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1b:Tbd7,初めまして。

英語自体の理解よりも内容の理解というのに現状、苦しんでいるということですよね。

さて、本題に入りますと、自分もこの手の問題に悩むタイプだったのですが、現代文もなんとなくでやってしまっていて成績にブレがあったりはしませんか？

選択問題では点数が取れたりするけど、記述になると途端に何を書けばいいのか分からなかったりしませんか？

おそらくなのですが、文章の繋がりというか全体としてのまとまりを感じることができていないのだと思います。
その理由はおそらく、文章がどのように構成されたものなのか考えていないからだと思われます。

英文を読んでいて、この段落とこの段落とはどうやって繋がっているのだろう？と悩んだことも多いのではないでしょうか。文章の形というか、どのように構成されているのかをいくつか記します。

① 序論→本論→結論
このタイプはよくみますし、1番読みやすいと思います。こうだからこう。こうだからこう、と順番に綺麗に書いてあります
しかし、これだけではないのです。

②逆を検証するタイプ
伝えたいことを強調するために、逆をあえて引用しそれを上回るような論で伝えたいことを強調するタイプです。

③同じことを違う角度から検証するタイプ
文章自体のテーマについて、あらゆる角度から検証するタイプです。これは中々厄介です。一見、いきなり違う話題に何度か飛ぶわけです。ですが結局同じ主題を色々な角度から根拠づけている事が多いです。

④ざっくり主題だけが決まっていて、全く別の話をいくつか紹介するタイプ。
例えば『犬』というトピックがあるとします。
一段落目には犬とチョコの関係、二段落目には犬の人懐こさはいつからか、三段落目には嗅覚についてなど、トピックだけは一致しているものの、ほぼ別の話題を何個か取り上げているものです。

ここまでいくつか文章の形を紹介してきましたが、文法などを理解されていらっしゃるのなら文章の中で各々の文がどのような意味を持つのか考えてみるのもいいと思います。わかりやすいのでいうと、for exampleときたら例ですよね。一つ一つどのような文なのかなんとなく考えてみる練習をされるといいと思います。

長くなりましたが、文章がどのような形を知っておいて、どんな風か考え、パラグラフごとにまとめてみたり、文それぞれが前後の文とどんな関係か考えてみる、英語というより読解について考えてみるのがおすすめです。
頑張ってください。1d:T141f,英語長文を日本語に訳さずに読むことを意識されているのは、大変素晴らしいと思います。最終的にそのレベルまで持っていくことができれば、入試英語は問題なくクリアできるようになると思います。

今回のご相談内容は、英語長文の内容理解の力を上げたい、というものでしたので、それに関してのアドバイスをさせていただきます。


一般的に、英語長文を解けるようになるためのステップは以下のようになっています。
①英単語を覚える（英語→日本語）
②文章の構造とは何かを理解する
③文章の構造を自分で分類できるようにする
④文章の構造を意識しながら英語長文を読む
以上になります。


まずは、上記の4ステップについて、一つ一つ説明していきます。

①英単語を覚える（英語→日本語）
まずは英単語を覚えてください。基本的に英語長文を読めるようになるためには、英語から日本語に訳すことができればオッケーです。このとき、英単語を見て1秒以内に意味が思い出せるようになることを目標としてください。この理由は、英語長文を読むときは1単語の訳にかけられる時間はほとんどないからです。すなわち、英語長文をスラスラ読める状態にするために、英単語を見た瞬間その意味を思い出せるようにしておくことが重要です。
初めは慣れないかもしれませんが、毎日コツコツ繰り返し覚えてください。
ちなみにですが、私のオススメの英単語帳は「システム英単語」です。機会がありましたら一度見てみてください。


②文章の構造とは何かを理解する
「文章の構造」と聞いて、「なにそれ」と思うかもしれません。

文章の構造とは、すなわち「SVOC」のことです｡一般的には、Sは主語、Vは動詞、Oは目的語、Cは補語と呼ばれます。英語長文を読めるようになるためには、これら「SVOC」がそれぞれどのような役割を持っているか、を理解することが重要です。この部分は、受験生でも意識できている人とそうでない人の差が大きく出てきますので、ぜひ意識してみてください。
具体的な勉強方法としては、英語文法の参考書を見たり、学校の先生に聞いたりするのが一番早くて良いと思います。

