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19:Tc49,✅古文常識はとても大事。

古文は主語判定が最大のキーになります。その主語判定は文法や単語など様々な要素から特定することができますが、難関校になればなるほど古文常識を絡めた問題が出題されてきます。差がつきますからね。古文常識を頭の中に入れる際には絵で入れましょう。想像しやすいように。試験本番はいかに頭の中で具現化できるかにかかっています。ぜひ。

✅古文が心配なら基礎から。まだ間に合う！！


古文に関してはとりあえず単語と文法。単語に関しては単語帳一冊を完璧にすれば大丈夫だと思います。ただ古文単語に関してはすぐに忘れてしまうので夏休み中に完璧にして2学期以降にもしっかりと触れていきたいですね。覚え方としては、とにかく見る回数を増やす！単純ですが本当に大事です。1回1回覚えるつもりがなくても見る回数を増やしていけば自然と覚えていきます。古文単語は英単語と比較してとっても覚えにくいです。それかもしくは音声学習も有効的です。CD付きの単語帳、もしくは自分のスマートフォンにその単語の意味を吹き込んでCD代わりにするなどの方法もあります。様々な方法を使って意地でも覚えましょう。1年だけですからね。効率よく覚えたいです。
文法に関しては一冊文法の参考書をやるので充分。自分は参考までに河合塾出版のステップアップノートを使っていました。（灰色）私大、センター含めて難しい文法問題はそこまで出ない印象です。だからこそできないと差がついてしまいます。最低限はやっておくようにしましょう。文法は差がつきません。だからこそここで落としてしまいますと大きな痛手になってしまいます。最低限です。やっておきましょう。
最後に長文。長文読解には単語と文法以外にも背景知識が必要です。有名な作品（源氏物語や落窪物語）に関しては漫画を買って背景知識を入れていました。その他にも宮中の作りや武士のしきたりなど意外と重要ではないかと思われる背景知識が直接問われはしないものの読解においてキーワードになる場合があります。しっかりと背景知識は入れておきましょう。背景知識をしっかりと入れておくと文中の主語が誰なのかが一層分かるようになります。古文は文中の主語が誰なのかがとても重要ですので自分で長文読解の演出に取り組む際にも意識してほしいです。

✅おすすめの参考書。

古文単語帳 ex古文単語315 古文単語フォーミュラ600

ステップアップノート（灰色）

旺文社全レベル問題集②〜④

源氏でわかる古文常識（漫画）

速読古文常識

早稲田の国語


                          1b:T1302,こんにちは♪ いつも受験勉強お疲れ様です！古文の読解は確かにいくら文法や単語を覚えても、全然解けなかったり、何となく読んで出来たと思っても、全然回答が合ってなかったり、あるいは途中で読んでいて疲れてきて、集中できないことはよくありますよね。(私自身も受験生の時そうでした)
　今回は古文読解で意識すべきポイントと具体的な勉強方法について紹介します。是非参考にしてみてください！
　
　①文章全体を100%理解することはほぼ不可能
　古文を読んでいて訳していると全く意味が理解できない箇所が出てくることがあります。(早大や共通テストでは結構あります)そこで絶対にやってはいけないのが、その箇所で止まり、「なんかこんなこと言ってるのだろう」と勝手に想像してイメージで解くことです。出題者は受験生がそうなることを狙って、わざと設問で引っ掛けてきます。
　大切なのは、そこで理解できなくても先に進んで、ひたすら文字情報だげを追うようにしてください。(後でそのことが分かることも結構あります)

　②リード文や設問を読解のヒントに使う
　早大(特に文学部)ではよく、長めのリード文や動詞や敬語の主体問題が出題されます。まずは、しっかりとリード文を読んで文章をリード文と照らし合わせながら読んでください。また、文法や敬語をしっかりと勉強しているのであれば、主体が誰かを判定するのは容易でしょう。そういったことを「動かぬ証拠」として、それらに基づいて文章を読んでください。

　③主語と述語の「カッチリ」を意識する
　文章を読む上では、主語と述語を意識してください。例えば登場人物が出てきてら印を付け、その主語がつながる述語にも印を付けるなどです。述語に対して動作主の候補が複数ある場合は、話全体で選択してより話の筋が通る方をとってください。主語と述語の「カッチリ」としたつながりが①で述べた文字情報のことです。いずれにせよ古文読解で一番意識すべきことは文字情報に基づいて、話の筋をつかむことです！
　
　次に古文読解についての具体的なやり方についてです。もし既に学習している問題集があるならば、以下のやり方を取り入れてみてください！
　
◎問題集がない場合のおすすめ参考書
　首都圏「難関」私大古文演習　河合塾
　世界一わかりやすい早稲田の国語合格講座の古文のパート

