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19:T141f,英語長文を日本語に訳さずに読むことを意識されているのは、大変素晴らしいと思います。最終的にそのレベルまで持っていくことができれば、入試英語は問題なくクリアできるようになると思います。

今回のご相談内容は、英語長文の内容理解の力を上げたい、というものでしたので、それに関してのアドバイスをさせていただきます。


一般的に、英語長文を解けるようになるためのステップは以下のようになっています。
①英単語を覚える（英語→日本語）
②文章の構造とは何かを理解する
③文章の構造を自分で分類できるようにする
④文章の構造を意識しながら英語長文を読む
以上になります。


まずは、上記の4ステップについて、一つ一つ説明していきます。

①英単語を覚える（英語→日本語）
まずは英単語を覚えてください。基本的に英語長文を読めるようになるためには、英語から日本語に訳すことができればオッケーです。このとき、英単語を見て1秒以内に意味が思い出せるようになることを目標としてください。この理由は、英語長文を読むときは1単語の訳にかけられる時間はほとんどないからです。すなわち、英語長文をスラスラ読める状態にするために、英単語を見た瞬間その意味を思い出せるようにしておくことが重要です。
初めは慣れないかもしれませんが、毎日コツコツ繰り返し覚えてください。
ちなみにですが、私のオススメの英単語帳は「システム英単語」です。機会がありましたら一度見てみてください。


②文章の構造とは何かを理解する
「文章の構造」と聞いて、「なにそれ」と思うかもしれません。

文章の構造とは、すなわち「SVOC」のことです｡一般的には、Sは主語、Vは動詞、Oは目的語、Cは補語と呼ばれます。英語長文を読めるようになるためには、これら「SVOC」がそれぞれどのような役割を持っているか、を理解することが重要です。この部分は、受験生でも意識できている人とそうでない人の差が大きく出てきますので、ぜひ意識してみてください。
具体的な勉強方法としては、英語文法の参考書を見たり、学校の先生に聞いたりするのが一番早くて良いと思います。

③文章の構造を自分で分類できるようにする
②で「SVOC」の役割を理解することができたら、次は実際の文章を自分で「SVOC」に分類していきましょう。初めは短い文章でかまいません。英文法の問題集に載っている文くらいの長さで良いと思います。慣れてきたら少しずつ文章を長くしていってください。学校のリーディングの教科書があればそういったものでもかまいません。

「ここからここまでが主語で、この単語にはこの部分が修飾していて...」などというように、かたまりを意識して分類してください。


④文章の構造を意識しながら英語長文を読む
ここまでくれば、英語長文を読む土台は十分固まっています。後は、実際に英語長文を読んで実践を積んでください。初めは慣れてないため読めないことも多いかもしれませんが、土台がしっかりしているため辛抱強く読み続けていれば、読めるようになります。


さて、英語長文を読めるようになるための4ステップについての説明は以上になります。ここからは、時間内に読めるようになるためのアドバイスをさせていただきます。

まず、①の英単語を覚える際に、英語→日本語が1秒以内にできているでしょうか。もしまだそこまで固まっていないならば、固めることをおすすめします。

次に文章の構造に関してですが、英語長文を読む際、「ここからここまでが主語で、この単語にはこの部分が修飾していて...」などというような、かたまり、をどれくらい意識できていますでしょうか。日本語に訳さず英語のまま読む=前からかたまりごとにどんどん訳していく、ですので、ぜひ意識してみてください。

最後に、音読はどれくらいされていますでしょうか。英語長文を速く読めるようになるために、音読は物凄く効果が高いと言われています。英語の勉強時間のうち、半分は音読にあてよう、といった言葉もあるほどです。ぜひ音読も毎日行なってください。

以上で回答を終わります。入試本番が迫ってきていますが、決して焦らず、丁寧に勉強に取り組んでください。
頑張ってください。応援しています。1b:T1082,でも文法と文章の連関性について疑問を持てただけでも大きな成果と言えます。
文章を読むということ自体にもレベルが存在します。

