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18:Tf6c,成績不振の原因は色々ありますのでピンポイントで特定するのは難しいです。しかし現代文の力は大きく分けて3つあると考えて良いでしょう。反対にその3つのどれかが欠けていたら成績に影響を与える可能性があるので参考までにお聞きください！

【１つ注意点】
現代文が元からできる自称凡人の天才は自分なりのやり方を確立してこれをやればみんなできる！と豪語します。しかし、そういう人に限って上手く言語化できていないし再現可能性がとても低い天才特有のやり方なので惑わされずに定石どおりに勉強しましょう。

【現代文を安定させる3つの力】
現代文は「語彙力」と「論点力(テーマ)」と「設問力」の３つの力を体系的に伸ばす事で成績が安定する科目だと断言できます。

まず「語彙力」について。語彙力は現代文キーワード集や漢字帳などを覚える事で身につくものです。結局この力が全ての基礎となり最重要なので怠らないようにしましょう。早稲田では言葉の意味をダイレクトに問う設問も散見されます。また、物の見え方は言葉を知れば知るほど細かく厳密になります。より詳しい読解を得るためには出来るだけ言葉を知りましょう。幸いな事に大学受験では知るべき言葉が決められています。キーワード集や漢字帳を完璧にして現代文を細かく見ましょう。

2つ目に「論点力」です。これはテーマ力とも言い換えられるのですが、難関大受験のためには必須と言えるでしょう。先ほど「物の見え方は知れば知るほど細かく厳密になる」と言いました。これは記号論という頻出論点を知っていたらピンと来るはずです。このように頭のいい人は頭のいい人がわかりやすいように(僕が頭いいみたいになっててすみませんが便宜上って事で🙇‍♂️)学術的な論点を物事の起点として評論を展開します。すなわち、記号論や近代化やナショナリズムなど頭のいい人たちが知ってて当然でしょ？と考える論点は評論を読む上では必須なんです。それらを知っていれば展開がある程度予想でき理解に困る事はほとんどなくなるはずです。大学側もそのくらいは知っているでしょ？というスタンスで出題しています(興味があれば『教養としての大学受験国語』で出題者側の視点も見れるので参考までに)。

3つ目に「設問力」です。これはとりわけ難関大に必要な力です。難関大学では、空欄補充や論述、脱文挿入などやや解くのが面倒な設問があります。早稲田レベルの内容一致問題も対象です。そうした設問を初見で自力で解こうとするとどうしても時間がかかってしまいます。時間が命の試験である以上そう言った設問の事前対策は必須なのです。それぞれの設問の解き方などは長くなるのでここでは省きますが念頭に置いといてください。

最後にこれら3つの力を”体系的“に身につけることが大切であると覚えておいてください。語彙と論点を覚えてすぐに文章を読み設問を解くのです。同時並行的に伸ばして行くことに意義があるのです。なぜか漢字と論点は完璧に覚えているのに問題が解けない人が多くいます。その人は問題を解く量が圧倒的に足りておらず覚える事だけで満足してしまっているのです。そうした頭でっかちにならないためにも”体系的“な学習を心がけてください！！


1a:Teab,こんにちは😃

現代文を解く上で最も大事なことはその文章が何を言いたいのかということを掴むことだと思います。
特に評論文などは筆者の主張が言葉を変えて、何回も登場してきます。だから、キーワードとなる語や繰り返し出てくる語にはチェックを付けて読んでいました。
また、二項対立で論じられている文章では一方の事柄については普通に線を引いて、もう一方の事柄については波線を引いていました。同じように筆者の中でプラスの事とマイナスの事も後から見て分かるように違うマークを付けて区別していました。共通テスト模試は時間制限も厳しく、丁寧な読解はなかなか厳しいですが、練習の中で主張の言い換えを見つけたり、対立軸を意識する事が大事になってくると思います。あと、当然ですが接続詞や文意を変えたりする表現には気をつけて読みましょう！
なので、現代文を解く上で身につける力としては、その文章の言いたいことをできるだけ早く見抜くことです。
なかなか難しいことですが、これに関しては問題演習をして経験値を積むしかないです。実際にペンを持って言葉と言葉をつなげたり、文章にマークや線を引く練習をしていくことが最初の内はベストだと思います。
とにかく、自分の中で筆者の意見や考えが分類できていることが分かり、整理されていれば大丈夫です🙆‍♂️
また、完璧に筆者の言いたいことが分からなくても全然オッケーです。あくまで、問題に正解することがやるべきことで、主張を理解するのはそのための足掛かりですから。