　やり方
　⒈問題集の文章と設問をあらかじめコピーや写メなどを取っておく　
　⒉印刷したもので問題を20〜30分を目安に解く（時間は現時点では気に　　　　　　　　　　　　　　してなくて良い）
　⒊解き終わったら、見直しをして回答を確認する。
　⒋解説を見ながら文章を直訳しながら読み直し、主語と述語を意識しな　
　　がら、話の筋をしっかりとつかむ練習をする。
　⒌ 設問解説を見ながら自分がどこを間違えたのか、正解へのプロセスに　　　　　　　どのようにすれば辿り着くかを説明できるようにする。(見落としていた単語や文法も本文中で覚える)
　⒍⒋と⒌を解説を見ずに説明できるようになるまで練習する。　
　⒎ ⒍ が出来た白文のまま本文を直訳する練習をする。　
　⒏⒎を週に2、3回行う
　　
　読解を意識するのは夏からで大丈夫です。今はとにかく基本事項を覚えてください。直前期になったら同じようなことを過去問演習でもやってみてください。古文読解で大切なのは定期的に古文に触れていくことです。初めのうちは大変だと思うかもしれませんが、繰り返していくうちに古文をそのまま読むことができるようになるはずです！ 
 
   早稲田の入試で差がつくのは、国語(特に古文 漢文)であるのにもかかわらず、多くに早大受験生は国語(とりわけ古文 漢文)を疎かにしがちです。なので、この時期にしっかりと古文の勉強をして基本事項を完璧にするのはとても素晴らしいことです！これからも古文(漢文も忘れずに)にしっかりと取り組んで他の受験生と大きく差をつけてください。早稲田に合格できるよう、健闘を祈ります。1c:Tf26,限界受験生さんこんにちは〜☺️

古文の読解って難しいですよね。私も受験生時代に苦労した思い出があります。

まずは、現状の課題の整理をしてみましょう。
１．本番や初見問題でつまづきやすい
２．復習では「文脈」を意識すると理解できる

このタイプの古文を読むためのフレームワークができていないことが多いです。復習では、時間をかけられるし、一度読んだ文章だからヒントを多く得られます。初見の時にそれを使えないということは、古文を読むときの考え方が感覚化されていないということです。

それでは改善方法を見ていきましょう！


✅古文を読む型を身につける

初見の文章に強くなるためには、構造を意識して読むことが重要です。ここでいう構造は、それは文章全体の構造も、一文の構造もどちらもです。

少し抽象的なので具体的に意識すべきことをリスト化しますね！

１．主語を意識する
→古文では主語の省略が多いので、助動詞や敬語から主語を推測しましょう！
　（これがわからないと一気に何言ってんのかわかんなくなります。）

２．場面転換を見逃さない
→地の文・会話の文の切り替わり、時間・場所の変化を要チェック！

３．心情・行動の理由を探す
→なぜその行動をしたのか？どういう気持ちか？
　記述の出題頻度も高いので要チェック！

４．指示語に注目
→何を指しているのかがわかると流れがわかる！

５．係り結び・和歌・敬語に注目
→出題されやすい上に、文展開の鍵になる！

これらの問いを最初は常に投げかけながら読んでいきましょう。


✅復習の時の工夫

復習になると読める理由を考えていきましょう。

・なぜその主語になるのか？
・なぜその行動をしたのか？
・なぜここで話題が変わったのか？

などを言語化してみると復習と初見で何が違いのかが明確になります。


✅初見問題演習の導入

仮読み予想演習を行いましょう！

１．一文ごとにここはこういう訳だろうと予想を立てる
２．復習時にどこで外れたか、なぜ当たったかを確認する

直感と理論を橋渡しする大事な演習です。これによってどこがわからなかったのかが明確化されて非常に有効です。


☑️補足：本番で焦ってしまう理由

多くの人は古文は全文訳がわからないといけないと思ってしまいがちです。しかし、英語と異なり古文の全文訳は非常に難しく、多くの受験生にとっては不可能に近いです。

ですから実際には
・流れの把握→設問に関係のある部分の読み取り
で十分です。

この考え方も本番で落ち着いてとくためのコツになります。


まとめ
・古文読解の型を身につける（主語、場面転換、心情・行動の理由、指示語、頻出事項）
・復習時に分かった（分からなかった）理由を考える
・仮読み予想演習を行う
・全訳が必要ないことを理解する

