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UniLink"}],["$","meta","3",{"name":"description","content":"自分の第一志望の英語では和訳問題が比較的多いのですが、固有名詞(特に人物名)が出できたとき読み方がわからないことが多々あるのですが、こういう場合英語のまま和訳文に突っ込んでしまっていいのでしょうか。"}],["$","link","4",{"rel":"icon","href":"/favicon.ico","type":"image/x-icon","sizes":"48x48"}],["$","link","5",{"rel":"icon","href":"/icon.png?2c0dc65a59843333","type":"image/png","sizes":"180x180"}],["$","link","6",{"rel":"apple-touch-icon","href":"/apple-icon.png?2c0dc65a59843333","type":"image/png","sizes":"180x180"}],["$","meta","7",{"name":"next-size-adjust"}]] 1:null 13:I[3903,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"ClientInfo"] 14:I[2798,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdUnderConsultation"] 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1b:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1c:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList2"] 1f:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList3"] 1a:T10b3,はじめまして! 私立ですが、勉強の一環として和訳もやっていましたし、模範解答を作る仕事もしているのでので回答しますね。 ちなみにですが、これを読んでいる私立志望の方も和訳練習はやっておくと良いです。綺麗な和訳はより良い理解に繋がりますよ。 まず、和訳で点が取れない原因として1からあげると、 ・単語がわからない ・構文が取れていない ・意訳ができない が大まかな理由です。 単語や構文は、単語帳や、英文解釈の勉強で鍛えるしかないので省略します。 意訳ができない場合、大きな原因は名詞構文や強調構文など細かい構文を把握していないことがあげられます。和訳が硬い場合はほぼこれが原因かと思われます。 さて、いきなりですが問題です。次の例文の和訳をしてみてください。和訳は紙に書き出してください。 確か国公立大学の和訳の過去問です。 ex) Man's love of a quiet life and his resistance to anything that threatens his mental harmony account for his dislike of change. できましたか? これは名詞構文の金字塔とも言えるほど名詞構文を説明する際に使われる英文です。 静かな生活の人間の愛と、、、なんてやっていては綺麗な和訳はできませんし理解もできません。 先程説明したようにここでは名詞構文がポイントになっています。 全体的な構文としては、Man's love〜harmonyまでがS 、account forがV、his dislike〜.がOとなります。(正確には accountは自動詞なのでfor以下はMになるはずですが、 account forで熟語として捉えた方がわかりやすいので) ☆ここで一つポイント 無生物主語の第三文型 →無生物S V O は受け身で訳すと綺麗になる場合があるというルールを適用。「SによってOはVされる」と訳す。 小さな構文をみていく時に、名詞構文の知識を使います。 所有格+動詞の派生名詞+前置詞+名詞 はそれぞれ s' v' o' を読み込めます。(名詞構文を知らない場合は理解できないと思うので後で載せる参考書を参照してください) そうすると、 Man's love of a quiet life s' v' o' は「人間が静かな生活を愛すること」と訳せます。 his resistance to anything that〜は s' v' o' 「人間がが〜なことに抵抗すること」となり his dislike of changeは s' v' o' 「人間が変化を嫌うこと」 と綺麗に訳せますよね。これをofだから「〜の」としか考えていないと綺麗な和訳はできないんですね。 さらに大きな構文と☆から 「SによってOは説明される」( account forは説明するという熟語)となります。 説明される→わかる くらいの意訳をしても👌です。 そうすると、 人間が静かな生活を愛することと、自分の心の調和を脅かすものはなんであれそれに抵抗することによって、人間が変化を嫌うことは説明される。 