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1b:T1082,でも文法と文章の連関性について疑問を持てただけでも大きな成果と言えます。
文章を読むということ自体にもレベルが存在します。

この間も掲載しましたがまず単語があって、それを並び替える際のルールである文法（文を作るための法律と考える）があって、文をいくつか集めてパラグラフになったら文と文の関係性について考える英文解釈があって、さらにパラグラフをいっぱい集めて長文ができて文章問題になって・・・。ということを意識しましょう。

まず、単語です。
一通り隈なくチェックし、単語帳にあったものは確実に仕留めましょう。単語帳に加えるもよし。エクセルでまとめておくのもよし。〔後者は大学生がよくやります〕

ここで１つ。
ちなみに音読する際に使用する教材は必ず単語をすべて理解した上でやらないと効果がありません。
音読は日本語を通さず英語を英語のまま理解する作業なので、わからない単語があってはならないのです。音読自体も、ただやるのではなく、さまざまな方法が考案されているので、参考にしてみてください。正しいアクセントや発音で音読することによって、リスニング力の向上も期待できます。

話が脱線しました。
単語は以上です。

続いては悩みの種、文法。
ちなみにですが、文法と英文解釈は同じ領域の作業です。ただ、英文解釈自体は文法が完璧に入っていることで意味があるものなので、必ず英文解釈をやる前には四択文法問題と語句整序は制覇しておいてください。

あと、文法と一口に言っても、「書くときに必要な文法」と「読むために必要な文法」とがあるので混ぜるな危険です。
読むために必要な文法は、基本五文型、接続詞の用法、時制、形容詞用法なとです。

例えばですが、同じif節でも過程と条件は大きく違います。接続詞あるあるで、同じ語を用いていても用法が大きく異なることがあります。

その際に文法は活きるのです。
用法を見極め、意味を確定していくことが可能となります。

修飾関係の見極めなとが英文解釈問題ではよくテーマにされますが、そうしたときに素早く判断できるよう、文法の知識をアウトプットできるようにしておいてください。

とりあえず、英文を復習する際には、五文型に分け、それぞれの文の成分を書き、修飾関係を〔〕などを用いて明らかにしていきます。

そこから、修飾関係に注意しながら一文一文訳していきます。訳す作業は書かなくてもスクリプトを見ながら声に出せば十分です。もし、スクリプトと、間違えている部分があれば修正し、その一題を完璧にしていきていきます。


全部一通り訳し終えたら今度は一定の速度で読むトレーニングをします。かなり前の投稿で行った通り、Marchであれば15~20行、早慶であれば24±α行くらいを３分から3分30で読めるようにしていきます。

ここで注意してほしいのは、速読ではないことです。
なぜなら速読をできるほどのレベルを大学受験の段階で習得することは不可能に近いからです。

本番、焦って早く読もうとして内容が入って来なくてまた焦る、、、みたいなことではいけません。
いつでもどこでも同じスピードで読めるようにする事で本番の不安を軽減できます。以前の投稿で過去問の使い方でも話した通り、ブロック読みができるよう努めてください。

こんなもんでしょうか？とりあえず語学は解く前に読めることが重要です。まずは読むための練習をし、そのあと解くためのテクニックを磨けるよう努力してください。1d:T215b,　以下、参考までに私の見解を。

⑴　目的意識の大切さ
　まず、「これから具体的にどのように勉強を進めて行けばいいのかが分かりにくくなった」のは一体なぜなのか、考えてみる必要があるように思います。結論から言えば、答えは恐らく目的意識の欠如にあると私は考えます。
　およそ何かを勉強するにあたり、その目的を自分なりに明確にしてもっておくことは基本中の基本です。なぜ英語を勉強するのか。だいたいの受験生は志望校に合格するためだと答えるでしょうが、考えるべきはもっと先のこと、すなわち、なぜ志望校に合格する為に英語を勉強する必要があるのか、わかりやすく換言すれば、なぜ「英語」という科目があるのか、ということについて考えねばなりません。別の方の相談に対する回答でもお示ししましたが、それは「グローバル化に伴う国際的な社会意識の敷衍により、日本でも今後の生活には英語を理解できる能力が最低限必要になってくるから」という答えを誰でも思い浮かべると思います。とすると、英語を勉強する目的は志望校に合格することではなく、志望校に合格できるだけの英語能力を身に付けることであると考えられましょう。そしてこれが見えてくると、英単語帳や英文法帳、英文解釈書などの参考書はいずれも英語を理解する能力を養うための手段に過ぎないことは誰にでも理解できるでしょう。単語も文法も解釈の技術も、それが実際に文章の中で生かされていることを身をもって体験することなしには、いくら多くの単語や文法事項を覚えたとしても、それは勉強したとは言えないということについても理解していただけるかと思います。
　相談文を読んでいる限り、どうもあなたは参考書を終わらせることが第一に目的となってしまっている感が否めません。冒頭で私が「目的意識の欠如」と書いたのはこういうことです。英語を勉強することの真なる目的を見失っている。だから、単語を覚えた、文法を覚えた、解釈の技術を知ったというだけの段階で、次に何をするべきかを見失っているのだと思います。

