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1a:Tcde,ひたすら多読するのが一番の近道だと思います。記述で少しずつ落としてしまうのは、少し文構造を取り間違えたり、単語や熟語を知らなかったりするからですが、これに対する特効薬のようなものは無く、ただ沢山の長文に触れ、学び、慣れていく他ないと思います。残された時間が少なく焦ってしまうとは思いますが、根気よくやっていくしかありません。

英語は、①単語②文法③解釈④長文⑤英作の5つをこの順にやるのが良いと言われることが多いです。ただ①、②を完璧にすることは不可能なので、何となくできてきたら次に進むのが良いと思います。質問者さんが高校三年生であることを考えると、解釈または長文をするのがいいと思います(同時並行で英作をやるのもアリ)。問題集としては、基礎英文問題精講、基礎長文問題精講をおすすめします。

説明問題は、適当な部分を見つけて訳す問題、すなわち英文和訳の問題に帰着されるとよく言われます。説明問題に対処するためには、まず英文を訳せるようにならなければなりません。英文を訳すためには、丁寧に文構造をとる練習が必要なので、基礎英文問題精講など英文解釈系の問題集を1冊やっておくのがいいと思います。丁寧に文構造をとることで、少しずつ点を落としてしまうことを減らすことが出来ます。その後、身についた英文解釈の力を活かすべく、基礎長文問題精講などの問題集で英文和訳に慣れるのがおすすめです。

一橋大学の過去問をやっていないならば1年分やってみるといいと思います。英作に自信が無いなら長文の問題である大問1(年によって大問2も)だけでもやってみると、自分の苦手なところや、ケアレスミスをしがちなところ、思わず雑に訳してしまうところなどを確認することが出来ると思います。解答はできれば他人にみてもらうのがいいですが、もし出来ないならば自己採点をするのが良いと思います。自己採点する際、自分で解答の要素を区切って細かく見ていくのがおすすめです。実際、模試や入試の採点者は機械的に要素採点をしていることが多いそうです。

ちなみに、解答で意訳しすぎているような問題集、参考書がありますが、そのように全てを意訳する必要はなく、学校で習ったような意訳(無生物主語など)以外は直訳で減点されることはあまりないです。不自然な日本語でも、自分が文構造を分かっているという証明になるのでそのまま書くべきです。前述のように要素採点なので、どの日本語がどの英語の部分に対応しているのか分かりにくい場合、減点されるかも知れません。