この間も掲載しましたがまず単語があって、それを並び替える際のルールである文法（文を作るための法律と考える）があって、文をいくつか集めてパラグラフになったら文と文の関係性について考える英文解釈があって、さらにパラグラフをいっぱい集めて長文ができて文章問題になって・・・。ということを意識しましょう。

まず、単語です。
一通り隈なくチェックし、単語帳にあったものは確実に仕留めましょう。単語帳に加えるもよし。エクセルでまとめておくのもよし。〔後者は大学生がよくやります〕

ここで１つ。
ちなみに音読する際に使用する教材は必ず単語をすべて理解した上でやらないと効果がありません。
音読は日本語を通さず英語を英語のまま理解する作業なので、わからない単語があってはならないのです。音読自体も、ただやるのではなく、さまざまな方法が考案されているので、参考にしてみてください。正しいアクセントや発音で音読することによって、リスニング力の向上も期待できます。

話が脱線しました。
単語は以上です。

続いては悩みの種、文法。
ちなみにですが、文法と英文解釈は同じ領域の作業です。ただ、英文解釈自体は文法が完璧に入っていることで意味があるものなので、必ず英文解釈をやる前には四択文法問題と語句整序は制覇しておいてください。

あと、文法と一口に言っても、「書くときに必要な文法」と「読むために必要な文法」とがあるので混ぜるな危険です。
読むために必要な文法は、基本五文型、接続詞の用法、時制、形容詞用法なとです。

例えばですが、同じif節でも過程と条件は大きく違います。接続詞あるあるで、同じ語を用いていても用法が大きく異なることがあります。

その際に文法は活きるのです。
用法を見極め、意味を確定していくことが可能となります。

修飾関係の見極めなとが英文解釈問題ではよくテーマにされますが、そうしたときに素早く判断できるよう、文法の知識をアウトプットできるようにしておいてください。

とりあえず、英文を復習する際には、五文型に分け、それぞれの文の成分を書き、修飾関係を〔〕などを用いて明らかにしていきます。

そこから、修飾関係に注意しながら一文一文訳していきます。訳す作業は書かなくてもスクリプトを見ながら声に出せば十分です。もし、スクリプトと、間違えている部分があれば修正し、その一題を完璧にしていきていきます。


全部一通り訳し終えたら今度は一定の速度で読むトレーニングをします。かなり前の投稿で行った通り、Marchであれば15~20行、早慶であれば24±α行くらいを３分から3分30で読めるようにしていきます。

ここで注意してほしいのは、速読ではないことです。
なぜなら速読をできるほどのレベルを大学受験の段階で習得することは不可能に近いからです。

本番、焦って早く読もうとして内容が入って来なくてまた焦る、、、みたいなことではいけません。
いつでもどこでも同じスピードで読めるようにする事で本番の不安を軽減できます。以前の投稿で過去問の使い方でも話した通り、ブロック読みができるよう努めてください。

こんなもんでしょうか？とりあえず語学は解く前に読めることが重要です。まずは読むための練習をし、そのあと解くためのテクニックを磨けるよう努力してください。1c:T11e6,こんにちは。
私理系ですが英語は比較的得意な方だったので自分が意識していたことをお伝えしたいと思います。
「文法や単語が完璧になればすらすら長文がよめるようになるものですか。」
個人的には半分正解で半分間違っていると思います。おっしゃる通り英語の問題を解く上で重要となってくるのは単語や文法です。まず単語が読めないとそもそも長文を読むことができません。大前提として機械的な翻訳すらままならないということですね。他の力が養われているのであれば多少カバー出来るのかもしれないですが（前後の文脈で単語の意味を推測しろ！とおっしゃる某大手塾講師の方もいらっしゃいますが）はっきり言ってそんな簡単に推測される単語や文法を早稲田文系が出すわけがありません。単語の勉強に関しては際限ないので受験最後まで続けるといいと思います。私も試験直前まで自分が知らない単語をメモしたノートで勉強していました。

