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1a:T11e6,こんにちは。
私理系ですが英語は比較的得意な方だったので自分が意識していたことをお伝えしたいと思います。
「文法や単語が完璧になればすらすら長文がよめるようになるものですか。」
個人的には半分正解で半分間違っていると思います。おっしゃる通り英語の問題を解く上で重要となってくるのは単語や文法です。まず単語が読めないとそもそも長文を読むことができません。大前提として機械的な翻訳すらままならないということですね。他の力が養われているのであれば多少カバー出来るのかもしれないですが（前後の文脈で単語の意味を推測しろ！とおっしゃる某大手塾講師の方もいらっしゃいますが）はっきり言ってそんな簡単に推測される単語や文法を早稲田文系が出すわけがありません。単語の勉強に関しては際限ないので受験最後まで続けるといいと思います。私も試験直前まで自分が知らない単語をメモしたノートで勉強していました。

では、どのようにしたらスラスラ読めるのかということですが個人的に重要だと思っていたのは英文の構造、スキーマ、英語のまま読む　の3点です。

まず1点目の英文の構造ですが、これは英文法ということではなく、もっとマクロな視点での構造を指しています。例えば段落構成やキーセンテンスの位置、introduction・body・conclusionのつながりなのです。英論文は大抵、というよりほとんどの場合構造が決まりきっていて、筆者が最も伝えたいことがこの位置にある！というのがすぐわかるようになっています。（具体的には各パラグラフの最初or最後）もちろん例外もあるので100%とは言い切れませんがぶっちゃけ中間は具体例や筆者の主張の補足などが書かれているのでもし要点のみを掴みたいのであれば最初最後読みで事足りることが多いです。全体像を効率よく把握したいときは意識してみてください。

2点目のスキーマについて、これはかなり運要素が強いのですが、英文を読んでいた時に「これ知ってる内容だ！」となってめちゃめちゃ読みやすくなることってないですか？英文の内容が知識としてすでに備わっている場合、内容があらかじめ雑破にわかっているのでものすごく読みやすくなるのです。スキーマを増やすには日頃からさまざまな情報源に触れて雑学的な知識を増やしていくと良いでしょう。
冒頭で運要素が大きいと言いましたが実はある程度ジャンルは絞ることができて、早稲田の過去問を見たときにどういう類のテーマが扱われやすいのかを知ることでその分野に絞って知識を増やすことができます。一番不確実性が大きいですが（当たらないときは当たらないので）一番強力なスキルになります。

最後に、英語のまま読むという技術です。結構レベルは高めになるのですが、長文を読む時にいちいち日本語で訳していると時間が足りなくなってしまうがために英文のままイメージを掴み内容を読み取るというものです。例えば「car」と言われて「車」と日本語で文字化してから車のイメージを想像するのではなく、「car」と言われてすぐに車のイメージを想像するような方法です。精読しなければならないところはきちんと日本語に翻訳して是非を考える必要がありますがその他の部分に関してはその必要がないので英語のまま読めると時短になります。日常会話に英語入れてくる人居るじゃないですか。あんなイメージです。

単語、文法は英文を読む上でとても重要になる分野ですがそれだけではスラスラ読めるようにはならないと思います。植物で例えるなら単語、文法はいわゆる茎に相当して上述した技術は葉に相当すると思います。長文をスラスラ読めるようになるまではかなり時間がかかると思いますが、ぜひ多くの英文に触れ技術を磨いて行って英語を得点源にしてください！！1b:T141f,英語長文を日本語に訳さずに読むことを意識されているのは、大変素晴らしいと思います。最終的にそのレベルまで持っていくことができれば、入試英語は問題なくクリアできるようになると思います。

今回のご相談内容は、英語長文の内容理解の力を上げたい、というものでしたので、それに関してのアドバイスをさせていただきます。


一般的に、英語長文を解けるようになるためのステップは以下のようになっています。
①英単語を覚える（英語→日本語）
②文章の構造とは何かを理解する
③文章の構造を自分で分類できるようにする
④文章の構造を意識しながら英語長文を読む
以上になります。


まずは、上記の4ステップについて、一つ一つ説明していきます。

①英単語を覚える（英語→日本語）
まずは英単語を覚えてください。基本的に英語長文を読めるようになるためには、英語から日本語に訳すことができればオッケーです。このとき、英単語を見て1秒以内に意味が思い出せるようになることを目標としてください。この理由は、英語長文を読むときは1単語の訳にかけられる時間はほとんどないからです。すなわち、英語長文をスラスラ読める状態にするために、英単語を見た瞬間その意味を思い出せるようにしておくことが重要です。
初めは慣れないかもしれませんが、毎日コツコツ繰り返し覚えてください。
ちなみにですが、私のオススメの英単語帳は「システム英単語」です。機会がありましたら一度見てみてください。