あと、選択肢を消す際に数字や記号のところを消すのではなく、間違っている箇所に印を付けるクセも大切です。一発で答えが出せる設問もありますが、共通テストレベルの問題でもイヤらしい問題が多く、その場合消去法でしか消せない時があり、わずかな違いが大切になってくるからです。
それから、質問者さんがどのような形で現代文を取り組んでるか分かりませんが設問を先に読んで問われることを先に分かっておくことは共通テストの現代文を速く解く秘訣だと思います。選択肢までは見ないですが、共通テスト特有の図表やグラフの問題は先に見ておくと結構すぐに解けることがあります。
最後に、私もいつもできたわけではないですが、自分と文の筆者、そして作問者の3者を問題を解く際に意識してました。なぜこの文章を大学側が出し、ここに傍線部を持ってきているのか、共通テストであれ、個別入試であれ国語という入学試験である以上必ず意味があるはずです。問題を作っている人の意図や大学側の伝えたいメッセージを考えながら俯瞰して読めことができるようになれば現代文に関しては大丈夫です。

現代文の読解は人それぞれなので私の読み方が必ずしも正しいとは限りませんが、是非参考にして下さい！

受けておいた方がいい模試に関しては河合塾の早慶レベル模試や代ゼミの早大入試プレなどです。
やはり冠模試は実際の受験者が多く受けるので、自分の立ち位置を知る上で非常に役に立ちます。