⑵　長文問題について
　上記のように、単語文法解釈はいずれも英語を理解する能力の涵養を目的とし、それを果たすための手段であることを理解できれば、塾講師の先生が「長文は2ヶ月に1冊はやれ」と仰った理由もわかると思います。単語も文法も解釈の技術も、「それが実際に文章の中で生かされていることを身をもって体験する」ことが必要だと書きましたが、そのような生きた文章というのが長文問題であるということです。長文問題で提示されている生きた英文を読んで、単語帳に書かれている単語や文法帳に書かれている文法事項が実際にどのように使われているのか、解釈書で学んだ解釈の技術が、英文を読むにあたり実際にどのように生きてくるのか、こうしたことを体験し、自らの単語文法知識や解釈技術の使い方に反省を与えること、そしてこれを何度も繰り返すことで初めて単語・文法・解釈の技術を正しく会得できる。そのために、長文問題というのは単語や文法、解釈の勉強の後ではなく、本来これらはすべて一体に行われなければならないし、単語文法解釈等の生きた知識を身に付けるにはどれだけやってもやりすぎではないと私は考えます。
　なお、別にそれらの単語文法等が生かされた文章であれば長文問題である必要は必ずしもあるとは思いません。しかし、いったい市販の単語帳や文法帳などは、これまでの多くの大学の受験問題の傾向から、問われる可能性の高い単語や文法事項をピックアップしてそれをまとめたものであるし、市販の長文問題集も、それらに基づいて問題設計がなされているものがほとんどであるから、下手に自分で文章を探すよりもそれら問題集を活用した方がよっぽど効果的であると考えられます。
　現在は2日の１問のペースで進めているそうですが、個人的に高３の段階ならば演習量を増やしたほうがいいと考えます。少なくとも１日に１問はやった方が良いかと（ほかの受験生もこれと同等以上のペースなのではないでしょうか）。特に早稲田のような私立でもトップクラスの大学となると、長文の難易度はかなり高いものと推測できます。これをライバルたちよりもゆっくりのペースで対策して、果たして彼らを出し抜けるかどうか。本格的な対策はいくら早くから始めても損はないように思います。

⑶　単語文法解釈に関しての今後
　ある程度のインプットを終えたならば、もう長文問題集をガンガン進めていっても差し支えないように思えますので、いつまでも単語帳や文法帳にしがみつくようなことは避けた方が良いと考えます。なので、あくまで復習の手段として「今使っているものを周回し続ける」程度で十分だと思います。復習のタイミングについてはいろいろな見解があると思いますが、あまり深く考えずに、適当だと思ったタイミングで復習していただければ問題はないかと。
　ただ、英単語については、その真なる「意味」がなんであるかを考えることが何より重要でると思います。英単語帳に書かれている英単語とそれに対応する日本語は、単に訳し方のパターンの一部を列挙しているに過ぎないのであり、そんなものを機械的に覚えることの何が楽しいのか私にはわかりかねます。考えるべきはなぜ同じ一単語で複数の訳し方があるか、その根幹となる共通の観念とは何か、ということであり、それこそが単語の真なる「意味」であると私は思います。わかりやすい表現を使えば「コアイメージ」などといったところでしょうか。"run"という動詞の意味は何かと聞かれて、ただ単に「走る」などと答えるのは、"I bought this book for $10."の"for"の意味は何かと聞かれて、「～で」と答えるようなものです。正しくは「交換」であり、それが文章によっては「～で」と訳されたり、「～と引換えに」と訳されたり、「～と交換で」と訳されたりするだけです。どう訳すかは、文章の内容に従って適切な表現をその都度探していけばよく、これこそがまさに「文脈で判断する」ということであると思います。いくつかの訳し方のパターンを覚えて、文章によってそのどれかを選ぶというようなことは、ひどく言えば勘、あてずっぽうの範疇です。それで運よく当たったとしても、その単語を真に理解しているように採点官に見せかけられるだけで、現に真なる理解に到達していることにはなりません。これではすべての問題が一か八かの大博打となってしまい、大変リスキーです。したがって、英単語を学習する際は、その核たる意味とは何かということに注目してみると、英語能力の向上につながると思います。復習の際や長文問題で見知らぬ単語が出てきた際などは、こういうことを意識してみるとよいかもしれません。