どうでしたか？私も受験生時代は古文が大の苦手で、苦労しました。しかし共通テスト本番では、満点を取ることができましたし、東大の二次試験でもおそらく７〜８割は取れていたと思います。
それでも、全文訳は簡単な問題集の文章でもなかなかできませんでした。

完璧を目指さず、問題を解ければいいやという気持ちで望むといいのかもしれません。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=l1v3jWIBp00JfyF5L7hp","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古典 長文読解 勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",26,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"4/4 0:03"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"名のない友","infoString":"高3 東京都 明治大学志望","adviceId":"l1v3jWIBp00JfyF5L7hp"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"古典の長文が読めません。助動詞などを勉強してるのですが長文を見るとこんがらがってしまい主語が誰なのかとかが分からなく点数が取れません。\n\n古典の長文読解ができるようになるためにどのような勉強をしたら良いのでしょうか？\n\nあと、読むときのコツを教えてくれたらありがたいです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_goT86UBtnpBK29dW.jpg?alt=media&token=957c2e2f-3756-4cfc-a430-0b22def7aad4","adviserName":"nikkel28","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学法学部","adviceId":"l1v3jWIBp00JfyF5L7hp"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"わたしは人物を四角で囲って読んでいました。これによってある程度は主語がわかると思います。また、動詞に注目して、その行動を登場人物の誰がやっているのか考えながら読むと読みやすくなります。\nこんな感じで、文章に印をつけながら読んでいくのはどうですか。わたしは他にも時間や場所をかっこに入れたり、意味段落にスラッシュを入れていましたが、何もしないで読み流すより大分マシになりました。\nまた、古文の読解力向上に向けての勉強としては、品詞分解をおすすめします。文章をノートに写して単語ごとに区切り、ひとつひとつの意味や役割を確認しながら読んだり、訳を対応させて見たりすると理解が深まると思います。参考になれば幸いです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_goT86UBtnpBK29dW.jpg?alt=media&token=957c2e2f-3756-4cfc-a430-0b22def7aad4","adviserName":"nikkel28","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学法学部","adviceId":"l1v3jWIBp00JfyF5L7hp","numberOfFan":68,"clipsAvg":10.73913043478261,"adviceRateAvg":4.304347826086956,"profile":"河合塾に通って現役合格しました。世界史選択です。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":["コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","$L18",null,{"adviceId":"l1v3jWIBp00JfyF5L7hp"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs p-4","children":"コメントで回答者に感謝を伝えましょう！相談者以外も投稿できます。"}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/SUufAspVmj9biJV5dt7F","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文の読み方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文って何言ってんのか分からなくなりますよね。文章によって読みやすいものの、めちゃくちゃ読みにくいものがあります。\nまず基本的なことなんですが、文章を読む前に、問題文のリード文や注釈を先読みして、どういうストーリーなのか掴んでください。人物関係図がある時はそれも把握しとくと良いです。どう言う話か分かった上で読むだけで、随分読みやすくなります。\n読み方に関してですが、主語をまず把握してすること何重要だと思います。主語を意識せず読み進めると、誰が何やってるのかわからなくなって意味不明になるので、主語は四角です囲むとかして目立たせるのがおすすめです。その際に主語の人物が違ったら、マーキングも違った方法でしてください。あと時間の関係を意識することも大切です。古文に関わらず、現代文でも英語でも時系列が文章の中で逆転することはよくあります。古文の場合物語がほとんどなので、よく時間の流れが逆転します。問題はそう言うところをよく着いてくるので、例えば文末の「けり」や「き」を見つけたら、丸で括っとくとかした方が良いです。\n古文を読むにあたって大前提ですが、文法と単語があまり頭の中に入っていなかったら読めません。助動詞や助詞は絶対にマスターしてください。単語は標準的な単語集に載ってるようものを完璧にすることも必要です。