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1a:Tbd7,初めまして。

英語自体の理解よりも内容の理解というのに現状、苦しんでいるということですよね。

さて、本題に入りますと、自分もこの手の問題に悩むタイプだったのですが、現代文もなんとなくでやってしまっていて成績にブレがあったりはしませんか？

選択問題では点数が取れたりするけど、記述になると途端に何を書けばいいのか分からなかったりしませんか？

おそらくなのですが、文章の繋がりというか全体としてのまとまりを感じることができていないのだと思います。
その理由はおそらく、文章がどのように構成されたものなのか考えていないからだと思われます。

英文を読んでいて、この段落とこの段落とはどうやって繋がっているのだろう？と悩んだことも多いのではないでしょうか。文章の形というか、どのように構成されているのかをいくつか記します。

① 序論→本論→結論
このタイプはよくみますし、1番読みやすいと思います。こうだからこう。こうだからこう、と順番に綺麗に書いてあります
しかし、これだけではないのです。

②逆を検証するタイプ
伝えたいことを強調するために、逆をあえて引用しそれを上回るような論で伝えたいことを強調するタイプです。

③同じことを違う角度から検証するタイプ
文章自体のテーマについて、あらゆる角度から検証するタイプです。これは中々厄介です。一見、いきなり違う話題に何度か飛ぶわけです。ですが結局同じ主題を色々な角度から根拠づけている事が多いです。

④ざっくり主題だけが決まっていて、全く別の話をいくつか紹介するタイプ。
例えば『犬』というトピックがあるとします。
一段落目には犬とチョコの関係、二段落目には犬の人懐こさはいつからか、三段落目には嗅覚についてなど、トピックだけは一致しているものの、ほぼ別の話題を何個か取り上げているものです。

ここまでいくつか文章の形を紹介してきましたが、文法などを理解されていらっしゃるのなら文章の中で各々の文がどのような意味を持つのか考えてみるのもいいと思います。わかりやすいのでいうと、for exampleときたら例ですよね。一つ一つどのような文なのかなんとなく考えてみる練習をされるといいと思います。

長くなりましたが、文章がどのような形を知っておいて、どんな風か考え、パラグラフごとにまとめてみたり、文それぞれが前後の文とどんな関係か考えてみる、英語というより読解について考えてみるのがおすすめです。
頑張ってください。1b:Tc41,最終的には、筆者の主張やその根拠が重要です。具体例はあくまでそれを理解するための補助線のようなものです。この立場に立って、意識してみて欲しいことを述べます。
 まず、段落の最初の部分と最後の部分をしっかり把握して、続く部分と対応させながら読みましょう。基本的に、評論文では、段落の最初(1文目とは限りません。)の方で、その段落で何を言おうとしているかを述べていることが多いです。ちなみに、そのような文をトピックセンテンスと言います。そして、その文で述べられた内容を具体的に説明する文章が続くことがよくあります。また、最後の部分では(次の段落の最初のこともあります)、その段落のまとめが書かれていることが多いです。トピックセンテンスと、その他の文を関連付けて読むことで、その段落の要点が何で(例えば、どんな主張がなされているか、どのような、あるいは何に対する具体例が挙げられているのか)、その根拠や具体例がなにかを整理しやすくなると思います。
 ディスコースマーカーにも着目しましょう。andやor、but、because、,soなどの接続詞や、therefore、thus、howeverのような接続副詞、あるいはfor example、in particularのような句は明示的に前後の関係性を示してくれています。そのような語句に注意することで、内容と内容の関係性が分かります。それによって、論理構成が分かりますし、結果的に重要な箇所とそうでないかしょを考えるヒントになります。
 さらに、語句の抽象度にも注意しましょう。例えば、

日本食は美味しい。特に寿司や天ぷらは絶品だ。

のような文章では、日本食から、寿司、天ぷらで抽象度が下がって、具体的になっています。このような例では、より具体的な文が、抽象的な文の具体例になっていることが多いです。具体的な文と抽象的な文の対応を考えると、何が主張で何が例なのかがはっきりわかり、文章を整理しやすくなると思います。
 また、例が何に対するものなのか、根拠が何に対応するのかを意識しましょう。例えば、筆者の主張に対する例か、一般論に対する例か、根拠となる文を理解するための例なのかを考えましょう。