では、どのようにしたらスラスラ読めるのかということですが個人的に重要だと思っていたのは英文の構造、スキーマ、英語のまま読む　の3点です。

まず1点目の英文の構造ですが、これは英文法ということではなく、もっとマクロな視点での構造を指しています。例えば段落構成やキーセンテンスの位置、introduction・body・conclusionのつながりなのです。英論文は大抵、というよりほとんどの場合構造が決まりきっていて、筆者が最も伝えたいことがこの位置にある！というのがすぐわかるようになっています。（具体的には各パラグラフの最初or最後）もちろん例外もあるので100%とは言い切れませんがぶっちゃけ中間は具体例や筆者の主張の補足などが書かれているのでもし要点のみを掴みたいのであれば最初最後読みで事足りることが多いです。全体像を効率よく把握したいときは意識してみてください。

2点目のスキーマについて、これはかなり運要素が強いのですが、英文を読んでいた時に「これ知ってる内容だ！」となってめちゃめちゃ読みやすくなることってないですか？英文の内容が知識としてすでに備わっている場合、内容があらかじめ雑破にわかっているのでものすごく読みやすくなるのです。スキーマを増やすには日頃からさまざまな情報源に触れて雑学的な知識を増やしていくと良いでしょう。
冒頭で運要素が大きいと言いましたが実はある程度ジャンルは絞ることができて、早稲田の過去問を見たときにどういう類のテーマが扱われやすいのかを知ることでその分野に絞って知識を増やすことができます。一番不確実性が大きいですが（当たらないときは当たらないので）一番強力なスキルになります。

最後に、英語のまま読むという技術です。結構レベルは高めになるのですが、長文を読む時にいちいち日本語で訳していると時間が足りなくなってしまうがために英文のままイメージを掴み内容を読み取るというものです。例えば「car」と言われて「車」と日本語で文字化してから車のイメージを想像するのではなく、「car」と言われてすぐに車のイメージを想像するような方法です。精読しなければならないところはきちんと日本語に翻訳して是非を考える必要がありますがその他の部分に関してはその必要がないので英語のまま読めると時短になります。日常会話に英語入れてくる人居るじゃないですか。あんなイメージです。

単語、文法は英文を読む上でとても重要になる分野ですがそれだけではスラスラ読めるようにはならないと思います。植物で例えるなら単語、文法はいわゆる茎に相当して上述した技術は葉に相当すると思います。長文をスラスラ読めるようになるまではかなり時間がかかると思いますが、ぜひ多くの英文に触れ技術を磨いて行って英語を得点源にしてください！！1d:Tbd7,初めまして。

英語自体の理解よりも内容の理解というのに現状、苦しんでいるということですよね。

さて、本題に入りますと、自分もこの手の問題に悩むタイプだったのですが、現代文もなんとなくでやってしまっていて成績にブレがあったりはしませんか？

選択問題では点数が取れたりするけど、記述になると途端に何を書けばいいのか分からなかったりしませんか？

おそらくなのですが、文章の繋がりというか全体としてのまとまりを感じることができていないのだと思います。
その理由はおそらく、文章がどのように構成されたものなのか考えていないからだと思われます。

英文を読んでいて、この段落とこの段落とはどうやって繋がっているのだろう？と悩んだことも多いのではないでしょうか。文章の形というか、どのように構成されているのかをいくつか記します。

① 序論→本論→結論
このタイプはよくみますし、1番読みやすいと思います。こうだからこう。こうだからこう、と順番に綺麗に書いてあります
しかし、これだけではないのです。

②逆を検証するタイプ
伝えたいことを強調するために、逆をあえて引用しそれを上回るような論で伝えたいことを強調するタイプです。

③同じことを違う角度から検証するタイプ
文章自体のテーマについて、あらゆる角度から検証するタイプです。これは中々厄介です。一見、いきなり違う話題に何度か飛ぶわけです。ですが結局同じ主題を色々な角度から根拠づけている事が多いです。