また、質問があればぜひ聞いてください！
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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文 何すれば良いんでしょうかね。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"実は回答者も国語伸びるの時間かかって、\n結局最終的に伸びてくれたのでよかったのだけれど\n\n問題集だけやってた頃はあんまり伸びなくて。\n\nで、劇的に、あ、現代文わかるようになってきたわ、と思ったのは、慶應受けるにあたり、小論をやり始めた頃からだったんだよね。\n\nつまり小論対策をすると現代文なぜかできるようになります！\n慶應受ける気なかったら、文章を構成するような小論ガチガチの対策はしなくていいけれど、\n「要約」の練習は結構良いと思う。単純に要点拾うのうまくなるので。\n\nまあ今から小論とか賭けだろ、みたいなふうに思っちゃうかもしれないけれど、一か八かやってみても損はないと思うな。とりあえず10月だけでも隙間時間に要約の練習してみたらいいんじゃないかな。\n\n\n\nで、裏話みたいな話なんだけれど\n現代文含め古文とか漢文とか、国語総じて苦手な人は慶應受けたら良いと思うんだよね笑\n小論のほうが遥かに楽だし、本番やばいこと書かなければ、ふつうに論理的に説得力もたせて書ければ減点のしようもない。そして小論は11月からとかからやり始めても全然間に合う(というか慶應合格者も小論あんまり勉強していないけどなんか書けた~~みたいな人が多い)。まあ、、参考程度に。\n\n\nまとめると、\n問題集やって伸びなければ小論(要約練習)！\n\n色んなやり方あるのでどれを選ぶかは質問者さん次第だけれど、一応こんなやり方もありますということで頭の片隅にでも入れといてみて。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"点数を上げるためにやるべきことはなんですか？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"単語をノートにまとめることは悪いことではないですが、わからない単語があっても先にどんどん進んでいく力をつけることで語彙力不足を解消できる可能性があります。そのために、現代文読解の速度を上げる訓練と重要な点だけを読解しながらあぶり出していく感性を磨く訓練が大切です。\nZ会が出している『現代文キーワード読解』という本があります。\n実際に手にとってもらえれば説明するよりもよくお分かりいただけると思いますが、中には難しめの単語の説明と、その単語が出てくる短めの文章が掲載されています。\nその文章を毎日要約する練習をしてみましょう。一緒に、掲載されている難単語の意味も覚えましょう。\n文章下には、要約の模範解答も載っていますから、上手く要約出来ない場合は、本文を読んだ後に要約文と見比べて、どういったところを残し、どういったところを削っているのかという点をしっかり確認しましょう。\n慶應志望とのことですが、論文試験では学部を問わず要約が頻繁に出されます。\n要約の練習を今から始めておくことは決して悪いことではないはずです。\nそして何より、要約ができるということは、文の要旨と構造を把握する能力が高いということを意味しますから、現代文読解能力の向上に要約練習が有効なことは明らかです。\n結局現文は、解説を聞いて復習の際にそれを上からなぞるだけでは読解力向上は難しいのです。\nまず自分で解いてみる、そしてその上で解答を聞いて現文に向かう際の感性を養っていく必要があります。\n毎日根気よく取り組めば、個人差はあれど必ず感性は磨かれていきます。\n\n受験勉強頑張ってください。慶應でお待ちしています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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mb-1","children":"塾で教えてる中で私が見る限りの現代文ができない理由を羅列します。\n\n①語彙力、背景知識不足\n→これが一番多い原因な気がします。漢字は解けても、文章にある語句の意味を正確に理解してないってことが多いです。(例えば、パラダイムとか帰納、演繹、ア・プリオリとか)語句の意味がわからないと、文章の意味を掴めないばかりでなく、選択肢中にある言い換え表現もうまく掴むことが出来なくなってしまい、それが原因で選択肢を選び間違えるということが起こってしまいます。\n\nまた、背景知識に関してです。これは英語にもよくあることなのですが、例えばルネサンスがテーマの文章が出てくると、世界史選択の目線としてはなんとなくどのようなパターンの結論を導くか予想できます。このように背景知識のあるなしは現代文の成績に繋がると言えます。\n\n②傍線部周辺の情報に囚われすぎている\n→現代文において、問題になっている傍線部周辺に答えがある可能性は高いです。しかし、必ずしもそうとは限りません。\n\n特に共通試験やセンターの問題は「ここまでの内容を正確に読み取れているか？」という内容の問題ばかりです。なので、「答えを拾う」作業よりは、「該当箇所までの段落の趣旨は何なのか」を掴むことの方が正しい回答に直結します。\n\n傍線部周辺だけを見ていると、まさに「木を見て森を見ず」状態になってしまう訳です。\n\n以上の2つが非常に多いです。というか、この2つができれば、現代文はできると思います。\n\nなので、以上の2つを意識して取り組んでください。その際はがむしゃらに量をこなすのではなく、復習に時間をかけてください。\n\n「この文は全体で何が言いたいのか」\n「どのような技法(対比とか)が使われているのか」\n「なぜこの選択肢は違うのか」\n「どこを直せばこの選択肢は正しくなるのか」\n「なぜここから意味を読み取れなくなってしまったのか」\n\nなどをしっかり理解できるまでが復習だと思っています。\n\n一応、おすすめの参考書も書いておきます。