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19:Tcda,一つずつ回答させていただきます。
①そもそもの古文の読み方がわかっていないなら、演習ばかりやっても力はつかないと思います。私は古文だけは学校の授業をそれなりに聞いていたので、そこで読解のルールは理解しました。古文はフィーリングで解くと、完全に問題文自体を読み間違える可能性があるので、注意が必要です。古文は一定のルールの下に書かれているので、文法、単語はマストです。それさえやっておけば、もう少し読みやすくなるはずです。取り敢えず知識が必要なので。ただ、センターが解けているなら、文法系は大丈夫なのかな…？センターは文章が相当つかみやすいので、抽象的な文章も読めるようになると良いですね。
②一般的に直前期は復習に徹しろと言われますが、自分が足りないと思っているならやるしかありません。古文に限らず、11月くらいなら全然間に合います(本番一週間前から始めたって、無駄なことはないと個人的には思っています)。特に読解系の参考書は核となる部分だと思うので、今からでも始める意義はありそうです。古文はそんなに時間もかからないので、毎日取り組むようにしましょう。あと、参考書を全てやる必要もありません。全部わかっていないわけではないと思うので、自分がわかるところはとりあえずカットしちゃってください。
③必ずとは言いませんが、今点数が取れていないんですよね？理由として演習不足ではなく、そもそも読めないことが挙げられるのだとしたら、読解系の参考書やったほうがいいと思います。
④和歌に関しては、『マドンナ古文　和歌の修辞法』がおすすめです。そんなに時間がかからない割にしっかりまとまっているので、取り組みやすいと思います。覚えるところは覚えて、あとは練習あるのみです。
⑤読解の方法の参考書というのは、問題ばかり載っているものではなく、解説が多いものという認識であっていますか？それならば、『マドンナ古文』や、『古文上達』がおすすめです。前者はセンターが解けるならやらなくてもいい気がするので、書店などでパラパラ見てみてください。後者は掲載問題数も多めですが、その割に解説が詳しいです。問題自体は難しめですが、早慶受験者にとっては力がつくと思います。ただこの時期なので、会わないと思ってもなかなか変えにくいかと思います。正直内容面ではどれもさほど違いはないので、自分の目で確認してから買うことをお勧めします。

古文は英語などと違って、最後に詰め込んでも何とか間に合います。覚えないとどうにもならないことは少ないし、やるべきことが明確化しやすいです。全然焦ることはないので、これから頑張ってください。応援しています！1b:T111e,こんにちは！RIZと申します。

阪大の国語は時間的にも厳しいですしなかなか難しいですよね。今回は個人的にやっていた勉強法を現代文と古文に分けてお話ししたいと思います。

まず現代文についてですが、阪大の現代文と共テ(センター)の問題に本質的な違いはあまりないと思われます。確かに記述式とマークという違いはありますが、答えを求める過程に違いはあまりないと個人的には考えています。なので現代文の対策としては、共テまでは完全に共テ(センター)過去問のみ、共テ後に阪大の過去問という流れでやっていました。
そして、特に重要なのはこれらのやり方なのですが、前者の共テ現代文の過去問については、東進の過去問データベースの利用をおすすめします。東進に通われていない場合でも無料で勧誘もないのでおすすめです。なぜこれを使うかというと、解説が非常に論理的でわかりやすいからです。現代文は必ず解答の根拠になる文があります。それを発見するためのプロセスをわかりやすくまとめてくれているので、それを阪大の現代文にも応用することが可能です。また、共テの予想問題集についてですが、これは正直現代文に関しては質が共テやセンターに比べてかなり落ちる印象があるので、あまり解く必要はないと思います。(あくまで個人的な意見ですが…)
次に後者の阪大の過去問については、基本的に赤本を利用すると良いと思いますが、赤本に載っている解答があまり良くないと思われることも多少あったので、先程にも紹介した東進の過去問データベースの解答も比べて参考にするのもおすすめです。まとめると、現代文対策は基本的に共テとセンター、阪大の過去問で大丈夫です。特に共テとセンターの過去問の東進の過去問データベースで分析をしてください。これを土台にして阪大の過去問で対策する。という流れが良いと思います。

次に古文ですが、質問文にも挙げられている2017年の本歌取りの問題については、正直捨て問だと思います。確かに有名な和歌なのでわかる人もいるとは思いますが、そのために百人一首を覚えるのは流石に効率が悪すぎるのでお勧めできません。
さて古文対策については、3つの参考書をおすすめします。
①古文上達45
②古文解釈の方法
(③古文上達56)
以上3つになります。
まず①については今進めていらっしゃるようなので特に問題ないかと思います。ここで文法事項をしっかり確認してください。次に②に入ってください。これが一番重要です。特に阪大が和歌関連の問題が多いのはおっしゃる通りで、この参考書はその和歌の解釈についても詳しく説明されています。これを読むことで、文法→実践的な問題の間のギャップを埋めることができます。多くの人はこのフェーズを飛ばしてしまうので、古文を読むのが苦手だと思う人が多い様に感じます。ただし、この参考書は問題集ではないので、ささっと読み終えて、実際にそこで得た方法をアウトプットする必要があります。それが③になります。ですが、括弧をつけているのは、時間的に厳しい可能性があるからです。余裕があればお勧めしますが、もしなければ阪大の過去問を赤本を使って分析し始めて構わないです。あとは単語帳についてはなんでもいいと思います。まとめると、以上で挙げた2つ(3つ)の参考書をこなして、阪大の過去問を赤本で分析する。という流れです。

