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1c:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList3"] 18:T14a1,言っていることが多少捉えにくいですのでご注意下さい。あととても長いです… 難しい文章になると単語帳に載ってる言い方から離れた翻訳になることはよくあります。 自分が受験期にしていたことは、概念を意識することでした。単語の概念を意識すると型にはまることもなく文章を多様に訳せるようになります。 では、概念を意識するとはどういうことか。それは、類語を意識することだと思ってください。例えばですが、preventという単語の意味に関して、概念の範疇内で違った言い方(訳し方)をできる限り多く頭に浮かべてください。(限界まで浮かべたら下へ) どうでしょうか。恐らく浮かんだ数が多ければ多い人ほど柔軟な翻訳能力が備わっていると思います。 「防ぐ」「阻む」「抑え込む」「押しとどめる」「差し止める」「封じる」「禁じる」「庇う」「助ける」「おかげで〜回避できる」…など、単語帳に載っていない沢山の異なる言い方があると思います。意味の類語から類語へとどんどん連想していくだけで適切な訳が見つかってきます。 「助ける」や「おかげで〜回避できる」などに疑問を持った方も居ると思いますが、例えば、 He prevented me from repeating a year.という文では「彼が留年から私を救ってくれた。彼のおかげで留年しないで済んだ。」などという風に訳したほうが自然です。「彼は私を留年から防いだ。」という様な訳だと意味は通じるけれど翻訳の仕方が下手ですよね。これが臨機応変にその場に合った翻訳ができるということを指すのです。 難しい言い方をしますが、概念とは同類のものから共通部分をぬき出して得た表象であり、類語はその共通部分を帯びた言葉に当たります。場面に応じた翻訳の仕方が上手い人は、単語帳に載っている言い方だけでなく単語の意味を概念で捉えた上でその類語力に力があるのではないでしょうか。(伝わりにくかったらすみません) また、単語推測に関しては長文のトピックを掴んだ上で文章の流れや文脈、書き手の意思を汲み取って考えてみると知らない単語の意味が推測できますよ。 例えば、形容詞 jubilant を例に文を作ります。 She has jubilant eyes for a perfect score in math. この場合、 文脈を見るべきですよね。jubilant という単語は良い意味なのか悪い意味なのかどちらなのでしょうか。それは、for以下を見れば a perfect score から jubilant が良い意味だということがわかりますよね。 「彼女は数学で100点満点を取って嬉しそうな目をしている。」 実際はこのように簡単にはいきませんが、長文の途中で未知の単語が出てきても前後の文脈が理解できれば多少は意味が推測できるはずです。(動詞や形容詞なら意味的にマイナスかプラスかなど) 以上の二点(類語連想、文脈理解)を踏まえて、実践してみましょう。 下記の英文はある料理本に載っている注釈の一部を抜粋したものです。 If your recipe is for a dessert, soup, or other item recommended as a side course, please nail down your submission includes suggestions for main dishes that it would complement. 上手く翻訳できるでしょうか。 ポイントは4つあります。 ①nail down ②submission ③suggestions ④complement submissionとは「提案、提出、投稿」などの意味ですがここではレシピに関する話をしているので、料理そのものを指しますよね。 suggestionsは「示唆」や「暗示」を表しますがこの場合、名詞で訳さず動詞的に「しそう、できそう」と訳した方が適切な翻訳になりますよね。 complementは「を完全にする」などの意味ですがそれだと意味的に通らないので、類語を連想して文脈に当てはめると「を引き立たせる、を映えさせる」とすることができますよね。 最後に、nail downですがこれは以上の3点を理解した後に意味が見えてきます。「〜するようにする」の意味ですが、pleaseやsubmission以降の文からわかるはずです。 従って、和訳は 「お作りになるレシピがデザートやスープなどのサイドメニューでしたらメイン料理を上手く引き立たせられるようご確認下さい。」 となります。 結論何が言いたいかというと、適切な訳を思いつくようにするには類語を連想することが手っ取り早いということです。単語推測に関しては国語的な力も必要ですが(文脈や筆者の言いたいことに対する理解)、鍛錬すれば「あ、今こんなこと言ってるんだな」って勝手に分かってきます。頑張ってください。 1a:Ted3,こんにちは！ 長文が読めない原因はいくつかあると思いますがその中でも主にこの３つのどこかではないかと思います！！ ① 単語を覚えていない ② 解釈が上手くできていない ③ 長文に慣れていない まず①ではとにかく単語帳を1冊完璧にしましょう！！また、単語帳で覚えていく時の注意点は以下のようなことだと思います！ ① 単語を単語帳の場所で意味を覚えない。 これは結構あるあるなのですがどうしても何回も単語帳をやっていると意外とこういうことに陥りやすいです！こういう時は派生語をやるのに移ったりしていくのがいいと思います！ ② 単語帳での単語が出てくるスピードを速くする 単語は見た瞬間に0.1秒で意味が出でこなければ長文で使えるような単語にはなりません。思い出しているようではダメで反射的にでなければいけないと思います。 ③ 単語をイメージで覚えていない。 例えばexpandっていう単語があって【拡大する】っていう日本語訳がでてくるだけではなく広がっていくイメージをその単語に植え付けると長文中でてきたときにそのイメージのまま読むことができます！これは何個も意味がある単語や多義語などにも有効だと思います！ 是非参考にやってみてください！！ ② 次に解釈ですがまずは1から英文解釈をやるのであればスタサプの人気講師である肘井先生の肘井学の読解のための英文法がいいと思います！これはかなり基礎から英文解釈をしっかり解説されていてとてもわかりやすいのでおすすめです！ この後は基礎英文解釈の技術100がいいと思います！ 自分がおすすめする英文解釈のルートは以下の通りです。参考にしてみてください！！ 肘井学の読解のための英文法→基礎英文解釈の技術100（ここまででMARCH、関関同立）→ポレポレ（早慶レベル） また、解釈の参考書のやり方は以下のやり方がおすすめです！参考にしてみてください！！ ① 全文読んでSVOCをとっていく。（和訳はどちらでもOKです。最悪読むだけでも大丈夫ですがとにかく構文を掴んで意味を掴むことに意識を集中させることが大切です！） ② 解説を見て構文をとりなおして訳をなおす。 ③ しっかり一文ずつ構文がわかり訳ができるようになったら最初から音読する。 ④ つっかえずに音読できるようになったら次に進む。 最後に③ですがとにかく長文では慣れていくことが大切だと思います！！ 読解の参考書のおすすめは英語長文ポラリスと英語長文ソリューションシリーズです！！ ソリューション1→ポラリス1（共通テストレベル）→ソリューション2→ポラリス2（MARCHレベル）→ソリューション3→ポラリス3（早慶レベル） このようにやっていくのがおすすめです！！ 参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！） また、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！25分間で現役の大学生と話すことができ、勉強について相談できるというサービスです！こちらを利用したい方はメッセージお待ちしています！！ 勉強頑張ってください！！ 2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文で知らない単語が出てきたらどうすればいい？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"いや、不十分な自覚があるなら先に単語やってください。\n\n単語学習をしっかりやった上でわからない時は仰るように文脈や語源での推測でいいと思います。\n\n単語を調べて長文解いていいかは長文の難易度によりますね。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"分からない単語の類推とは何か！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"慶應の経済学部の者です。\n英語は受験生時代かなり頑張ったので、回答させていただきます。\n名詞を類推するのか、動詞を類推するのか、類推しうるものはたくさんありますが、正直名詞は知らなきゃ終わりな一面もあるので、広く応用でき、文の理解や、他の単語の類推にも役立つ動詞の類推について話したいと思います。\n\n例えば give 物 to 人 という文型はご存知ですよね？\nこのように 動詞(以後Vと書きます) A to B というような文型を取る動詞はいくつ思いつきますか？\nノートに書き出してみてください。\nそれでは問題です。\n次の文を訳してみてください。\n\nNo special treatment was accorded to both countries. \n\nどうですか？訳せますか？\nまず受動態だと文が訳しにくそうなので、能動態に直してみたいと思います。\n\n主語は何か特定できないためここでは便宜上Sとすると\n\nS accoded no special treatment to both countries.\n\nとなりますね。\n何か見えてきませんか？\nそうです、文型がgive A to Bの形をしているのです。\nつまり、ここでのaccordの意味はgiveに近いものなのでは？と推測出来ます。\n(実際accordには与えるという意味があります。)\nこのように、英語では同じ文型を取る動詞が同じような意味を取ることが往々にあります。