以上で、取り組み方のコツをいくつか述べてきました。まだ直前期ではないので、時間に間に合わせることにこだわるよりは、精読を意識してみてはいかがでしょう。その上で、上記のことを意識しながら、段落ごとの内容をまとめてみるといいかもしれません。また、段落間の関係を確認したり、文章全体の内容を要約したりすることで、情報の整理ができるようになっていくと思います。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=fFuK82MBp00JfyF5rfRp","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"長文読解"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",10,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs 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font-semibold","children":["この相談には",3,"件の回答があります"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"space-y-2","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"rounded-lg border-[1.5px] border-primary px-3","children":["$","div",null,{"children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[null,["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お答えします！\n\n▶︎【段落ごとに何を主張しているのかを捉える】\n解決方法として、こちらをおススメします。\n英語は段落ごとに大きな主張が必ずあります。\n段落の初めに言いたいことを抽象的に言って→具体的に例を使ったりして説明\nこの大きな流れが一般的です。\n抽象→具体の流れを覚えておきましょう。\n初めは、段落ごとに何を言っているのか、簡潔に余白に書く練習から始めて下さい。\n最終的にはこれを頭の中で、もしくは超簡潔に素早く書けるようになるといいです。\n単語の示唆する意味が分からないとのことですが、英文を読めているのに、読解できていない状況だと思います。\nそれならば、国語力を鍛える、背景知識を鍛えるしか方法はありません。\n\n幸運を👍\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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10.05z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs mr-2","children":0}]]}],null]}]]}],null]}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"rounded-lg border border-gray-300 px-3","children":["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/R1sUBmQBp00JfyF5l_hZ","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[null,["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず考えられるのが、なんとなく合ってるというのを選んでいませんか？回答を作る人の心理として、この箇所こういうふうにかいてあるからこれは正解、不正解にしようと思い決めていると思うんですね、その方が解答を作るときも作りやすいですし。そう考えると、訳ができていても選択肢を見たときになんとなく書いて合ったような気がするという感じで回答するとほぼ間違います。その箇所を線引けますか？まず、足りないものは精読だと思います。そのために、時間がかかってもいいのでここに書いてあるから丸、これに反しているからバツというふうに丁寧にやりましょう。慣れてくると、それが目視でできるようになります。\nぜひ参考にしてみてください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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mb-1","children":"あー、めっちゃ分かります。自分もそれで英語伸び悩んでました。10月までずっとです。自分の場合は、10月からやり方をガラッと変えました。それまでは、その長文をしっかり理解することを意識してたんですが、過去問解いていくうちにこれじゃダメだと思い、問題を解くための読み方にシフトしました。\nそれをやっただけで、だいぶ正答率も問題解く速さも変わりました。\n\n具体的には、\nまずは、先に設問文を読むこと。\n設問文にキーワードがあることがあります。本文読んでて、そのキーワードがでてきたらその付近での集中力は高めてください。\nあとは、英語の基本的な読み方として、\n速度で一気によみ、複雑でよく分からないところは精読するっていう感覚が大事ですかね。この使い分けがうまく出来るようになったことが、自分の中では1番大きかったです。\n\n他にも色々あったんですが…まあ、うまく説明できません笑笑\n長文はほぼ毎日触れると思うんですが、その中で自分なりに「点を取るための読み方」を編み出してください。