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1c:Tcde,ひたすら多読するのが一番の近道だと思います。記述で少しずつ落としてしまうのは、少し文構造を取り間違えたり、単語や熟語を知らなかったりするからですが、これに対する特効薬のようなものは無く、ただ沢山の長文に触れ、学び、慣れていく他ないと思います。残された時間が少なく焦ってしまうとは思いますが、根気よくやっていくしかありません。

英語は、①単語②文法③解釈④長文⑤英作の5つをこの順にやるのが良いと言われることが多いです。ただ①、②を完璧にすることは不可能なので、何となくできてきたら次に進むのが良いと思います。質問者さんが高校三年生であることを考えると、解釈または長文をするのがいいと思います(同時並行で英作をやるのもアリ)。問題集としては、基礎英文問題精講、基礎長文問題精講をおすすめします。

説明問題は、適当な部分を見つけて訳す問題、すなわち英文和訳の問題に帰着されるとよく言われます。説明問題に対処するためには、まず英文を訳せるようにならなければなりません。英文を訳すためには、丁寧に文構造をとる練習が必要なので、基礎英文問題精講など英文解釈系の問題集を1冊やっておくのがいいと思います。丁寧に文構造をとることで、少しずつ点を落としてしまうことを減らすことが出来ます。その後、身についた英文解釈の力を活かすべく、基礎長文問題精講などの問題集で英文和訳に慣れるのがおすすめです。

一橋大学の過去問をやっていないならば1年分やってみるといいと思います。英作に自信が無いなら長文の問題である大問1(年によって大問2も)だけでもやってみると、自分の苦手なところや、ケアレスミスをしがちなところ、思わず雑に訳してしまうところなどを確認することが出来ると思います。解答はできれば他人にみてもらうのがいいですが、もし出来ないならば自己採点をするのが良いと思います。自己採点する際、自分で解答の要素を区切って細かく見ていくのがおすすめです。実際、模試や入試の採点者は機械的に要素採点をしていることが多いそうです。

ちなみに、解答で意訳しすぎているような問題集、参考書がありますが、そのように全てを意訳する必要はなく、学校で習ったような意訳(無生物主語など)以外は直訳で減点されることはあまりないです。不自然な日本語でも、自分が文構造を分かっているという証明になるのでそのまま書くべきです。前述のように要素採点なので、どの日本語がどの英語の部分に対応しているのか分かりにくい場合、減点されるかも知れません。

もし余裕があるなら、一橋大学以外の大学の過去問をやってみるのもいいと思います。阪大や京大の和訳問題は良い問題が多いです。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=mFE4on0BTqPwDZPuJWkr","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"英文　要約"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",10,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"12/10 11:42"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"miyu","infoString":"高3 富山県 早稲田大学文化構想学部(69)志望","adviceId":"mFE4on0BTqPwDZPuJWkr"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"文学部、文化構想学部志望の高3です。最後の大問にある英文要約はどのように対策していましたか?"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_D81DFB66A554488681C4EBD7F0D50A6C.jpg?alt=media&token=b1ee3fb3-f1e3-40d0-b2ae-8eecadeb7a0c","adviserName":"penguin","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学文化構想学部","adviceId":"mFE4on0BTqPwDZPuJWkr"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"英文要約、難しいですよね…\n\n私も昨年度、本当に要約ができなくて、質問者さんと同じように、ここで質問しました。そうしたら、要約はみんなできないのでそこまで気にしなくていいから、他の大問に時間を割いた方がいいかも、というような内容を言っていただきました。\n\n私は対策の仕方を教えてもらいたかったんだけど…と最初は思ったのですが、結局そうなんですよね。