④ざっくり主題だけが決まっていて、全く別の話をいくつか紹介するタイプ。
例えば『犬』というトピックがあるとします。
一段落目には犬とチョコの関係、二段落目には犬の人懐こさはいつからか、三段落目には嗅覚についてなど、トピックだけは一致しているものの、ほぼ別の話題を何個か取り上げているものです。

ここまでいくつか文章の形を紹介してきましたが、文法などを理解されていらっしゃるのなら文章の中で各々の文がどのような意味を持つのか考えてみるのもいいと思います。わかりやすいのでいうと、for exampleときたら例ですよね。一つ一つどのような文なのかなんとなく考えてみる練習をされるといいと思います。

長くなりましたが、文章がどのような形を知っておいて、どんな風か考え、パラグラフごとにまとめてみたり、文それぞれが前後の文とどんな関係か考えてみる、英語というより読解について考えてみるのがおすすめです。
頑張ってください。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=llx_DGUBp00JfyF5ITU-","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"文構造わかるのに文意がわからない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",2,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"8/6 8:49"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"そこまで来たらあとは単純に語彙が足りてないのでは？\nあと、文意を取るための有効な手段としては、せっかく文構造が掴めているなら、文構造把握の段階で比重を占めてくるのって修飾関係を見破ることだと思うので、そこがとれているのなら、なるべく修飾語をそぎ落として読んでみるということです。\n結局修飾語がだらだらついているとその分長ったらしくなり、それだけ何言ってるか分かりづらくなるわけですから、可能な限り最小限の単語だけ拾って読んでみるわけです。文をシンプルに捉えればそれだけ文意の大まかな把握がしやすくなると思いまよ。\n最悪副詞句は全部無視してもよいですし、形容詞の類も不要です。主“語”と述語動詞さえ読めれば文意は掴めるはずです。必要ならその後に修飾語を補えばいいのです。\nこんな感じでいかがでしょうか。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_FB77DB12D2F64EAA86B66559E90895ED.jpg?alt=media&token=7036bd34-b3af-4af7-8fb8-1fb4fb51f0a3","adviserName":"ぱんだ","adviserDepartment":"京都大学文学部","adviceId":"llx_DGUBp00JfyF5ITU-","numberOfFan":8,"clipsAvg":6.739130434782608,"adviceRateAvg":4.083333333333333,"profile":"がんばろ〜！！\nファンやクリップお待ちしております〜\n得意科目は英語なので、英語系の相談には結構乗れると思います！(家庭教師も)\nよろしくお願いします！！"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"回答させていただきます！\n\n読み返りをしないように意識してみてください！\n\n私も同じような状況に陥ったことがありました。その時は、文章をきれいに正確に読もうと心がけていたからですね。でも、読み返りをせずに文意が曖昧でも読み通すことを意識して長文を解いてみると長文読解が得意になりました！\n\nまた、パラグラフリーディングを意識してみるといいと思います！私は各パラグラフを読み終わった後に、そのパラグラフではどのようなことが書かれていたかを簡潔に空白に書いていました。こうすれば内容を忘れることはありませんし、全体的にまとまりがでると思います！\n\n試験中にその長文を完璧に読むことは求められていません。その長文に書いてある大まかなことが理解できればいいのです。途中、曖昧で理解が浅いところがあっても、文章を読み進めるうちに理解できることもあります。\n\n音読に関してですが、私は速読英単語のCDを使い速読練習していました。個人差があるのでなんとも言えませんが、速読英単語を使うならCDと併用することをお勧めします！\n\n最後に、上記で話したことは解釈が出来ていないととても難しいです。なので、自分はもう出来てるからいいとは思わずに、何回も何回も復習してくださいね。これが受験では本当に大切だと思いますよ。\n\n勉強大変だと思いますが頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"文構造のとり方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n僕も同じような悩みを抱えたことがあったので回答させていただきます。