最後に、阪大は古文の方が現代文より得点しやすいと個人的には思います。なので目標としては古文7割、現代文6割くらいの得点を取れるといいと思います。他に質問等ありましたらコメント欄でお願いします。
1c:T130f,その気持ちめっちゃ分かります😭‼︎

古文は読解に入ってすぐの段階では、知識としては頭に入っていても文章を読むうえで使える知識に変換されていないと読めないという事態が発生することが多いと思います。

個人的にこの問題を解消する方法としては、3つあるかなと思います。

①古文解釈→音読の流れで一文を正確に読めるようにする。

3つのなかで一番解決に近づくのはこの勉強を試してみることだと思います。古文は昔の日本語で今の日本語とは別物だからこそ、外国語（英語）と同じように、単語→文法→解釈→音読・読解問題の流れに載せて勉強すると良いかもしれません。
古文でいう解釈は主語の補充と品詞分解にあたります。主語の補充と品詞分解の勉強を経て読解に進むと、暗記した単語や文法を読解につかえる知識に変換できるので、読解にも入っていきやすくなると思います。

古文解釈の参考書のおすすめとしては、
・コブタン 56の例文で効率的に身につく古文単語329
・みんなのゴロゴ 古文読解
の2冊です。特にコブタンは例文56本ですので、今からはじめても1か月もあれば十分に終わる分量で完璧にもしやすい分量だと思うので、こちらぜひ試してみていただきたいです。

②背景知識やよくあるパターンをあらかじめ勉強しておく。

読解でよくある話のパターンを押さえておくのも手だと思います。落窪物語のようなシンデレラストーリーのパターンもあれば、説話集のように仏さまのご利益からのSF展開になるもの、文章の最後オチが来てこの人こんなに面白い人orすごい人のパターンなど、古文にもよくあるテンプレみたいなものがあるので、それらを頭に入れたうえで読むと読みやすくなるのではないかと思います。

参考書としては
・マドンナ古文常識217
・みんなのゴロゴ 古文出典
・高校古文じっくりこういう話
あたりがおすすめです。

特にゴロゴ古文出典は出る順、じっくりこういう話はマンガで、それぞれ名作のあらすじを把握できるので、いずれか合っている方をやっておくと読みやすくなると思います😊‼︎

③そもそもの単語や文法の覚え方を工夫する。

単語や文法の知識があやふやで読んだときにスパッと意味が頭に浮かぶくらいまでの感じになっていないというのも読めない原因になると思います。

特に古文の場合は重要でよく出る単語ほど意味が複数あるケースが多いです。例えば『あやし』を『貧しい』の意味しか押さえていなかったりした場合、文章の内容を誤解してしまう可能性がありますし、助動詞の意味を間違えたりすると、一気によく分からなくなってしまうことがあると思います。

こうした事態を避けるのにおすすめしたいのが、
・古文単語→漢字でなるべく覚えるようにする
・古文文法→理解で丸暗記を減らす
という方法です。

古文単語を漢字で覚える、というところについても、

あやしを例にすると、

★怪し・奇し
不思議だ→奇怪
珍しい、おかしい→奇策（珍しい作戦）、奇抜（おかしい）

★賎し→貧しい

という感じで柔軟に捉えられるようになるので、文脈判断がしやすくなると思います。

古文文法については例えば助動詞を挙げてみると、
下記は覚え歌になりますが、

https://youtu.be/Ly3kCYO20Gw?si=6R2eOmIn_0iUVRzV

『むはすいかかえて、じはその打消』
『べしはすいかとめて、まじはその打消』

という歌詞が出てきます。

これは
・むとじ、べしとまじはそれぞれ反対の意味の単語で、むの意味を逆にしたのがじ、べしの意味を逆にしたのがまじ。
というのを押さえておけば、複数ある意味をスマートに押さえられる、ということを伝えるための歌詞になっているのではないかと思います🤗