③文章の構造を自分で分類できるようにする
②で「SVOC」の役割を理解することができたら、次は実際の文章を自分で「SVOC」に分類していきましょう。初めは短い文章でかまいません。英文法の問題集に載っている文くらいの長さで良いと思います。慣れてきたら少しずつ文章を長くしていってください。学校のリーディングの教科書があればそういったものでもかまいません。

「ここからここまでが主語で、この単語にはこの部分が修飾していて...」などというように、かたまりを意識して分類してください。


④文章の構造を意識しながら英語長文を読む
ここまでくれば、英語長文を読む土台は十分固まっています。後は、実際に英語長文を読んで実践を積んでください。初めは慣れてないため読めないことも多いかもしれませんが、土台がしっかりしているため辛抱強く読み続けていれば、読めるようになります。


さて、英語長文を読めるようになるための4ステップについての説明は以上になります。ここからは、時間内に読めるようになるためのアドバイスをさせていただきます。

まず、①の英単語を覚える際に、英語→日本語が1秒以内にできているでしょうか。もしまだそこまで固まっていないならば、固めることをおすすめします。

次に文章の構造に関してですが、英語長文を読む際、「ここからここまでが主語で、この単語にはこの部分が修飾していて...」などというような、かたまり、をどれくらい意識できていますでしょうか。日本語に訳さず英語のまま読む=前からかたまりごとにどんどん訳していく、ですので、ぜひ意識してみてください。

最後に、音読はどれくらいされていますでしょうか。英語長文を速く読めるようになるために、音読は物凄く効果が高いと言われています。英語の勉強時間のうち、半分は音読にあてよう、といった言葉もあるほどです。ぜひ音読も毎日行なってください。

以上で回答を終わります。入試本番が迫ってきていますが、決して焦らず、丁寧に勉強に取り組んでください。
頑張ってください。応援しています。1e:Tc41,最終的には、筆者の主張やその根拠が重要です。具体例はあくまでそれを理解するための補助線のようなものです。この立場に立って、意識してみて欲しいことを述べます。
 まず、段落の最初の部分と最後の部分をしっかり把握して、続く部分と対応させながら読みましょう。基本的に、評論文では、段落の最初(1文目とは限りません。)の方で、その段落で何を言おうとしているかを述べていることが多いです。ちなみに、そのような文をトピックセンテンスと言います。そして、その文で述べられた内容を具体的に説明する文章が続くことがよくあります。また、最後の部分では(次の段落の最初のこともあります)、その段落のまとめが書かれていることが多いです。トピックセンテンスと、その他の文を関連付けて読むことで、その段落の要点が何で(例えば、どんな主張がなされているか、どのような、あるいは何に対する具体例が挙げられているのか)、その根拠や具体例がなにかを整理しやすくなると思います。
 ディスコースマーカーにも着目しましょう。andやor、but、because、,soなどの接続詞や、therefore、thus、howeverのような接続副詞、あるいはfor example、in particularのような句は明示的に前後の関係性を示してくれています。そのような語句に注意することで、内容と内容の関係性が分かります。それによって、論理構成が分かりますし、結果的に重要な箇所とそうでないかしょを考えるヒントになります。
 さらに、語句の抽象度にも注意しましょう。例えば、

日本食は美味しい。特に寿司や天ぷらは絶品だ。

のような文章では、日本食から、寿司、天ぷらで抽象度が下がって、具体的になっています。このような例では、より具体的な文が、抽象的な文の具体例になっていることが多いです。具体的な文と抽象的な文の対応を考えると、何が主張で何が例なのかがはっきりわかり、文章を整理しやすくなると思います。
 また、例が何に対するものなのか、根拠が何に対応するのかを意識しましょう。例えば、筆者の主張に対する例か、一般論に対する例か、根拠となる文を理解するための例なのかを考えましょう。