となり、これを綺麗にすると 人間が静かな生活を愛し、自分の心の調和を脅かすものはなんであれそれに抵抗することを見れば、人間が変化を嫌うことが分かるのである。 のように訳せます。 説明するのが難しかったので一題例を挙げて説明しましたが、名詞構文や強調構文などこのような知識が不足している場合は綺麗な和訳はできません。 このような知識を補うには、 関先生の英文読解の特別講座やプラチナルール長文などを使うと良いと思います。 和訳の演習問題には、 減点されない英文解釈がおすすめです! さらに余力がある場合は最難関大への英文解釈にチャレンジしてみてください! 何かあれば質問してください! 頑張ってくださいね! 1d:T1ba5,・何から始めたのか(受験勉強を本格的に意識し始めたのは高3くらいだった気がしますが、その頃にはすでに、それまでの勉強で基礎はある程度身に付いている状態だったので、勉強を始めたというのがいつのことを言えば良いのかわからず、そのため高校1年の最初の時期にやってたことを書かせていただきます。) [国語]  現代文は実際に文章を読んで問題を解くことから(高校に入って一番最初の課題が問題集でした。)、古文と漢文は、古文ならば単語と用言の活用や助動詞などの基礎的な文法事項を、漢文ならば句形を覚え、同時進行で授業の予習として教科書の文章を品詞分解、単語ごとの文法的説明、現代語訳(漢文はこれに加えて書き下し)をすることから始めました。 [社会]  教科書を読むことから始めました。教科書にも載っていないような知識を問う問題はまず出ませんし、仮に出たとしてもほとんどの人が答えられないと思います。なので、社会は教科書を中心に学習を進めるのが一番です。 [英語]  学校指定の教材で英単語と文法を学習し、同時進行で予習として教科書の英文を読むことから始めました。 ・1日どれくらい勉強していたのか  高1は部活もあったので、それが終わるだいたい18:00に学校を出て塾に直行し、そこから21:00を目安に勉強していたので、だいたい平日は3時間程度でした。途中から閉塾する22:30まで勉強するようになり、その時は4時間30分程度でした。休日は、午前は部活で潰れたので、そこから弁当持参で塾へ直行し、17:00頃までやってた記憶があります。  高2も変わらず部活がありましたが、高2からは、休み時間が暇だったので、その時間を使って志望校の過去問や問題集の問題を解くようになり、平日は3時間に加えて休み時間分の合計3時間半〜4時間くらいだと思います。休日は高1の時より少し長めにやってた記憶があります。具体的に何時間かはもう失念しました。高2からは文系の特進クラスのようなところにクラス分けされたので(志願制ですが)、周りのレベルも非常に高かったというのも休み時間の勉強を始める間接的な要因だったかもしれません。  高3は、4,5月に新型コロナウイルス感染症の蔓延による休校で、その2ヶ月くらいは一日中時間があったので、家で学校から出された休校期間中の課題に加え、自分で購入した問題集を計画立ててやりました。多い時で11時間45分くらい、少ない時で7時間くらい、平均するとだいたい9時間は勉強していたと思います。それから6月に部活を引退し、そこからは時間にこだわることなく、やらなければならないことをひたすらやりました。 ・身についたと言えるのは何ができたら良いか  どんな問題でも良いですが、何も見ずに正解導出の正しい過程を人に教えることができるようになれば、身についたと言えるんじゃないですかね。私の尊敬する国語の先生が仰っていたのは、「5歳児でも分かるように」ということです。模試なども指標にはなり得ますが、問題の分野によってその成績や判定は変わるので注意が必要です。 ・授業中はどのように過ごしていたか  教科に関わらず、基本的に授業はまじめに受けました。私の学校では、授業中に指名して発言させることが多かったというのもあるでしょうが、内職をした記憶はあまりないです。特に、前述しましたが、国語の先生でとても尊敬する先生がいて、その先生の授業は大好きだったので、それには一際力を入れてまじめに取り組みましたね。 ・モチベーションはどのように保っていたか  私は高3の12月まで共通テスト模試の成績が全然振るわず、前述したように周りのクラスメイトのレベルも高かったので、それはもうとても不安でしたが、3年時の担任の先生は常々、「この学校の、特にクラスの生徒は代々、センター本番で自己ベストを更新する人がたくさんいる。だから、今悪くても諦めずにやり続ければ絶対大丈夫だ。」と仰っていたので、それを信じてやり続けました。志望校(当時は京大)の判定も常に悪く、D判定より上をとったことはありませんでしたが、私には変にプライドがあったので、志望校を下げることはしませんでした。それも、継続につながってくれたのかもしれません。 ・勉強の環境作りはどのようにしていたか  私は、基本的には学校の教室と塾の自習室で勉強しました。休校中はどちらも利用できなかったので、しかし自分の部屋では誘惑が多く勉強できなかったので、スマホなど誘惑要素は全て自分の部屋におき、家のリビングで勉強していました。そして、勉強道具なども全てなるべくリビングに置くようにし、勉強が終わるまで自分の部屋に戻らなくてもいいようにしました。家族がいる時もありましたが、家族の目があることでかえって怠けられないという意識が出てきて身が入りました。自分で環境を作るのは難しいので、自習室や教室など、予め勉強のために作られた環境を利用する方が楽だと思います。 ・おすすめの塾、予備校はどこか  私は、全体が320人いる学年で私含め10名ほどしか通っていない無名の塾に通っていたので、おすすめの塾については正直わかりません。予備校も、東進や河合塾や駿台など、全国的にも有名な予備校に通えばハズレはないと思いますが、講座の量や金額の面もありますので、そこに通うことで成績が上がる保証はありません。結局は、自分がやるかやらないかです。 ・最後に  友人もサボっていたから安心しているようでは、正直言って甘いです。サボるのはヤバいことですし、友人もサボっているならばなおさらヤバいと感じるべきです。一緒にサボっていたはずの友人との間に差が開いてようやく焦りを感じている姿を大いに反省してください。本来ならば、他でもない自分がサボってしまったという事実によって焦りを感じるべきなのですから。1e:T14a1,言っていることが多少捉えにくいですのでご注意下さい。あととても長いです… 難しい文章になると単語帳に載ってる言い方から離れた翻訳になることはよくあります。 自分が受験期にしていたことは、概念を意識することでした。単語の概念を意識すると型にはまることもなく文章を多様に訳せるようになります。 では、概念を意識するとはどういうことか。それは、類語を意識することだと思ってください。例えばですが、preventという単語の意味に関して、概念の範疇内で違った言い方(訳し方)をできる限り多く頭に浮かべてください。(限界まで浮かべたら下へ) どうでしょうか。恐らく浮かんだ数が多ければ多い人ほど柔軟な翻訳能力が備わっていると思います。 「防ぐ」「阻む」「抑え込む」「押しとどめる」「差し止める」「封じる」「禁じる」「庇う」「助ける」「おかげで〜回避できる」…など、単語帳に載っていない沢山の異なる言い方があると思います。意味の類語から類語へとどんどん連想していくだけで適切な訳が見つかってきます。 「助ける」や「おかげで〜回避できる」などに疑問を持った方も居ると思いますが、例えば、 He prevented me from repeating a year.という文では「彼が留年から私を救ってくれた。彼のおかげで留年しないで済んだ。」などという風に訳したほうが自然です。「彼は私を留年から防いだ。」という様な訳だと意味は通じるけれど翻訳の仕方が下手ですよね。これが臨機応変にその場に合った翻訳ができるということを指すのです。 難しい言い方をしますが、概念とは同類のものから共通部分をぬき出して得た表象であり、類語はその共通部分を帯びた言葉に当たります。場面に応じた翻訳の仕方が上手い人は、単語帳に載っている言い方だけでなく単語の意味を概念で捉えた上でその類語力に力があるのではないでしょうか。(伝わりにくかったらすみません) また、単語推測に関しては長文のトピックを掴んだ上で文章の流れや文脈、書き手の意思を汲み取って考えてみると知らない単語の意味が推測できますよ。 例えば、形容詞 jubilant を例に文を作ります。 She has jubilant eyes for a perfect score in math. この場合、 文脈を見るべきですよね。jubilant という単語は良い意味なのか悪い意味なのかどちらなのでしょうか。それは、for以下を見れば a perfect score から jubilant が良い意味だということがわかりますよね。 「彼女は数学で100点満点を取って嬉しそうな目をしている。」 実際はこのように簡単にはいきませんが、長文の途中で未知の単語が出てきても前後の文脈が理解できれば多少は意味が推測できるはずです。(動詞や形容詞なら意味的にマイナスかプラスかなど) 以上の二点(類語連想、文脈理解)を踏まえて、実践してみましょう。 下記の英文はある料理本に載っている注釈の一部を抜粋したものです。 If your recipe is for a dessert, soup, or other item recommended as a side course, please nail down your submission includes suggestions for main dishes that it would complement. 上手く翻訳できるでしょうか。 ポイントは4つあります。 ①nail down ②submission ③suggestions ④complement submissionとは「提案、提出、投稿」などの意味ですがここではレシピに関する話をしているので、料理そのものを指しますよね。 suggestionsは「示唆」や「暗示」を表しますがこの場合、名詞で訳さず動詞的に「しそう、できそう」と訳した方が適切な翻訳になりますよね。 complementは「を完全にする」などの意味ですがそれだと意味的に通らないので、類語を連想して文脈に当てはめると「を引き立たせる、を映えさせる」とすることができますよね。 最後に、nail downですがこれは以上の3点を理解した後に意味が見えてきます。「〜するようにする」の意味ですが、pleaseやsubmission以降の文からわかるはずです。 従って、和訳は 「お作りになるレシピがデザートやスープなどのサイドメニューでしたらメイン料理を上手く引き立たせられるようご確認下さい。」 となります。 結論何が言いたいかというと、適切な訳を思いつくようにするには類語を連想することが手っ取り早いということです。