もちろんあの問題が得意な方もいると思いますが、ぶっちゃけ要約ではそこまで差がつかないです。むしろ大問2や3の方が、配点も高いと言われていますし、対策をしたらその分伸びやすいです。\n\n一応私が意識していたポイントをお伝えします。文・文構の要約問題で大切なのは、“自分の言葉で”という点です。文章中に出てきた単語を全く使ってはいけない、という意味ではないのですが、その文章の中で特別な使い方をされていたり、カンマで囲われていたりする単語などは、言い換えなくてはなりません。これが結構難しいので、日頃から文章の言いたいことを自分の言葉でまとめる練習を重ねるなどの対策が有効かと思います。\nイディオムを覚えておくと語数を短くおさめることが可能なので、おすすめです！\n\nただ、要約は時間をかけた分だけ伸びる、ということが少ない気がします。私自身、塾の先生に添削をお願いしていましたが、やっとマシになったかな"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_D81DFB66A554488681C4EBD7F0D50A6C.jpg?alt=media&token=b1ee3fb3-f1e3-40d0-b2ae-8eecadeb7a0c","adviserName":"penguin","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学文化構想学部","adviceId":"mFE4on0BTqPwDZPuJWkr","numberOfFan":118,"clipsAvg":399.1666666666667,"adviceRateAvg":4.689655172413793,"profile":"受験科目　英語　国語　日本史\n共通テスト初年度受験者\n\n第一志望を諦める人をなくしたい\nお気軽に相談してください☺️☺️\n"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"penguin","adviceId":"mFE4on0BTqPwDZPuJWkr"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"12/10 11:44"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"すごい途中で投稿してしまったので続きです🙇‍♀️\n\nマシになったかな、という状態で本番臨んだら、そもそも文章の意味がわからずに、要約どころではなくなってしまいました。それを焦らずに10分経ったら捨てることができたのが勝因だと思っています。なので、余裕があったら対策する、くらいの認識で構わないと思います！\n\n少しでもお役に立てたら嬉しいです。応援しています！"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":null,"contributorName":"miyu","adviceId":"mFE4on0BTqPwDZPuJWkr"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"miyu","adviceId":"mFE4on0BTqPwDZPuJWkr"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"12/11 7:35"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"なるほど…！！捨てるという選択も確かにありですね！要約より前の問題に力を入れて、余力あればそっちの対策もします！教えてくださってありがとうございました☺️"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/GVL5FYMBTqPwDZPuVtku","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田　要約対策"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です！\n\n文学部・文化構想学部英語の、大問5のことですね。これは対策が難しい問題の一つですよね。\n\nまず一つ言っておきたいのが、とりあえず大問4までの正答率を上げることを優先してほしい、ということです。語彙問題は覚えるしかないのが現状ですが、空欄補充などは慣れが必要です。逆に言えば、最初解けなくても何度も挑戦しているうちにだんだんコツがつかめてきます！\nまた、点数配分は公開されていないものの、この問題は5点くらいではないかと言われています。さらに、文字数と文法があっていれば、よほどのことがない限り1点はもらえるそうです。ということで、まずは前半の問題を優先することをお勧めします！\n\nとはいえ、何も対策しないのは不安ですよね。\n文・文構の要約で一番のポイントは、字数制限があり、それがかなり短いことだと思います。短いからラッキー！