以上で、取り組み方のコツをいくつか述べてきました。まだ直前期ではないので、時間に間に合わせることにこだわるよりは、精読を意識してみてはいかがでしょう。その上で、上記のことを意識しながら、段落ごとの内容をまとめてみるといいかもしれません。また、段落間の関係を確認したり、文章全体の内容を要約したりすることで、情報の整理ができるようになっていくと思います。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=hMAP_2UBTqPwDZPu8Gc6","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"itとかが指す内容が分からない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",6,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"9/22 11:15"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_64D191D53A3B4E39A0262BB7633D3871.jpg?alt=media&token=f38d6371-7c20-4d65-aa76-a8bf9568f666","clientUserName":"nn","infoString":"高3 東京都 早稲田大学志望","adviceId":"hMAP_2UBTqPwDZPu8Gc6"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"これは必ず当てはまる訳では無く、あくまで多いというだけなので注意が必要なのですが\n特に前文の具体化などの時には、前文にはitの文における役割(主語や目的語)と同じ役割の場所にある場合があります\n例えば、itが目的語なら、前文の動詞の目的語にitが指しているものがあるということです\n100パーセントではなく、あくまでも文脈判断で最終的に決めるしかありません"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"い","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学商学部","adviceId":"hMAP_2UBTqPwDZPu8Gc6","numberOfFan":106,"clipsAvg":8.809917355371901,"adviceRateAvg":4.232876712328767,"profile":"早稲田商現役合格 英国日\n早稲田以外には明大政経経営の全学部、個別日程の合格があります\n日本史に自信があります(河合塾早慶模試 偏差値70)\n\n皆さんの受験勉強に少しでも貢献できたらと思います\n出来るだけ詳しい回答をした方が良いと思うので、基本的に質問内容が具体的であるものに答えます"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":["コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","$L18",null,{"adviceId":"hMAP_2UBTqPwDZPu8Gc6"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"わからない単語、理解できない文章"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学の2年のものです。\n\n特に早慶はわからない単語ばっかだと思います。それは当然のことですから、わからないからと言って悲観的にならないでくださいね。\n\n問題は、じゃあどうやって正解を出すかですよね。よく言われるのが、わからない単語は前後の文から推測しよう、というものだと思います。やはり単語が分からなければ推測するしかないと思いますが難しいですよね。\n\nまず、英語を読むときに頭に置いといてほしいことは、大抵の文章では一段落で伝えたいことは一つのメッセージであるということです。ですから分からない単語はその段落全体で考えてみてください。前後の文だけじゃきついと思います。\n\n文全体の大意、というのを捉えられれば良いのですが、難しいですよね。というかよくわかんないですよね。ですから最初は、何かテーマがあると思いますので、筆者はそれに対して、プラスだ！、と言ってるのか、マイナスだ！、と言ってるのか、もしくは肯定してるか否定してるか、どっちなのかを頑張って考えてみてください。これだとだいぶ論点が単純化できるのでやりやすいと思います。\n\nもう一つ英語の、というよりどの文章にも言えることですが、全ての段落は何か筆者が言いたいことを説明するためにその段落構成にしてるということです。この段落は前の段落で言ってることの具体例の提示してる段落だ、この段落は一般的な意見を紹介して否定してる段落だ、というようにその段落が文章全体の中でどういう役割なのかがわかるようになってくればもう長文で怖いものはありません。そうすると自ずと段落で言ってることが理解できるようになってきますし、その難しい単語がだいたいどういう意味なのか当てられるようになってきます。\n\nもちろん、単語力がなさすぎたら文章は読めません。一つの目安ですが、僕は速読英単語の必修編と上級編だけで早慶の文章は行けました。それでももちろん分からない単語はたくさん出てきますよ。でもだいたい、みんな速単上級とか単語王とか鉄壁とかシス単とかそのあたりの単語力で戦ってる気がします。あとは上に述べたように文章の読み方ですね。ここが1番のポイントになってくると思います。少し難しい話で抽象的なものになってしまいましたが、早慶いきたいなら頑張らないとですね！応援してますよ！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語長文の解き方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。ミキオです。\n\n以下に自分がやっていた内容一致問題の解き方を書くので、よかったら参考にしてみてください！\n\n①設問に目を通す\n　ここで何について聞かれているのかを理解します。\n②選択肢に目を通す\n　選択肢を完全に覚えようとすると、主観が入ってしまう\n　ので、キーワードなどをまるで囲ったりしてどんな内容\n　の話なのか理解します。\n③本文を読む\n　選択肢を見た時に出てきていたキーワードがあればまる\n　をしとく。文の感じも選択肢と似てたら線を引く。\n④その段落が読み終わったところで選択肢と照らし合わせて合ってるか確認する\n⑤その調子で本文を読み進める。\n\nこんな感じです。まだわからないことあれば聞いてください！\nお役に立てれば嬉しいです！頑張ってください！応援してます！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 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