②文章の構造とは何かを理解する
「文章の構造」と聞いて、「なにそれ」と思うかもしれません。

文章の構造とは、すなわち「SVOC」のことです｡一般的には、Sは主語、Vは動詞、Oは目的語、Cは補語と呼ばれます。英語長文を読めるようになるためには、これら「SVOC」がそれぞれどのような役割を持っているか、を理解することが重要です。この部分は、受験生でも意識できている人とそうでない人の差が大きく出てきますので、ぜひ意識してみてください。
具体的な勉強方法としては、英語文法の参考書を見たり、学校の先生に聞いたりするのが一番早くて良いと思います。

③文章の構造を自分で分類できるようにする
②で「SVOC」の役割を理解することができたら、次は実際の文章を自分で「SVOC」に分類していきましょう。初めは短い文章でかまいません。英文法の問題集に載っている文くらいの長さで良いと思います。慣れてきたら少しずつ文章を長くしていってください。学校のリーディングの教科書があればそういったものでもかまいません。

「ここからここまでが主語で、この単語にはこの部分が修飾していて...」などというように、かたまりを意識して分類してください。


④文章の構造を意識しながら英語長文を読む
ここまでくれば、英語長文を読む土台は十分固まっています。後は、実際に英語長文を読んで実践を積んでください。初めは慣れてないため読めないことも多いかもしれませんが、土台がしっかりしているため辛抱強く読み続けていれば、読めるようになります。


さて、英語長文を読めるようになるための4ステップについての説明は以上になります。ここからは、時間内に読めるようになるためのアドバイスをさせていただきます。

まず、①の英単語を覚える際に、英語→日本語が1秒以内にできているでしょうか。もしまだそこまで固まっていないならば、固めることをおすすめします。

次に文章の構造に関してですが、英語長文を読む際、「ここからここまでが主語で、この単語にはこの部分が修飾していて...」などというような、かたまり、をどれくらい意識できていますでしょうか。日本語に訳さず英語のまま読む=前からかたまりごとにどんどん訳していく、ですので、ぜひ意識してみてください。

最後に、音読はどれくらいされていますでしょうか。英語長文を速く読めるようになるために、音読は物凄く効果が高いと言われています。英語の勉強時間のうち、半分は音読にあてよう、といった言葉もあるほどです。ぜひ音読も毎日行なってください。

以上で回答を終わります。入試本番が迫ってきていますが、決して焦らず、丁寧に勉強に取り組んでください。
頑張ってください。応援しています。1c:Tc35,こんにちは！
｢読解において早く正確に意味を理解をする｣という観点でお答え致します。

私の自論で言うと｢英文を読むこと｣と｢英語長文読解を解くこと｣は似て非なるものだと思います。前者は読書などのようにある程度文章を味わう、つまり全文をきちんと訳して読むことが前提となりますが、後者は読解において必要な情報を素早く判断して得ることが肝要になってきます。つまり全文を翻訳することはそこまで重要ではありません。
私は読解の際は
･文を追いつつ接続詞･関係詞･前置詞の前で文章にスラッシュを入れて区切る
→区切りごとに訳すと意味が通りやすいし、短いので訳しやすい
･重要な新情報(例えばどの分野(科学、地学、哲学、環境など)の話なのかや具体的な実験内容など)に単語単位で下線を引く
→後でそこだけ読めばだいたい何言ってるか理解出来る
･(余裕があったり、要約の問題がある場合)段落ごとに横にその段落で何が話されていたかをメモする(単語の羅列でOK)
なんてことを意識しながら読んでいました。頭の中では英訳と日本語訳をごちゃ混ぜにして理解していたと記憶しています(すぐ出てくる簡単な単語は日本語訳で、数字や難しめな単語は英語のまま)が、正直これは人によると思うので、質問者様がいちばん早く正しく理解出来る方法でよいと思います。
最初は何に線を引けばいいのか等分からず線まみれになったりしますが、現在高二であるということなのでこれからたくさん長文を解いて練習していけば自ずと慣れていくと思います。

また、これは余談なのですが分からない単語や訳したのに意味が通らない！！などということで詰まった際、ある程度諦めて適当に読み飛ばすことも大事だと思います。単語などは前後の文脈から意味が推測できる場合も多いし、もし全く分からなかったら＋(良い)の意味なのか－(悪い)の意味なのかだけ推測すればいいでしょう。あんまり分からない単語が多いとさすがに読めない場合もあると思いますが…💦