\n\n文構造が取れないということですが、文法の授業で習ったであろう『5文型』などはきっちり理解出来ていますか？\n文構造がわからないという人の多くはSVOOとSVOCの違いがわからないと言います。そこの違いは理解していますか？\n\n文型がわからない！という悩みを解決する取っておきの方法があります。\nそれは動詞の語法を覚えることです。\nなぜこの方法が有効なのかというと、英語の文型は動詞によって決まっているからです。\nえー覚えるのなんてめんどくさい。なんて思ってませんか？受験は時間との勝負なので、出来るだけ考える時間は少なくしたいです。だから頑張って調べて覚えるのが良いと思います。\n\nただ全ての動詞の語法を覚えろということではありません。基本的な動詞(中学校で習うような動詞)を辞書で調べてみてください。きっと知らなかった語法が見つかるはずで、難関校になればなるほど、そういう所で差がつきます。\n\nですから自分で調べて、頑張って覚えてください！\n\n動詞の語法を覚えれば英作などでもミスが減り、いい和約も書けるようになります。\n応援してます！頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文が読めても設問が解けない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"それは読めているとは言えません。\n\nまずは英語的な原因を潰しましょう。\n\n復習する際に、\n\n⑴わからない単語・熟語\n⑵理解できなかった構文\n\nを見つけましょう。これら2つが多い場合や、設問の回答根拠の部分にある場合は、英語的な知識や経験が原因と言えるでしょう。なので、語彙力や構文解釈を強化すればその問題点は解決されると思います。\n\n問題なのは、わからない単語・熟語や構文がなかった場合です。\n\nその場合に考えられるのは、ズバリ「国語力」です。これは割とあるあるなのですが、単純に読解力がネックになって英語が伸びない場合が多々あります。\n\nなので、現代文の力を伸ばしましょう。お勧めの参考書は「現代文読解力の開発講座」です。\n\nまた、早慶レベルになると、現代文で出てくるレベルの複雑な英文が出題されることも珍しくないので、英語を解く際も現代文を解く時と同じことを意識してみてください。\n\n例えば\n\n・選択肢の吟味(aは本文と逆のことを言っている、bは本文にはないことを言っている、cは言い過ぎ、などです)\n・単語の推測問題は私立の現代文に良く出る穴埋め問題だと思って解く\n\nなどです。何か不明点あれば追加でください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"文法と単語は出来るのに"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文の全体的な流れですが、\n助動詞・動詞の活用及び用法の全暗記\n⇩\n助詞、その他単語帳を使った単語の暗記\n⇩\n基礎レベルからの演習\n⇩\n演習・単語の継続\n\nです。ただ、他のどの教科よりもフィーリングや個人の感覚に委ねられる部分が大きいような気もしています。苦手意識を無くすことは時間をかけるだけでも解決しますが、安定して得点を取れるようにするためには上記の流れを固める必要があるでしょう。\n\n\n読解で意識するべきは、まずは単語の暗記、特に動詞の敬語の意味や主語・目的関係の暗記です。これが出来ていないと、得点は絶対に取れません。\n\n次に大切なのは、1度解いた問題をとにかく復習することです。\n問題を解ききり、丸付けをするだけで終えていないでしょうか？\n\n１度解いた問題は、まずは知らなかった単語を全てピックアップし、それらを覚えます。\n次に、現代語訳と見比べ、自分が誤って解釈してしまった文章に印をつけ、その文章をとにかく正しく解釈出来るまで調べ上げます。\nそもそも単語を知らなかったのか、活用や動詞などの意味を誤ったのか、目的や対象を誤ったのか、誤読の原因をとにかく分析するのです。\n\nその後、２～３回読み返しましょう。ここまでやって、復習したと言えるのです。\n\n\n個人的な見解ですが、単語は実際に文章内で使われている場面を見ない限りは覚えにくいと思います。また、共通テストレベルの問題は非常に難しく、初期段階で触れるには早すぎだと思います。まずはかなりレベルを落とした参考書や私立大の過去問を参照しましょう。（私は大東亜レベル⇒日東駒専レベル⇒GMARCH・センター⇒共通レベル⇒二次試験レベルとレベルを上げつつ演習しました。）\n\n参考にしてください"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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