だいぶん長くなりましたが、私の考えていることは以上です。英語学習にあたり、これを参考にすることで一助になれば、私としては幸いです。読みにくかったりわかりにくかったりするところがあれば、申し訳ございません。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=dlJllIEBTqPwDZPu2pTa","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"助動詞の意味の使い分け"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",2,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"6/24 15:28"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"ペン","infoString":"高卒 北海道 九州大学文学部(60)志望","adviceId":"dlJllIEBTqPwDZPu2pTa"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"英語長文を読んでいて、毎回助動詞で引っかかってしまいます。例えば、mayだったらどっちの意味なんだろうと思ってしまいます。\n参考書等で、状態動詞の時は推量の意味になる等書かれていますが、たまーに状態動詞なのに推量じゃない意味が来ていたり、と助動詞に苦手意識ができてしまいました。\nどうすれば良いでしょうか？"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"英語の専門家ではないのでこれは僕の意見ですが、本を読んでみることをお勧めします。つまり、英語に触れる量を全体的に増やしたほうがいいと言うことです。\n例えばmayという一つの助動詞をとっても、許可、譲歩、推量とかなんとか文法上の意味は多くあります。しかしそれらの意味は母語でない文法を学ぶため、構文解析のためには必要不可欠ですが、受験長文において文法的に助動詞の意味を分類することには僕はあまり価値を感じていません。むしろ、mayをそのままmayとして処理する能力、つまり英語自体に慣れて、あえて意味を言語化せずとも感覚的に文章を理解できるようになる能力の方が大事であると考えます。(ただし文法解析もなんかみんなやってるし意味はあるんだろうから疎かにはしてほしくないけど！)\nとりあえず英語の本、お勧めですよ。\n貴方の英語力は分かりませんが、僕はダレン・シャンとかハリーポッターとかリゼロとか英語で読んでました。日本語版を読んだことがあるものの方がお勧めです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_xJsOe5DOSOOsW4kfea7nlsP0zZ53.jpg?alt=media&token=b93ff7db-feb5-4f23-9951-481210184bfa","adviserName":"Atom","adviserDepartment":"東京大学理科一類","adviceId":"dlJllIEBTqPwDZPu2pTa","numberOfFan":3,"clipsAvg":5,"adviceRateAvg":4.551724137931035,"profile":"現役　理科一類一年\n合格: 理一、慶応学問B、早稲田先進理工\n出身:私立中高一貫進学校\n高校の部活:サッカー部、軽音部\n塾:数学、物理、英語\n趣味:けーぽ\nなんか始めたばっかでよくわかんないけど力になれたら嬉しいです！がんばってね！！"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl 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py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_xJsOe5DOSOOsW4kfea7nlsP0zZ53.jpg?alt=media&token=b93ff7db-feb5-4f23-9951-481210184bfa","contributorName":"Atom","adviceId":"dlJllIEBTqPwDZPu2pTa"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"Atom","adviceId":"dlJllIEBTqPwDZPu2pTa"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"6/24 15:33"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"頑張ってくださいー！"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文解釈力についての不安"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まずわからない箇所があって質問できる環境にいるならすぐに聞きましょう！講座勧められてもその先生の回答で理解できたなら、わかりやすかったから取る必要なくなりましたって言えばいいんです。\n\n解釈力は、「単語」と「文法」と「文章処理能力」の3をバランスよく身につけることで上がります。翻って、そのどれかが欠けていると解釈がしにくくなる、できなくなるという現象が起きます。\n\nまず単語が一番大切です。解釈できない理由として一番考えられる原因です。\nテキストカバー率という学説があります。