｢一文一文はしっかり訳せる｣ということなので、質問者様の英語力は素晴らしいものなのだと思います。ですが、読解において逐一訳してしまうと情報量が多く結局何が言いたいのか分からないことになってしまいがちになったり、単語の意味はわかるけどそれ以外はかにもわからない、ということになってしまいがちな気がします。必要な情報を読み取る、概要を把握するということを意識するとだいぶ読みやすくなるかもしれません。これが少しでも参考になれば幸いです、是非頑張ってください！！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=ilIeaIEBTqPwDZPuio7W","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"長文の読み方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",2,") 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英語の構造把握について話しますね。\n\nSVOCや副詞句等を『』つけて読むことは非常に大切です！\n特に、難関校を目指す学生にとっては大切なことです。\n\nセンター英語レベルであれば、\n構造把握の必要はなく、なんとなく読んでも意味はわかりますし、問題も解けます。\n\nしかし、なんとなく読んでいる状態であると英語の成績がいつか頭打ちになってしまいます。\n特に記述式の模試であったり、2次試験の和文英訳の問題でつまることが出てくると思います。\n\nつまってしまう理由としては、that等の関係代名詞によって、文の構造が複雑化し、文構造が見えなくなってしまうからです。\n\n私も高2までは『』をつけずに英文読解をしていて、伸び悩んだ時期があります。\n『』をつけるようになってから難解な文にも対応できるようになったのでおススメです！\n\nはじめは『』をつける作業に時間がかかり、スムーズに文が読めなくなってしまいますが、\n慣れればスラスラ『』がつけれるようになります。\n\n日々長文を勉強する際に『』をつける練習をして\n模試や本番で良い結果を残しましょう！\n\n頑張って！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語長文が読めません"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英語の長文を読む際に次のことを意識してみてください！\n\n1 . 文章全体の「意味」を意識する\n\t•\t目的を持って読む: 長文を読むときは「この文章は何について話しているのか」「筆者が何を伝えたいのか」という全体の流れをつかむことを意識しましょう。ただ単語を追うのではなく、文章全体のテーマや流れを考えながら読む訓練が重要です。\n\t•\t段落ごとの要点をつかむ: 1段落ずつ、「ここで何が言いたいのか？」を自分の言葉でまとめる練習をすると効果的です。長文は特に段落の1番最初の文章が重要なことが多いです。あとは、Howeverやdespiteなど重要な接続詞の後の文章は重要になりがちです。\n\n2. 予測しながら読む\n\t•\t英語の文章には、テーマや段落ごとの構造がある程度決まっています。例えば、「最初に問題提起をして、次に解決策を述べる」などのパターンを意識して読むと、次に何が来るのか予測しながら読めるようになります。\n\n3. 単語を文の中で理解する練習\n\t•\t単語を単体で覚えるのではなく、文の中でその単語の意味を捉える練習をしましょう。これには、多読や例文の音読が効果的です。\n\t•\t知らない単語が出てきた場合も、いきなり辞書を引くのではなく、その文脈から意味を推測する癖をつけるようにします。\n\n4. 精読と多読の練習をする\n\t•\t精読: 短めの文章をじっくり読み、文構造や語彙の使い方を正確に理解する練習をします。\n\t•\t多読: 簡単なレベルの文章をたくさん読むことで、「内容を素早く理解する力」を鍛えます。\n\n5. 音読を取り入れる\n\t•\t声に出して文章を読むと、内容が頭に入りやすくなります。英語の音やリズムに慣れることで、文章をスムーズに理解できるようになります。耳を慣らすためにも好きなアニメなどを英語音声、英語字幕で見るとリフレッシュにもなります。\n\n6. 具体的な練習方法\n\t•\tシャドーイング: 聞こえた音声に続いて発音しながら、英文の構造を身につけます。\n\t•\tニュース記事や小説の活用: 学校の教科書だけでなく、興味のあるジャンルの英語の文章を読むことで、読むこと自体を楽しめるようになります。\n\n最後に\n英語の長文読解は慣れの部分が大きいので、焦らず、少しずつ進めることが大切です！これからもがんばってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文読み方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n長文の読み方に関してですね。実際の解法に関してレクチャーします。\n\n最終的には右から左に順番に読めるようになることが理想ですが、それを意識するあまり、本文の内容が頭に入ってこないという状況になるとそれは本末転倒ですから、気をつけてください。\n\n基本的には修飾語句などをカッコで括ったり、適宜スラッシュを活用しながら、本文のメインの骨格を掴みます。