\n①の原因→Z会のキーワード読解\n②の原因→現代文読解力開発講座\nが個人的にお勧めです。頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"読解力は短期間では上がらない？ 慶應志望です"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"慶應商1年の者です！自分も投稿者さんと全く同じ現象だったのでとても気持ちが分かります。現代文が死ぬほど苦手で、そもそも過去問の英語の解説日本訳が理解できない感じでした笑\nそんな僕でも慶應に合格できたので、先生が1年あっても読解力は伸びないと言ったことは全く気にしなくて大丈夫ですよ！\nしかも慶應行きたいなら国語要らないですし笑\n読解力のない僕が勉強する際にいつも意識していたのは、文章を読む時、｢結局簡潔に言うと、この文は何を伝えたいんだろ｣ってことを考えることです。全ての文が理解出来なければならないなんてことはないんです。結局何が言いたいか、つまり文の核心が分かれば読めるんです。それを繰り返しやればいつの間にか抽象的な文でも言いたいことが分かってきます！\nぜひ頑張ってください！慶應で待ってますよ😄"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文 過去問復習はどうすればいいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まずは、①〜③の復習は非常に効果的だと思うので、それはそのまま継続してください。\n\n\nその上でお勧めしたいのは「要約又は論理構成図を書く」ことです。\n\n\n一般的な現代文の場合、英語のように一文一文を正確に読むというよりは、文章全体を見て何がどのように論じられているのかを読み取る方が大切です。なので復習の際には時間をかけていいので文章全体の論理の流れを明確にしてみましょう。\n\n\n例えば150字くらいで要約を書く場合、以下のステップでやると良いでしょう。\n⑴段落ごとの要旨を1,2行でまとめる（小要約）\n⑵小要約を全て繋げる\n⑶重複する内容を消したり日本語を整えたり\n\n\nこうすることにより、段落と段落の関係性も自ずと整理できるので、多少言葉が難しくても内容が入ってきやすくなるでしょう。現代文のために2冊目の単語帳をやる必要は僕もないと思います。\n\n\n文語文に関しては、あまりに意味がわからない文は文構造から捉え直しても良いでしょうが、基本的には不要でしょう。それよりも、文と文の繋がりを意識すると良いでしょう。前の文と後の文がどういう繋がりかたをしているのか、順接か逆接か、それとも補足なのかなどです。\n\n\nその上でもし時間に余裕があれば、一般的な現代文と同様に要約をまとめて論旨を捉えるのも復習としてはアリです。\n　"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文と格闘するは必要か"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"早稲田の現代文の質問とのことなので、こちらにフォーカスを当ててお答えしようと思います。結論から申しますと、現代文と格闘するは必要ないように感じます。なぜなら、早稲田の現代文は各学部特化した対策をしていく必要があるため、格闘をやった場合、当参考書は網羅的な一方で読解比重で問題へのアプローチがおろそかになりがちな側面があり、その点において非効率な学習になってしまう可能性があるからです。個人的には開発講座を極めることができるのなら格闘は必要ないです。担う役割がやや重複していますしね。その代わり、早稲田の国語を前倒しで11月あたりから始めることをお勧めします。こと国語におきましては早稲田になれることが重要です、頑張ってください！応援しています！\n\nまた何かありましたらぜひご質問ください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"共通テストの現代文が解けない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"「共通テスト施行調査ができないのでは早稲田など話にならない」→これは完全に間違ってると思いますよ。\n\nまず、お気づきのようですが、そもそも早稲田の現文と共通テスト問題は全く違います。共通テストは情報収集、処理能力を問うのに対し、早稲田の現文は読解の質を問うものが多いと私は思っています。故に、早稲田の現代文はそこまで時間がシビアではないです。(学部によりますが。)\n\n以上から、早稲田の現文で求められるのは、読解の深さと質です。具体的には、要約問題や段落ごとの並び替え問題、脱文挿入、空欄補充などです。これに対応するには仰る通りスピードを意識した演習よりも本質的な読解力を鍛えるべきだと思います。\n\nそれを鍛えるために、現代文読解力開発講座は非常におすすめです。私大の問題形式にも近いですし、何より本質的な読解をレクチャーしてくれます。私もこの参考書で現代文はかなりマシになりました。\n\n共通テストに関しても、仰る通り、ただ闇雲に演習を重ねるよりは、本質的な読解力をつけてから過去問演習に移るのが英断かと思います。\n\n夏に過去問10年分を解かせるという謎の風習があるようですが、受験は質問者さまにとって、年に1度しかありません。後悔のないように自分で考え、自分が必要だと感じることことに取り組むべきです。(勿論、チューターを含む周りのアドバイスも参考にしながら。)\n\nまとめると、\n「本質的な読解力をつけることを優先すべき。」\n「その為には読解力開発講座はおすすめ」\n「共通テストの現代文と早稲田の現代文、傾向はかなり異なる」\n\nって感じです！チューターの人も主観で言ってることが多いと思いますが、まぁ私の意見もバリバリに主観なので盲信せず参考にしてください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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