これはある文書があったとして、その文書の95%〜98%の単語を知っていたら十分な読解が得られるというものです。100単語の文書があったとして95単語を知っていたら残りの5語を知らなくても解釈に差し支えないということです。反対に、95%を下回った場合にはその文書の理解度はぐっと下がります。\nつまり、大学受験レベルの文書に触れていて、知らない単語が多発するなら解釈に著しい影響を与えていることが確かなのです。今一度プライドを捨て謙虚に単語を覚えましょう。\n\nそして文法も同じく大切です。単語を覚えてもそれを構成する形(文法)によって意味がそれぞれ異なりますよね。sothat構文やクジラ構文のように、それ自体に意味がある場合は覚えていないと対処できません。だから単語同様しっかりと覚える必要があります。\n\n最後に文章処理能力について。これは単純に英語の長文に慣れているかどうかって事です。いくら単語文法を覚えても、すんなりと頭に入れて理解するのにはどうしても慣れが必要です。英語のテキストをなんの抵抗もなく日本語を読むかのような意識で処理するには読みまくるしかないです。読んで読んで読みまくれば、今まで意識していたことが無意識にできるようになります。これを意識の抽象度の上昇と言います。とにかく英語に触れる絶対量を増やしてください。\n\nこの参考書をやれば解釈力が上がるなどという魔法の杖は存在しません。泥臭く地道に単語と文法と長文に触れる絶対量を増やしましょう！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"MARCH英語長文の壁に当たっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず長文は下線が引かれてて和訳する、または記号問題の該当箇所ではない限り、きちんと精読する必要はありません。たぶんかびごんさんは、全文きちんと和訳できるぐらい正確にきちんと読もうとされて、ノックアウトされているような気がします。内容が把握出来なさすぎるのはいけませんが、少々雑で良いですから、細部に拘らず、パラグラフごとに意味を大まかにとり、最終的には全体で意味をとるようにしましょう。各段落にパラグラフメモを簡潔に一文ぐらいで書く練習をするのも良いですよ。文構造がすぐに思い浮かばないと仰っていましたが、これに関しては慣れです。恐らく今まで短い文章を精読するような参考書を使って勉強されてきたと思うので、これから難易度は気にせず、簡単な文章でも大量に読む多読をしましょう。最初は時間がかかり、なかなか先に進まないとは思いますが、続けていれば内容をそこそこ把握しながら速く読めるようになります。その時に和訳する時のような、日本語の語順で読むのではなく、英語の語順で英語のまま理解するようにしてください。これも最初はきついですが、慣れれば出来ます。あとわからない文構造、単語が出てきたら、手持ちの参考書で辞書を引く感覚でその都度調べる癖をつけましょう。これをやっていると頭の中に今まで習ったことがより定着していきます。また動詞を見た時に前置詞を予測して読めないとも仰っていましたが、これは英単語を覚える時に前置詞まで及んでいないからだと思います。例えばthinkだけを覚えても意味はなくて、think about, think of、前置詞ではありませんが、think thatまで覚えるようにしましょう。前置詞によって同じ英単語でも意味が変わるものは数多く存在するので、単語帳だけで不十分なのであれば英熟語の参考書を買ってやった方が良いと思います。頑張ってください！応援しております！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["慶應義塾大学商学部"," ","sky"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語の長文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"よみにくい長文を読むときに大事なのは意識です。\n何となく長文を読んでいると内容を掴めなくなる、、、、それは何となくよんでいるからです !\n英語は母国語じゃないです。母国語じゃない言語を読むことはものすごく大変ですし、その内容を覚えるのは本当に大変なことなんです。\n何も意識しないで読むと、自分が理解できて覚えられるところと、難しくて覚えられないところの境界が曖昧になります。つまり、せっかく理解できてる箇所もあるのに、文章全体がよくわからないという印象になってしまうのです。そうなると、せっかく理解できているのにもう一度理解し直さなければならないところも出てきます。\nですので、常に自分が理解できているか、意味を取れているのかを自分自身に問いかけながら読んでください。どこかで、「ここなにいってるんだ? 」みたいなところが出てくるはずです。「無知の知」です。境界線をはっきりさせることで、それより上は分かっているということがわかります。再び考えるときに、わからないところだけを選ぶことができます。\n\nではわからないところをどうするのか。頑張っても読めないところは、おそらく自分の理解を超えてるから読めないのです。なので完全理解をあきらめます。これは完全に私のやり方ですが、、、\n理解をあきらめて、論理構造だけに注目します。A=Bということは、AとBが何がわからなくても理解することはできます。論理構造だけに注目しても、問題には答えられるなんてことはよくあります(後にB=Cだと分かったとして、問題文でA=Cを選ばせたりする、、、あくまで一例です)。\n\n英語を読むことはほんとうに難しいのです! 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