と思いきや、意外とまとめるのに苦労しますよね。\nそのため私は普段の長文演習から、長い文章を短い一文にまとめる、ということをしていました。英語が理想ではありますが、最初は日本語でも大丈夫です。\n\nまた、短い言葉で適切な言い回しができるように、イディオムを積極的に覚えるようにしました。この際、普通の文法問題集ももともと使っていたのですが、素っとそれを使うのも飽きるなと感じたため、整序問題集を使うことにしました。塾の先生に勧められた、「全解説頻出英語整序問題850」というものです。結構ボリュームはありますが、もし余裕があるならぜひ手に取ってほしいです。私は11月くらいから始めましたが何週かはできたので、そこまで慌てなくても大丈夫です。\n\n英作文の枠組みにされることが多いですが、より「文章の言いたいことを端的にまとめる」力が必要になってくると思います。そのため、言い換え表現などが出てきたときは積極的に覚える等すると、役に立つかもしれません！\n\n少しでもお役に立てれば嬉しいです。\n応援しています！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田・文学部　英文要約について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お疲れ様です‼️また回答失礼しますね。\n\n要約のポイントは、\n無駄なことを書かない！\n話の核だけを抜き出すことです！\n\n無駄なこととは主に具体例です。\n話の核とはそれを加えなければ話が通じない、本筋通りにいかないものです。\n\nこれを理解できるようになるには、「論理的読解」力をつけなければなりません。\n論理的読解とは、文章の構成を理解し内容がわかることをいいます。構成を理解しているならば自分で内容を予測できる力とも言えます。\nex \n1段落目は一般論、導入、逆説してから主張、簡単な理由。\n2段落目で例や意見。\n3段落目で逆説や反対意見、例。\n4段落目でそれに対する意見や反論、データ。\n5段落目で主張の反復。\nといったくらいに受験の長文は綺麗な構成になっています。\n\n練習の段階で1度ゆっくり読んで、段落ごとに要約、そして役割を書き出してください。また、その役割を示す単語にも注意してください。(ディスコースマーカー)\n\n例えば、ButやHoweverの前後をみると、前には一般論、後ろには主張が来るとこが多いです。(特に大文字Butはほぼそう)\n\nというのも逆説をつかう利点は説得性を上げるためにあります。1度一般的な意見、みんなが信じ込んでいることを否定することで説得力を上げています。\n\nと言った具合に段落、文の役割を理解して何が重要かそうでないかを要約問題に限らず意識してみてください。\n私は要約問題がありませんでしたが、やった長文を要約していました。\n\n参考書や添削サービスですが、『英文解釈要約精巧』など人気がありそうですね。色々調べて書店で手に取ってみてください。また、個人メッセージで書いたものを送っていただければ時間の許す限りいつでも見てアドバイス出来るものはします。宜しかったらどうぞご活用ください。\n\nそれでは頑張ってください‼️"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田大学文学部 英語 要約問題の書き方について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"初めまして、早稲田大学文化構想学部のペンギンです。よろしくお願いします！\nこの時期から要約に手が回っているのすごいです！私は昨年のこの時期、長文さえまともに読めていませんでした…。あれは結構面倒な問題で、色々な噂がありますが、力を使うわりにあまり配分が高くないんだとか。差がつく問題ってほどでもないので、そこまで焦らなくても大丈夫だと思います。\nその上でまず形式ですが、500語程度の文章を”自分の言葉で”まとめるというものです。4年ほど前からは、書き出しが与えられていて、その後ろを4〜10語でまとめなさいという出題に変わりました。非常に短いので、しっかりと要点を掴まなくてはなりません。私は塾の先生に、「文章を読み切った後のに感じる印象を大切にしてほしい」と言われました。最後の3行ぐらいでガラッと話が変わることがありますが、そういう時は後半の内容を重視した方がいい、と。また、文法があっていれば余程のことがない限り１点は貰えるらしいので、気をつけてみてください。\nあとは、慣れですね。最初は意味が分からなくても場数を踏めば少しづつ掴めてくるはずです。まさに私がそうでした。文化構想学部の英語も全く形式が同じなのでぜひたくさん解いてみてください！\n少しでもお役に立てたら嬉しいです！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應文学部の英語について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"要は要約問題ですね。