この意識があるだけで、だいぶ違いますよ。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"お答えします！\n\n▶︎【段落ごとに何を主張しているのかを捉える】\n解決方法として、こちらをおススメします。\n英語は段落ごとに大きな主張が必ずあります。\n段落の初めに言いたいことを抽象的に言って→具体的に例を使ったりして説明\nこの大きな流れが一般的です。\n抽象→具体の流れを覚えておきましょう。\n初めは、段落ごとに何を言っているのか、簡潔に余白に書く練習から始めて下さい。\n最終的にはこれを頭の中で、もしくは超簡潔に素早く書けるようになるといいです。\n単語の示唆する意味が分からないとのことですが、英文を読めているのに、読解できていない状況だと思います。\nそれならば、国語力を鍛える、背景知識を鍛えるしか方法はありません。\n\n幸運を👍"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_YE7LKxMynfTbqjA9.jpg?alt=media&token=c2c8acd1-7f66-46b5-b029-12bb55ac9183","adviserName":"キリンマダラ","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学経済学部","adviceId":"fFuK82MBp00JfyF5rfRp","numberOfFan":401,"clipsAvg":29.063604240282686,"adviceRateAvg":4.506172839506172,"profile":"慶應義塾大学経済学部、\n上智大学法学部法律学科、\n同志社大学商学部、法学部法律学科に合格\n\n同志社の本番試験では英語9割、国語8割、日本史7.5割（日本史は調整あり）でした。\n第一志望は慶應経済でした！\n\n"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"それは読めているとは言えません。\n\nまずは英語的な原因を潰しましょう。\n\n復習する際に、\n\n⑴わからない単語・熟語\n⑵理解できなかった構文\n\nを見つけましょう。これら2つが多い場合や、設問の回答根拠の部分にある場合は、英語的な知識や経験が原因と言えるでしょう。なので、語彙力や構文解釈を強化すればその問題点は解決されると思います。\n\n問題なのは、わからない単語・熟語や構文がなかった場合です。\n\nその場合に考えられるのは、ズバリ「国語力」です。これは割とあるあるなのですが、単純に読解力がネックになって英語が伸びない場合が多々あります。\n\nなので、現代文の力を伸ばしましょう。お勧めの参考書は「現代文読解力の開発講座」です。\n\nまた、早慶レベルになると、現代文で出てくるレベルの複雑な英文が出題されることも珍しくないので、英語を解く際も現代文を解く時と同じことを意識してみてください。\n\n例えば\n\n・選択肢の吟味(aは本文と逆のことを言っている、bは本文にはないことを言っている、cは言い過ぎ、などです)\n・単語の推測問題は私立の現代文に良く出る穴埋め問題だと思って解く\n\nなどです。何か不明点あれば追加でください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"何回か読まないとと意味が取れない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"初めまして\n\n解決策:そのままで大丈夫です というか一通り文を読み終えてから解くのは避けた方が良いです\n\nまず、問題の最後に内容一致問題がある場合\n特に選択肢が英語のものは、高い確率で本文の流れと選択肢の順番はリンクしてるので、内容一致問題なのでもちろん間違った部分もありますが、話題は掴めるので、まず1つ目の選択肢を読んで、その正誤を確認するために本文を読む、わかったら、次の選択肢の最後を確かめるために読む、、というのを続け、その間に傍線などあればその都度問いに答えるのが、長文演習では有効です \n\nまた、入試問題、問題集の長文は基本的に英語のサイトや記事から持ってきています つまり、書き手が伝えたいことは結局1つなのですが、記事として載せている以上、読者に読み物としてクオリティのあるものを作る必要があるため、その主張を支える例示、対比、理由などが細やかに書かれているので、英語を学習中の僕たちには複雑に感じてしまうことがあるのです\n\nなんで、各パラグラフ(段落)ごとに言いたいことも1つ(.主張、テーマ、理由、例示、対比など)なので、そのパラグラフの役割を考えれば、途中でわからない文が出てきても\nこれらは、非常に多くの場合パラグラフの先頭か末にあるので、そこから判断できます(例えばThere are three reasons.とくれば自明にそのパラグラフは理由について書かれていますね 考えてみれば当たり前のことしかないので、それを意識すればいいだけです)\n\n「このパラグラフは◯◯のいいことを言ってるんだからネガティヴな内容じゃねえだろうな」\nくらいの感覚で進んで構わないので 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文読解に対する軽い抵抗感"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！回答します！\n\n自分もこの時期英語めちゃめちゃ勉強してきて、知識的には読めないはずがないのに、なぜか文章が理解できない状況でした。