\n\nだから類推力を高めるには、自分の力で似た形を取る動詞をグルーピングしてまとめるのです。\n\nすると、知らない単語や、見たことはあるけど意味が取れない単語の推測がうまくいく機会が増えていくと思います。\n\n問題は質問者様が高校三年生であること。あまり英語ばかりに構ってる時間はありません。\n\nだから夏休みが終わるまでは一週間に2〜3時間ほど時間をとって動詞のグルーピングに励み、秋以降はそれを復習するというスタンスで勉強するというのはいかがでしょうか？\n難関校になればなるほど、この類推力を試してくる傾向にあります。\n\nこんな方法じゃ大変そうで無理だと思うなら、諦めて単語帳を詰め込んで覚えましょう。単語を覚えていれば類推する必要なんて無いのですから。\n\n長々と書いてしまいましたが、僕から示せる指針はこんな感じです。\n是非頑張って慶應に合格してきてください！\n応援しています！\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文を意味の通った日本語に訳すことができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です。\n\n単語を知っていて、文法も理解しているのに意味不明な日本語訳を作ってしまうと原因としては、現代文が苦手ということが考えられます。そもそも日本語の意味がよく分かっておらず、英語から訳してみたところで、自分でかみ砕けないのかなと。\nもしそうであれば、英単語を少しわかりやすい日本語に変えることをお勧めします。このやり方は私が受験生の時に、塾の先生から教わりました。簡単な例を出すと、例えば「画一的な雰囲気のある」というより、「同じような雰囲気のある」と訳したほうが、ちゃんと理解できている感じがありませんか？単語帳に載っている日本語訳ってどうしても固いというか、漢語調なことが多いので、自分なりに変形してみるのも効果的だと思います。また、もし結構な英語力があるなら、英英辞典を利用してみるのも一つの手です！割と易しめの英語で構成されていることが多い(難しい単語を使って説明すると、それもまた調べなくてはいけない)ので、英語力もつき一石二鳥かもしれません！\n少しでもお役に立てたらうれしいです。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"いまから単語王はやれるのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"今から単語王をやるのは、他の教科に余裕がない限り避けるべきだと思います\n...。\n1100語の単語帳＋リンガメタリカをしっかり詰めておけば、知識的には何も問題は無いはずなので、その2冊を受験本番までしっかり回していけばいいと感じます！\nそれまでやって分からない単語が試験で出るなら、それは受験生の9割は絶対に分からない単語です。読解にあたり無視しても平気なもの、および前後関係から推測することができるものです。\n\n今はこれまでやってきた2冊を「完璧にやった」と自信が持てるくらいやり込みましょう。今別の単語帳に手を出すと、逆に知識が曖昧になってしまいます！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文で出てきた初見の単語や熟語"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"初見の単語、熟語は一番悩みどころかもしれません。\n本番出たらどうしよう。とか考えてしまうのも無理はありません。\n\nしかしながら反面、それを全部やってたらキリがないのも事実です。英和辞典を全部覚えるようなものなので。\n\nだから大事なのは『割り切れること』です。\n\n例えば、英単語帳２冊やったら\n「この２冊が俺の頭の中だ！」とし、もし初見が出たならば文章を読みながらその単語だけはカタカナで考えていく。みたいな。\n\n例えばcaterpillarという単語がわからなくて、キャタピラーととりあえず訳しておいて読み進めていくと、butterfly（蝶々）や、eat cabbage（キャベツを食べる）といったものから、「あ、caterpillarって幼虫のことか！そういえばポケモンにキャタピーってのがいたわ！」みたいな感じでわかります。ちなみに幼虫もブルトーザーなどについているキャタピラーも同じ語源です。\n\n実際ポケモンがよくヒントになったりもするので、知ってると得ですよ笑\n\n大学側も求めてる単語のレベルはそこまで高くはありません。大抵英検準一級レベルまでです。それ以上を出す場合には注をつけるか、もしくは内容的に推測可能かの二択であり、そのどちらでもないときは解答に絡ませてはきません。\n\nなので、まずは割り切って単語帳だけに集中してください。私の言ってる意味がわかるのは文章問題をいくつも解いた後なので。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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