あと余力があれば、古文常識をある程度身につけとくのもいいと思います。これは予備校に通っていれば教えてくれるし、通っていなくても古文常識が詳しく書かれている参考書があるので、パラパラめくって情報を仕入れとくのが良いと思います。\n古文は単語と文法をやるだけで短期的に伸びる科目だと思うので、頑張って下さい！応援してます！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"基本事項は抑えてるのに主語が追えない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！古文で主語はほんとに大事です！源氏物語とかはほんと難しいですよね…。\n\nまず、本文の前にあらすじがのってたら誰が出てくるか押さえながらしっかり読みましょう。\n\n尊敬語と謙譲語は結構使えますよ。単純に言えば尊敬語が使われている人が身分の高い人なのですが、誰から見て目上の人なのか(筆者からなのか他の登場人物からなのかなど)を意識しましょう。謙譲語が使われてる際も、謙譲語を使っている人は誰に敬意を払っているのか意識すると良いです。\n\n助詞の を、に、が、ど、ば が出て来たら注意してください。主語が変わるかもしれないです。\n\nわかりにくい文章だったら、だれの行為か文章に書くのも良いです。\n\nあとは演習を重ねましょう。慣れが大事だったりします。\n\n頑張ってください！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文の初見問題の解き方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず古文の初見の問題で読めない、何の話をしているのか分からないというのはよくあることですので安心してください。何回か返り読みをしていったり、問題を解きながら全容が明らかになってくるイメージです。\n\n私は古文ができないという人の中にも、その原因のタイプとして\n①単純に単語を覚えてないタイプ\n②文法知識が読解の際に使えてないので、本文や回答の選択肢のニュアンスの違いが分からないタイプ\n③主体判定が全くできてないので、本文がぐちゃぐちゃ見えてくるタイプ\n④力はあるが、古文の文章に慣れていないだけのタイプ\nといった4つに分けられると思っています。（これは人によって様々な意見があると思いますが、あくまで個人的な考えです。）\n\nぴぴまるさんの質問を拝見して、学校でやるぶんには出来るし単語もやっているとのことなので読めていない原因としては②と③のタイプのハイブリッドかなと感じました。\n②では、例えば文法でもラ変活用や下二段活用を暗記事項としては言えたとしても、本文中の大事な部分に登場した際にシッカリ処理できていますか？已然形 ば、はどういった働きをするか即答できますか？\nこういった文法事項を読解においても運用する能力を上げる必要があると思います。\n文法のオススメ参考書としては「古文上達 基礎編 読解と演習45」が良いです。まさに読解に使える文法にしてくれます。\n次に③ですが、古文では主語が省略されることが殆どです。そして問題で傍線が引かれるような所は、誰が何をしたのか、心情が分かりにくいから問題になっているんです。\nそこら辺のあやふやになりがちな部分を解消するためには、動作や感情表現の主語をいちいち確認しながらの全文和訳をオススメします。一度普通に解いた問題でやっても全然OKです。\nあまり効率的ではありませんが、いざやってみると自分が今までいかに荒い読み方をしていたのかよくわかると思います。\n\nこの二つの弱点を克服すれば、かなり伸びると思うので良かったら参考にしてみてください。古文は一度出来るようになれば、安定して点を稼げる科目です。\n焦らずにじっくり頑張ってください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文 センス "}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"はじめまして、回答失礼します🙇‍♀️\n\n私は現代文は95%センスで解くものと思いますが、古文はセンスではなく機械的に解くものだと思っています！また、色んなパターンを考えることが出来る力は古文だけでなく他教科でも重要になりますので、大切にしてください✨\n\n主語は古文を読む上で非常に重要です。\nもう一度習ったことを復習してみてください。当てはめれば、必ず解けるはずです。（それで解けない問題は捨て問なので気にする必要はありません）\n\n以下、簡単なポイントです。\n参考までに。\n\n①出典の確認\n古文を読む上で最初に見るべきは『出典』です。\n物語なのか、日記なのか、確認しましょう。\n物語であれば、書いてない主語は主人公\n日記であれば、書いてない主語は筆者\nの可能性が高くなります。\n\nまた、古文は問題文の前に大まかなあらすじや、その分に至る流れが書いてあることが多いので、ここは確実にチェックするようにしてください💪\n\n※出典が有名作品である場合、主人公と周囲の関係性やあらすじなどが書いていない可能性があります。古文常識になりますので、有名作品は大体の流れと重要人物の関係性を知っておきましょう。\n\n②登場人物の確認\n古文において、新たな登場人物が守護になる場合は必ず明記されます。つまり書いてない主語はほぼ必ずそこまでに登場している人物です。\n私は登場人物が出てくると、A、B、Cなど隣に書いて、書いてない主語を考えるときに整理しやすくしていました。\n\nまた、主語の決まりとして『(人物名)、〜』となっている文は、その人物が主語になりますね。他にも『を、に、ば、が』などの助詞では主語の転換があります。ここでは主体→客体へと転換することが多いので、その文で主語が誰に対して動作しているのか考えましょう。\n\n③敬語\n質問者様は単語文法は分かっているとのことですので、敬語も大丈夫だと思います。敬語で相手を見分けられることが多いので、主体、客体など確認する助けにしましょう！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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