このような感じで、なるべく理解をして覚えることで、勉強の負担も減らせて読解でも使える古文の知識が増えてくるのではないかと思いますよ👍

以上の3点を踏まえながら、勉強方法改善していっていただければと思います。
古文を克服して早稲田合格に近づいていただけたら幸いです🙇
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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文の読解について(マジ深刻なお悩み)"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"早稲田文学部のぷらんたんと申します。\n\nわたしが行っていたやり方をご紹介します。\n\n授業や問題集の文をすべて単語に区切ります。\nそして、その単語の横に品詞の種類(動詞、形容詞など)を書き込みます。\n動詞→終止形、活用、何形か、意味\n形容詞、形容動詞→活用、何形か、意味\n助動詞→終止形、接続、何形か、意味\n\n上記の情報をさらに横に書き込みます。\nこれがすらすら出てくるまで暗記をしっかり行ないます。\n\nそして、それを元に読解を行ないます。\n雰囲気から選択肢を決めると間違いやすいです。\nまた、内容はあっていても、心情(嬉しい、悲しい、悔しいなど)が異なる場合もあるので、選択肢の内容をすべて満たしているか確認しましょう。\n\nまた、主語が省略されている文は話がわかりにくくなるので、主語を意識するといいです。\n特にセンター形式の問題は文章が長いので、ごちゃごちゃにならないように気をつけましょう。\n敬語が大きなヒントになります。\n\n記述問題は、わかっていたとしても、自分がわかっていることをアピールしないと点に結びつきません。\nちゃんと理解していることを示すために、回りくどくてもきちんと訳出しましょう。(過去や敬語表現などは特に)\n見直しのときに読み直して、文が変でないか確認することも有効です。\n\nなにか参考になりましたら幸いです。\n\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"中国人の高校生です。国語の古文わからない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\nまずはどの言語でも同じことが言えると思いますが、文章を読む時に文法が出来てないとなかなか構文がとれないと思います。私は古典は参考書を使用していなかったのでどれが良いとは言うことができませんが、まずは文法をマスターしていただきたいと思います。\n私は動詞などの活用は全て音読していました。また、出ている例文は例文と和訳を覚えていました。なぜ例文ごと覚えるかというと、文章ごと覚えると文法だったり単語だったりと様々な要素を一緒に覚えられるからです。また、古語はたくさん意味があるものもあります。例文ごと覚えればこの単語はここではこの意味なんだ！というように理解して覚えられるので私はこうしてました。\nまた、文法と同時並行に単語を覚えることもやっておいてほしいことです。言わずもがなですが、単語がわからないと文章が読めるはずないですからね😅\n\n文章が稚拙になってしまったのでまとめると、文法と単語をやる！ということです。\n大変かと思いますが頑張ってください、応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文を解けるビジョンが浮かびません！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です！\n\n個人的に古文を読めるようになるためには主に3つの要素が必要だと思います\n\n\n○単語\n→長文を読んでいく中で意味を覚えるものもありますがなるべく色々な意味を覚えておきましょう！\n\n○文法\n→助動詞は1番大変だけど頻出だから夏休み中にマスターした方がいいです！（おすすめは河合塾のステップアップノート）\nあと敬語もなかなか面倒くさいですが早いうちに終わらせましょう！\n\n○古文常識\n→早稲田志望であれば背景知識や古文常識はやっておいた方が良いです👍マドンナ古文常識を使ってました！\n\nこの3つの要素が固まってからやっと長文が読めるようになると思います。初めのうちはあまり長い文章だときついので短い文章を品詞分解（これが動詞、これが助動詞など）しながら丁寧にやっておくといいです。\n\nまた、受けるかは別としてセンターの過去問は良問が多いので演習に使えると思います🙆‍♀️\n\n質問者さんの場合はまず何より文法を夏休み中に完璧にしましょう！英語より覚えることはだいぶ少ないのであまり怖がらないでください！\n\n暑くなりますが体調に気をつけて頑張ってください💪"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古典文法について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"助詞も古文を読む上で大変重要です。\n接続詞「ば」は一文字で3通りも意味がありますし、文意を大きく左右するものです。\n終助詞「なむ」と助動詞の組み合わせの「なむ」などは識別で頻出ですね。\n必ず取り組んでください！\n\n本来ならば10月には過去問に取り組み始めていただきたいのですが、古典文法、長文読解を残り数日で完成させて早稲田レベルまで持っていくのは難しいです。\nなので、英語、日本史優先で過去問演習を始め、遅くとも11月には早稲田レベルに挑戦できるように計画を立てましょう。\n\n古文を学習する上で最も重要なのは、品詞分解の正確さです。\n単語と助動詞の文法には自信があるようなので、解いた文章を一単語ずつ、全て意味、活用などを当てはめてください。\n古文の問題集には必ず品詞分解の模範回答も載っているはずですから、それを見ながら答え合わせしてください(逆に、現代語訳だけしか載っていない問題集は不親切なので選ぶべきではありません)。\n私は古文が得意だったので、毎回の品詞分解の正答率は99〜100%くらいでした。\n\nこのような作業をすること、他の科目とのバランスを考えて、締め切りと、それを達成するため逆算した日割りのノルマを着実にこなしていけば、短期間で古文を得意科目にできるはずです。\n頑張って･:* .\\(( °ω° ))/.: "}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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