\n\nただ書いてあることを羅列するのは危険です。辞書持ち込みがこのことを示すように。内容をしっかり読み取れれば英語でかなり差がつきます。\n\n解法\n1.main ideaと各パラグラフの内容をとりあえずまとめる。\n2.字数オーバーするので、問いと直接関係ないとこは削る。\n3.無駄な言葉、同じことは省く。\n\nこれで、簡潔な内容に内容を示すことができます。さらに直接書かれていないことを含めると打ち抜けますが、慣れるまではやらなくて大丈夫です🙆‍♂️\n\n〉大事なこと！〈\n問題に対応させることです。基本的に問題が抽象を示すなら、解答で具体化させる。内容を示せなら必ずその内容のとこから引っ張る。余計なことは書かない。\n\n対策\n東大の過去問オススメですよ！\n僕はまとめる系の問題では東大結構使いました。\nあとは、読解力ですね。今年の問題は簡単でしたけど、年によって解釈しづらかったり内容がイマイチわからないときあります。日本語に訳す作業をしすぎないようにすることがポイントです。和訳の作業に気が向きがちですが、そうではありません。僕はオックスフォードの英英辞典を使って出来るだけ、英語本来の意味を考えるようにしました。\nなぜ、慶文が辞書を持ち込めるのか考えてみましょう。文学部が何をする学部なのか。\nおそらくは、単純な和訳作業では気づかない、英語の生の意味を気づいて欲しいからでしょう。言語の翻訳には必ず恣意的なものが含まれてしまいます。それでも、深く思慮し、正しい意味を読み取れるようにしましょう。\n\n頑張ってください。\n\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"要約問題が苦手です。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"回答させて頂きます。\n\nまず、どれほど要約が得意な人であっても直感的に書き始めて良い要約ができる人はいません。\nそして要約は全て自分の言葉で書く必要はありません。\nとりあえずこの二つを心に留めておいて下さい。\n\nじゃあどうすればいいか説明しますね。\n\n＊今回は質問者様がある程度解答の根拠が分かっているという状態での説明になります。\n\nまず最初に、要約する際に入れなければならない要素を全て書き出しましょう。要約問題では当然字数制限がありますが、これは解答に必要な要素の文字数を足してキリが良いところで切り上げた数になっています。 \n\nそのためこれを大幅に下回る、オーバーするということは要素が足りていなかったり、余計なものが入っていたりする可能性が高いです。\nまた直感的に書き出してしまい、要素のつなぎの部分がダラダラ長く、意味のない日本語になってしまっている場合もあります。\n\nそして、書き出した要素を自然な日本語で繋げてあげれば綺麗な解答になるはずです。自分で考えて書く日本語はここだけでオッケーです。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應文学部小論文 要約の勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"ネタ本とか買って雑学的なの身につけるといいかな。あとは文学部だったら、17専攻あって、質問者さんがどの専攻興味あるかわからないけれど、興味あるor書けそうな分野の前提知識みたいなのをちょっと身につけておくといいかも。\nちなみに回答者は、英米文学専攻の言語学になんとなく関心があって、小論は英語と日本語の同義語の比較と文化の関係みたいな話から書いたよ笑(そんな大した内容じゃないけど笑) そのまま本当に英米文学専攻いって、卒論もそんな内容で書いたのよね！\n\nまあそれは置いといて。\n要約ができないのはけっこう痛いかな。全体像わかってないってことだから。主観的に読みすぎてるのかも？文章の言いたいことをまずずばり一行くらいでまとめ、そこから200字くらいでいいから、結局この文の言いたいところからまとめてみるといいかな。\n\nあと、例は3つくらい用意したら、どんな内容きてもその３つに引き寄せて書く練習するといい。\n回答者は、言語学か心理学か、あともう一つは忘れたけれど、それぞれの分野でどんなこと書くかあらかじめフォーマットを準備してて、そのどれかに引き寄せて書く練習をしてたよ。あと自分の主張の一貫性も重視しながら。\n\nそれから、問われていることに答えられないのは、その問いの意味を十分理解できていない可能性が高いよね。\n小輪はある程度自由にできるけれど、問いの意味、つまり求められていることに的確に答えられるようにするのは必要。そこは国語力だから、回数重ねたり解説ちゃんと聞いたりして補ってこう。\n\nというかんじ。とりあえず試してみてね。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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