単語推測に関しては国語的な力も必要ですが(文脈や筆者の言いたいことに対する理解)、鍛錬すれば「あ、今こんなこと言ってるんだな」って勝手に分かってきます。頑張ってください。 2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=f1MOr4UBTqPwDZPuMC4P","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"和訳問題の固有名詞(特に人物名)について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",1,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"1/14 15:53"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"Hana❀","infoString":"高2 三重県 京都大学薬学部(65)志望","adviceId":"f1MOr4UBTqPwDZPuMC4P"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"自分の第一志望の英語では和訳問題が比較的多いのですが、固有名詞(特に人物名)が\n出できたとき読み方がわからないことが多々あるのですが、こういう場合英語のまま和訳文に突っ込んでしまっていいのでしょうか。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}]]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_ZyfqTpmxhnb4cjzD6sVl5y4Hkfg1.jpg?alt=media&token=1802b6a1-15b6-4679-9d05-2f5f3cd8ddb9","adviserName":"りょう","adviserDepartment":"京都大学法学部","adviceId":"f1MOr4UBTqPwDZPuMC4P"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"固有名詞よく出てきますよね笑。\n実際の採点で、英文のまま突っ込むことで減点されるかどうかはわからないというのが実情かと思います。しかし、そのまま英文を書き写すよりかは、発音が間違っていてもカタカナにして和訳するのがオススメです。\n\nその理由は、和訳の問題は、わからなくても「訳そうとする姿勢」が重要だからです。分からない単語が出てきたとき、英語のまま和訳として書く人は国立の入試ではほとんど居ないと思います。なぜなら、分からない単語でも意味を前後の文から推測して書くことが求められる設問もあるからです。このようなことを踏まえると、読み方が分からない固有名詞でも、何とか訳す姿勢を見せることで、(難しい読み方の固有名詞は周りも読めないので)周りと差がつくことはないのでは無いかと思います。\n入試はあくまで相対評価なので、多くの人と同じことをしていれば大丈夫です。私も私の周りの友人もカタカナで訳して書いてました、"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 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whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ありがとうございました!\nやはり無理やりカタカナにしたほうがいいんですね!"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/f1MOr4UBTqPwDZPuMC4P","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"和訳問題の固有名詞(特に人物名)について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語はどこまでしっかりやるべきなのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私は最も重要な意味だけ覚えて周回回数を増やすことに拘ってやってました。\n単語熟語文法を覚えたら解釈をやることになります。そこで徹底的に構文把握能力を鍛えるとどの単語も品詞が何か見抜けるようになります。\nこの単語の意味広げるだったけどここでは目的語ないから自動詞じゃないと説明つかないなってなったら広がると解釈すればいいし、直後に関係詞来ててどう考えても名詞だなって思ったら広がりって解釈すれば良いので広げるだけ覚えてても対応できます。下線訳で広がりだと自然な日本語にならないなって思ったら普及だとか拡散だとか自然な日本語になるように同じニュアンスの言葉を当てはめれば対応出来ます。\nただし多義語は注意が必要です。dietを見て食べ物しか出てこないと議会という意味で出てきた時に対応出来なくなります。\n明らかにイメージが異なる意味が複数ある場合はセットで覚えてください!"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 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