難しいと言われていますが、しっかりした方法で対策をすれば確実に得点力を鍛えることができます。現代文ができるようになるということは物事を論理的に考えたり、自分の思っていることを端的に伝えることができるようになることにもつながります。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文読み方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私は読みながら解く派でしたね。\n高校の時は林修先生に現代文を習っていたので、その解き方を少し教えます。\nそもそも、現代文のテストとは筆者の主張・論点を受験生が理解しているかを試験官が試すものです。したがって、設問は筆者の主張に即しています。大抵の(読むに値する文章を書く)筆者は数段落ごとに分けて論じてきます。つまり、この範囲を理解していますか？と聞くのが一つ一つの設問なのです。ですから、私の場合は文脈がひと段落したところで設問を解く→また次の範囲を読むという順番で解いています。\nまた、よく文章全体を見て解く問題がありますが、また最初から読み始める必要はありません。設問とその回答を見れば良いのです。良い現代文の問題は、設問をたどっていけばその文章の要約になっています。ですから、文章全体を知りたければ設問を見れば良いのです。\n\n個々人で好みはあるので一概にこれが正しいとは言えませんが、私の場合はこの解き方で現代文に困ったことはありません。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文 読み方・解き方 どっちが正解"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんばんは。\n私も高３の夏まで北海道大学志望でした。\n\n北海道大学を志望しているとのことですが、共通テスト･二次試験ともに、現代文ではある程度スピードと正確さのバランスが求められます。その点で、あなたのように「全体をしっかり読んで構造やテーマを把握してから解く」スタイルは、基礎力をしっかり育てるという意味で非常に良い姿勢だと思います。特に北大のような国立大学では、深い理解を前提とした設問も少なくありませんので、文章全体をきちんと読んで理解する力は確実に武器になります。\n\nただ、ご自身でも書かれているように、共通テストでは時間との戦いになるため、そのままの読み方では厳しくなる場面も出てくるかもしれません。そこでおすすめなのが、「設問に合わせて、読み方を使い分ける」ことです。\n\n例えば、\n\n選択肢が内容の正誤を問うものの場合は、先に設問や選択肢をざっと確認し、「何を読めばいいのか」という目的意識を持って本文に入る。\n\n傍線部の意味や理由を問うものは、傍線部の前後を丁寧に読みつつ、文脈から答えを探す。\n\n論理構造を問うものは、段落ごとの主張を整理しながら全体を読む。\n\n\nこのように、問題の種類によって「じっくり読むところ」と「ざっくり読むところ」を使い分けられるようになると、時間を短縮しつつ正答率も下がりにくくなるはずです。\n\nまた、日頃の勉強では、まずは全体を読んでから解く方法で基礎力を固めつつ、演習では「時間を意識した解き方」にも慣れていくのが理想です。どちらかを完全に選ぶのではなく、状況に応じて使い分けるという視点を持つと、より実践的な力がついていきますよ。\n\n現代文は感覚に頼るものではなく、論理と構造で解ける教科です。焦らず、着実に力を積み重ねていってください。北大現代文で問われるような「論理的思考」や「言葉の精度」は、あなたの読み方ととても相性が良いと思います。\n頑張ってください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文 読み方・解き方 どっちが正解"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"文系さん、はじめまして。早稲田大学社会科学部の散鮨です。講師ではないので、あくまで元受験生からの参考意見として受け止めて下さい。\n\n　私も文系さん同様、基本的には要約を掴んでから解く派です。私自身、途中まで読んで設問を見て、と解いていたこともありました。ですが、曖昧な理解で誤った解釈をしたり、または最後まで読み切って居ないのにひとつの設問でモヤモヤして停止してしまったりと、これではいけないと感じてしまいました。\n\n　特に、難関大の問題は、文章の内容そのものを理解していなければ解けないことが多いと感じます。速読力は後から上がるものだと思うので、まずは時間をかけて内容理解ができるようにするのが良いと思います。\n\n　また、共通テスト国語でも設問読みをしなくても良いのではと思います。共通テストの設問はあからさまに間違っているパターンが多く、たいていの場合内容さえわかっていれば解けます。難関大の問題をやった後だと、特にそう実感できると思います。難関大の問題では、内容をわかったうえで一文一文の表現を拾っていく必要があります。\n\n　しかし、文系さんのおっしゃる通り、共通テスト国語第一の課題は時間だと思います。ですが、難易度や文量を考えると、速読に寄せるべきなのは間違いなく古文漢文です。おおまかな時間配分は各大問20分(3のみ10分)になるかと思いますが、古文漢文(特に漢文)に関してはそこまでかからないことの方が多く、その分を現代文の大問2つに回してしまって構わないと思います。\n\n　ですが、この時期に｢解き終わらない｣｢時間が足りない｣という悩みはあまり気にしなくて良いと思います。速読は回数を重ねれば重ねるほどできるようになっていきます。1番危惧するべきは、根拠が見つけられず、最終的に“なんとなく”で回答してしまうことです。設問ごとに回答を出そうとすると、特にこの状況に陥りがちだと感じます。そのため、繰り返しになりますが、私は要約を掴むことをおすすめします。要約を理解していれば、たいていはしっかりと根拠のある回答が出ますし、それが間違っていたとしても間違えた理由を追究して次に繋げられるかと思います。\n\n　最後になりますが、私自身はじめての回答でしたので、拙い文章だったかと思います。申し訳ございません。このような意見があるのだと、少しでも参考にしていただければ幸いです。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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