もし余裕があるなら、一橋大学以外の大学の過去問をやってみるのもいいと思います。阪大や京大の和訳問題は良い問題が多いです。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=jZxBJaOPsoatvnAs5ien","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"和訳、英訳問題に対してのアプローチ"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",7,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"6/24 12:19"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"キワミ","infoString":"高卒 東京都 大阪大学医学部(64)志望","adviceId":"jZxBJaOPsoatvnAs5ien"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"和訳や英訳の問題が苦手ですなにかコツがあったら教えてください"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"じゃむじゃむ","adviserDepartment":"大阪大学医学部","adviceId":"jZxBJaOPsoatvnAs5ien"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"こんにちは。ご相談ありがとうございます。\nぜひ、大阪大学に来て頂きたいものです笑\nご存知とは思いますが、大阪大学の英語には和文英訳や英文和訳が含まれています。私が受験した時に(難化の年でした)英語は8割5分取っていましたので、参考になればと思います。\nまず英文和訳ですがこれは英文解釈の技術100を使うといいと思います。また、単語力の不足の可能性もありますので単語を見直してみてください。どんなに一文が長くとも、主語述語を的確に抑えることがポイントです。,or…のように、文の中でこの組み合わせが出てきたらこれを意味する、という決まったルールがありますのでその確認もしてみて下さい。\n次に和文英訳の問題についてですが、これは日本語を直訳する必要はありません。と言うよりむしろ、直訳でない方がいいパターンも多いです。訳し方が分からない日本語は、別の簡単な言葉に言い換える(この時関係代名詞が活躍します)ことがポイントです。苦手の程度が分からないので私が意識していることを共有してみました。\n回答は以上になります。応援しています！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"じゃむじゃむ","adviserDepartment":"大阪大学医学部","adviceId":"jZxBJaOPsoatvnAs5ien","numberOfFan":6,"clipsAvg":3.625,"adviceRateAvg":4.333333333333333,"profile":"最近始めてみした！"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"確かに、慶應文学部の英語は、日本語訳の問題が多いですよね💦\n日本語訳の問題を解く上で大切なことは、英文の構文を正しく理解することです。\n構文を誤解して解いた場合は、変な日本語訳になってしまいますし、採点の際も構文は絶対的なものだも思います。\nもちろん、日本語訳の問題をたくさん解いて慣れることも重要ですが、構文解釈の勉強も、日本語訳の力を増幅させるためにとても大切なことです。\n僕は早稲田は受験せず、慶應文学部一本でしたが、読解力養成用の参考書では、日本語訳の問題には特に注力し、細部の表現まで先生に質問をして、納得のいくまで日本語訳に拘っていました。また、構文解釈・和訳の勉強として『ポレポレ 英文読解プロセス50』という参考書をやりこみ、3周ほど解きました。もう、ご使用されているかもしれませんが、この参考書、早慶を目指す受験生には、かなりおすゝめです❗️\n超長文の読解力の強化を始め、構文解釈の勉強に特に力を注ぐこと、日本語訳の問題をたくさん解くことは、慶應文学部を目指す者として欠かせません。複数の意味から、文意にあった意味を選ぶ力、よりスムーズな日本語で表現する力なども、意識しながら勉強してみてください。\nコツコツと真面目に取り組めば、必ず力がつきます！大丈夫、これからです。應援してます！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文 和文英訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"　こんにちは！僕がやっていた英作文の勉強を紹介します。少しでも役に立てたら嬉しいです。\n　まず英作文は、基本的な問題は別として、満点を狙いに行くものではないです。全部を完璧に訳そうとすると、使ってはいけない組み合わせで単語を使ってしまうことがあるので、大体の意味が同じならOKくらいで考えましょう！\n　和文英訳問題は、そのままでは訳しにくい日本語で出題される事が多いです。それを自分が表現できるような日本語に言い換えてから、英語で訳すといいと思います。例えば、（いやしくも映画なり音楽なりの愛好家である以上、）という日本語を英語に訳す場合に、「いやしくも」とかを正確に訳そうとすると難しくなります。　そこで、（映画や音楽を愛しているならば、）という日本語に言い換えてから、「if you love movies or music,」という英語にします。こんな感じで、日本語→簡単な日本語→英語の順で考えるようにすると良いと思います。\n　勉強法ですが、まずは知ってる表現を増やしていきましょう！先に述べた通り日本語から自分が表現できる日本語に変換しますが、知ってる表現が少ないとここが厳しくなります。単語帳とかなんでも良いので、例文を覚えていきましょう。（ちなみに僕が使っていたのは、ドラゴンイングリッシュという参考書です）　表現をある程度頭に入れたら、あとは先に述べた変換を意識しながらどんどん問題を解いていきましょう。\n　添削についてですが、できる限り添削はしてもらった方が良いかなと思います。僕も自分ではOKのつもりでも、添削で「ここまで言い換えるとニュアンスがずれる」と書かれることがありました。Z会とかで英作文のコースがあるので、できるのであれば受講することをお勧めします。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語直訳で理解できない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英語長文を満足に読み切って設問にもバチっと答えるためには、英語力も国語力（日本語力）も両方必要です。\n\n\n「直訳で訳しても何を言っているのかわからなくな」るということは、この点においては英語力に課題がありそうです。\n→一度辞書や文法書をフル活用して訳を書き切ってみて、その後で解答・解説の全訳と見比べてみて、どの部分の訳が出来ていなかったのか確認しましょう。その際、自力で訳せなかった単語や文法は必ずメモしておき、次には訳せるようにしておきましょう。\n\n\n「日本語を書いていくと7割くらいは理解でき」るということは、後の3割は国語力でカバーする必要がありますね。\n（訳し方が間違っている可能性もありますが。）\n→これについては、訳すときに一文一文に細かく目を向け過ぎて、全体の論理構造を捉え切れていない可能性が高かろうと思われます。\n→ここは一つ、「段落」に着目してみましょう。現代文でもそうですが、意味もなく適当に段落分けされているわけではありません。論理に区切りをつけるためです。