英語は動詞によって文の骨格が定まりますし、まだ動詞の位置から主語も掴めるようになるので、文の骨格を掴むことを意識しながら読み進めてください。\n\nその過程を絶えず行っていくなかで、簡単な文章から自然と左から右に流しながら読めるようになっていきます。\n\nさて、設問に関してですが、必ず本文と照らし合わせてください。\nなぜなら、その設問は本文をもとにした設問だからです。あくまでも解答の根拠は本文中にしかありません。\n\n全ての文章を読んでから設問を解くという形ではなく、数パラグラフ読む→該当する設問を解く\nという手順で問題を解いてみてはいかがでしょうか？そうすればあやふやな記憶だけで問題を解いたり、本文から解答の根拠を見つけるのに余計な時間がかかってしまうことを防ぐことができるはずです。\n\n大半の大学が、文章の流れに沿って設問が構成されていますから、この解き方で時間も短縮できるでしょうし、確実性も向上させることができるでしょう。\n\nこれからの時期が最も成績が伸びていきます。毎日時間を無駄にせず、勉強頑張ってくださいね！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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mb-1","children":"　長文読解が得意でしたのでお答えします。\n　基本的な姿勢として、文章が何を言ってるのかわからなくなったら構文スイッチを入れて、文の中でどれが名詞役で副詞役で、、などと分析します。しかし基本これはやらずどんどん読まないと素早く読みきれないはずです。長文は結局スピード勝負ですので速度を意識して欲しいです。注意点としては、長文では、\"ここわかんないから一旦飛ばしてよんでいけばわかるだろう\"、というやり方は勧めません。そういうモヤモヤが重なると結局後々読み進められなくなり、問題の箇所に戻ってくることになります。わからないところに出会ったら一旦ある程度粘って考え、さっさと解決させるべきです。このときに初めて印をつけて構文分析します。印をつけると文構造を一目で掴めるようになり楽になるので、私も入試の時わからなくなったらこの手段を使ってました。\n　さて、問題はその方法ですが、個人的には最初に動詞を見極めvと書き込むと良いと思います。動詞が文の\"型\"を決めているからです。動詞によってSVなのかSVCなのかSVOなのかSVOOなのかSVOCなのかが決まります。次に主語となる名詞節を探しsと書き込みます。カッコでくくるほど長くなる事もあるし、形式主語のitである場合もあるでしょう。ここでsvが決まるのでだいぶ文構造が見えてくるはずです。副詞は\"なくても文意が通じる\"ものですので、あまり気にしません。むしろ文構造を知りたい時には邪魔な存在なので、見つけたら私は線で消してました。そうするといきなりシンプルな文構造が浮かび上がってくることがよくあるのでお勧めできます。あとは多分大丈夫です。\n　形式主語構文について補足すると、私は\"形式s\"と書いて、普通のitでない事を意識させてました。強調構文はitとthatを丸でくくり、\"強調\"と書いてました。\n　\n　以上が私なりのアドバイスです。長文が得意だと英語を武器にできますから是非頑張って下さい。健闘を祈ります。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"長文に関しては読めない原因を究明した方が良さそうですね。手順としては以下の三つを試してみて下さい。日頃解いている問題集の似たようなレベル感の文章でやってみて下さい。\n\n\n①英文のまま読んで大意を掴む\n辞書など使わずに自分の頭のみで読みます。この時、段落ごとに内容を書きまとめるなどして文章の要約のようなものを書いてください。それを回答を見ながら確認して、大意を掴めているかを確かめます。\n\n②構文を取りながら大意を掴む\n多少の文法書は見てもいいので、分かりにくいなと思った英文にSVOCを振りながら（構文を取りながら）読んでいき、①と同様に要約を作り確認します。\n\n③全訳しながら読む\nここでは文法書も辞書もなんでも閲覧可。とにかく正しい訳を全て書いて回答で確認します。\n\n\nさて、ここまでやってみて、自分がどこまで出来てどこから出来ないのかを確かめましょう。それぞれで対応が変わってきますから。\n\n\n①ができた場合\nこの場合は大意は掴めているので、あとは国語的な読解能力の欠如が考えられます。こうなるとあとは設問の解き方や論理的な読み方を鍛えるといった話になってきますが、ちょっとここだと長すぎるので今回は割愛します。もしここに該当するようでしたら後日またご相談下さい。\n\n①は出来なかったけど②はできた場合\nこの場合構文を解釈する能力は充分あるということになります。ただそれを普段から頭の中で使いこなせていないようです。これに関しては普段から英文にSVOCを付けるなどして訓練していきましょう。英文解釈系の参考書をやってもいいです。\n\n①,②が出来なくて③ができた場合\n単語、文法等の基礎力が追いついていない可能性が高いです。もう一度単語帳や文法問題集を繰り返すところから始めましょう。\n\n\nこんな感じでまずは手をつけてみて下さい。1日に一題か二題かというと他の科目との兼ね合いもあるので一概には言えませんが、無理のない範囲で演習量を増やしてみて下さい。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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