その時すごい悩んで、何が行けないのか考えた結果ある答えにたどり着きました！  でもこれは人によって違うかもしれないから、絶対あってるとは言えないけど、参考にしてみてください🙏\n\n自分はそれまで、単語ひとつひとつに集中して理解しようとしてました。表現しづらいけど、単語だけで見てるから、1つの文が終わる頃にはその文になんて書いてあったか忘れる！みたいな感じでした。\nだから、１つの単語に集中するというより文を１つの塊としてよむように意識しました。読むスピードを出来るだけ上げて、単語を訳す前に次の単語に目を移動する感覚でした。１文が終わったらすぐに次の文を読まないで一度頭で内容を整理する感じです。難しいと思うかもしれないけど、一回やってみてください。\n \nあと、長文は論理展開を知っておくことでだいぶ読みやすくなります。論理を読み解く英語リーディングって参考書が、めっちゃおススメです！自分はこれやったら長文読みやすくなりました。\n\n\nなんかわかりづらくてすみません🙇‍♂️🙇‍♂️わからないことあったらコメントで聞いてください！！\n\n\n "}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"\n文章の構成は常に意識して、筆者が何を伝えようとしているか推測しながら読んでいました。\n\nただ文字を追うように読むのではなく、この文章がこの後どう展開していくのか考えながら読むことが重要です。\n\n大体文章は筆者が伝えたい主張が核としてあって、それを分かりやすくする為に、具体例や一般論を挙げたりだとかして文章に肉付けしていきます。\n\nところがそのまま一言一句訳しながら読もうとすると、肉付けしたところも丸ごと読むことになるので、沢山の情報量を一気に処理しなければならなくなり、結局読み終わった時に何が書いてあるんだかわからなくなったりするのです。\n\nなので、文章の中から取捨して、主張の核となる部分を拾い集めないといけません。\n\nそしてこれができると、\"内容把握系\"のこの中から正しい主張を選べ などといった問題が解けることになります。\n\n\n\n又、わからない文が続いていた中でも、その周囲の文章からあきらめずに推測してみることが大切です。\n読みにくいところは抽象的に書かれていることも多い為、周りの具体例を探しましょう。\n\n大体パラグラフの始めか終わりに、その段落のまとめはされることが多いことや、周囲のパラグラフの関係性から考えてみるとわかってくることがあると思います。\n\nあとは、余分な修飾語は見ずに着実に主語述語を抑えていくのも大切です。\n\n\nただ読むだけではなく考えながら読む。\n大変だとは思いますが、過去問演習頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"行間を読むには"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"　長文読解において念頭に置くべきは、筆者による趣旨だという認識は間違いないと思います。一般的に難解とされる内容一致問題の類のものも、細かい事項の正誤というよりか、筆者の一貫した主張を見据えていれば対処できるものが多いです（作問者の意図もそうでしょうから）。\n　今パッと思い出した、私なりに有効だった方法は、「パラグラフリーディング」です。段落（意味段落）ごとに数文字でそのパラグラフにおける筆者の主張というか言わんとしていることをさっとまとめます。全て読み終わった暁には、それらを繋いで一貫した筆者の論調が見て取れたりするかと思います。あるいは同じことを言っているに過ぎないと分かります。\n　いずれにせよ注意したいのは、for example,for instanceの箇所については比較的流し読みでよいことです。例示の部分は、筆者の主張のあくまで裏付けに過ぎないことが多いので、じっくり内容を\n理解することに時間をかけてはいけません。緩急、メリハリのついた読みが極めて肝腎です\n（速読においては）。その例示によって筆者が具体化している「主張」がいまいち読み取れてないときは、for exampleを利用する、くらいの意識でいましょう。\n　速読といっても、質問者さんがおっしゃるとおり、文字通り速く読めばよいというものでもありま\nせん。時間をかけて（文構造をとって）確実に意味を理解すべき箇所（線を引くとよいでしょう）もあります。これから入試続くと思いますが、自分なりの緩急の感覚をつかみながら戦っていって\n欲しい次第です。自信をもって最後までがんばってください。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文で主題を掴むには"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英語の文章って結論ファーストってよく言われるんだけれど、たぶん聞いたことあるんじゃないかなと思う。\n\nつまり最初のパラグラフで既に言いたいことが言われている場合が多いということ。\nそのあと中身で具体的にごにょごにょ説明されていて、また結論で、だから○○○だよねーってまた言いたいこと言われてる、みたいな構造。日本の起承転結とは全然違うよね笑。\n\n主題は掴めないとちょっとまずいので、(KYになってしまう、、、、)よく練習しよう。国語力と同じだね。\n※KYって今の子たちあんま言わないかな、、、笑笑\n\nもしどうしてもできなかったら、要約の練習とかしてみるといい。英語小論とか用の教材とか、早めにそういうの入手したらいいかも。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 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