\nなので、その段落は大まかにどういう内容だったのか、\n前後の段落とどう繋がっているのか、\n文章全体の中でどのような役割を持っているのか、\nなどを都度都度考えながら読んでいくと良いでしょう。\n\n\n最後に、長文への慣れの話ですが、個人的には音読は不要だと思っています。何かのテストでリスニングをやるならやってもいいかなという程度です。\n→音読よりも、一文一文を正確に解釈するミクロな読解と、全体の論理構成を掴むマクロな読解を使いこなす練習をひたすら繰り返したほうが力はつくと思います。なので、一つの文章でも色々な読み方ができるので、たくさん反復練習をして下さい。その際、しっかり全訳や解説が書かれている教材でやると良いでしょう。\n\n\n訳をしっかり書けるようになれば、その内辞書を使わずとも訳せるようになり、さらにはわざわざ訳さなくても頭の中で英文のまま意味を掴めるようになります。辛抱強く頑張りましょう。何か分からないことがあったらまた相談して下さい。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語 和訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"多くの場合、和訳の出題の意図は、\n①文構造が理解出来ているか\n②指示語の内容が理解出来ているか（「指示語をの内容を明らかにせよ」とあった場合）\n③文章の流れから、適切な和訳が導き出せるか（例えば、meansを意味と訳すか、手段と訳すか等）\nを問うことです。これらが理解出来ていることを採点者にはっきりと示せるように訳しましょう。\n\n⑴まずは和訳を指定された文だけ、丁寧に文構造の分析をしましょう。\n\n主語、動詞、補語、目的語を探す\n↓\n残りの修飾語句は意味のかたまりごとに括弧でくくる\n↓\n修飾語句がそれぞれどの語を修飾しているか見極める\n（指示語の内容が問われていれば、それも確認します。）\n\n⑵分析が出来たら、和訳をします。\n初めに主語を訳し、その後は文の後方から訳すと大抵上手くいきます。\nその際、従属節（副詞節）→主節、修飾語句→被修飾語句の順番を守りましょう。（例外あり）\n\n⑶最後に、訳出し忘れた部分がないか確認します。ガタガタな日本語になっていないかも確認しましょう。\n\n以上が基本です。\n\n例外パターンとして、\n・無生物主語の文\n    第一目的語（人称であることが多め）が主語にして訳す\n     ※論理関係が変わらないよう注意\n・関係詞節が長すぎる文\n    主文と関係詞節の文の２文に分けて訳す\n    関係詞節の文には、関係詞の指している先行詞を当てはめて訳す（上手いことやってください）\n・短すぎる文\n    SVOCや文の要素が明らかに抜けている文、短くてそれ単体ではほとんど内容の無い文、抽象度が高すぎる文、日本語にしても意味が通らない文などは、それまでの文章や文脈から言葉を補う必要がある場合がある\n\nなどがあります。が、この辺りにはあまり神経質にならなくて大丈夫です。\n\n以上です。これで、大体の和訳問題は解けるのではないでしょうか。慶應文の和訳問題は、抽象的な単語の意味を掴むのが難しかった印象です（違っていたらすみません）が、無理して美しい和訳をしようとせず、まずは基本を押さえることを念頭に置いてください。\n\n長文失礼いたしました。分からないところがあれば、質問してください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["慶應義塾大学法学部"," 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"京都大学英語"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"おそらく、覚えた文法を実際の英文のなかで使うというトレーニングが足りていないのだと思います。そのためには、英文解釈の参考書をこなすことが大事です。京都大学の英語で合格点を取るためにこなすべき参考書を以下に述べます。\nポレポレ英文読解\n英文読解の透視図\n英文解釈教室\n\nこの三冊をいまの段階からしっかりとやりこめば、英文和訳で合格点を取ることは容易です。あとは単語を覚えましょう。オススメの単語帳としては、\n単語王\n速読英単語 上級編\nユメタン3\nなどが挙げられます。また、京都大学受験で一番苦戦するのは、和文英訳です。和文英訳において一番大事なのは、日本語をそのまま英語にするのではなく、日本語の意味が英語を読んだ時になんとなく通じるように英語にすることです。そのためのトレーニングの参考書として、\n最難関大への英作文\nが良いです。\n以上の参考書を実際に書店に行って、自分の目で調べてみて下さい。あなたの受験を心から応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應文学部の英語"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"文学部の特長からお話ししますね。\n文の英語は難しくないです。あれは、どれだけ理解できるかだとおもうんですよね。だから簡単な和訳をそのまま訳せば落ちるんですよね。なんであんな簡単な文で辞書持ち込み可なのか？それはズバリ辞書に載っていない意味が答えになるからなんですね。\n\n僕はかなり意訳しました。普通に直訳は落ちます。なので、読み込む力をつけましょう。英語を英語で理解する力が特に要ります。\n\nてことで、日頃から英英辞書を使うようにしてください。英単語の本当の意味が分かると、そこらの受験生は知らない上手い訳ができます。\n\nあとは要約。文は英語だけでなく、小論文でも要約力が鍵になります。これは慶文に加えて東大の過去問がいいですね。\n\n最終的には精読の極意という参考書がいいでしょう。こちらがしっかり落とし込めれば英語ではまず負けません。ただ、難易度がかなり高いので成績と要相談ですね。　　　　\n\n僕は和訳は京大のを結構やりましたね。難しいですが読解力にいいですね。あとは慶医の問題もやりました。これ少し古い問題がオススメです。\n\nただ、文に似たような問題は少ないですね。なので慶文の過去問と参考書が軸でいいかなと。\n\nあと辞書引く練習しときましょ\n僕は本番2日前に辞書買って、当日初めて引いたら大分テンパったので笑笑"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文を意味の通った日本語に訳すことができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です。\n\n単語を知っていて、文法も理解しているのに意味不明な日本語訳を作ってしまうと原因としては、現代文が苦手ということが考えられます。そもそも日本語の意味がよく分かっておらず、英語から訳してみたところで、自分でかみ砕けないのかなと。\nもしそうであれば、英単語を少しわかりやすい日本語に変えることをお勧めします。このやり方は私が受験生の時に、塾の先生から教わりました。簡単な例を出すと、例えば「画一的な雰囲気のある」というより、「同じような雰囲気のある」と訳したほうが、ちゃんと理解できている感じがありませんか？単語帳に載っている日本語訳ってどうしても固いというか、漢語調なことが多いので、自分なりに変形してみるのも効果的だと思います。また、もし結構な英語力があるなら、英英辞典を利用してみるのも一つの手です！割と易しめの英語で構成されていることが多い(難しい単語を使って説明すると、それもまた調べなくてはいけない)ので、英語力もつき一石二鳥かもしれません！\n少しでもお役に立てたらうれしいです。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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