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19:Tda6,はじめまして。
単語についてです。これはセンターも京大の二次もそうなんですが、単語帳の内容丸暗記はあまり通用しなくなってきています。センターだとよく単語帳の赤字になっている意味で間違いの選択肢を作り、単語帳にあまり載っていない表現で正解の選択肢を作る年があります。なので単語帳の丸暗記だと騙させてしまう。二次はもっとシンプルで、一体一の表現で覚えていると綺麗な日本語を紡げなくて苦労します。どうすればいいかと言うと、言葉のコアになる部分(本質)をイメージとして理解することが大切です。古文単語の語幹とイメージは互換性があるので意外と効率よく覚えられます。そのようなこともあり、マドンナは分からないですが、ゴロゴは私はあまりおすすめしません。初学者の取っ掛りとしてはいいと思いますが、少なくとも京大を目指す人が使う単語帳としてはあまりにも不十分過ぎると思います。そこで私が使った単語帳を紹介します。｢解法古文単語350｣。私が通っていた予備校の講師が出している単語帳で、本質的なイメージはもちろん、その単語が用いられる構文、設問＆解答パターンが網羅されており、付録で古文常識が記載されています。とても盛り沢山な単語帳です。これめちゃくちゃおすすめです。
文法について。言うことは一つ、助動詞と敬語を押さえろ、です。古文は文脈が命です。よく問題集で｢文脈判断により答えはこれ｣みたいな質の悪い解説を見かけますが、正直古文は文脈が分かればほとんど解けます。具体的には和訳と状況の因果関係です。問題なのはどうやって文脈を判断するか。その手がかりになるのが助動詞と敬語です。助動詞によって、その述語部分の状況が分かります。敬語によって、その主体が分かります。この作業繰り返して、和訳・状況の因果関係を把握し、文脈を押さえていきます。おすすめの参考書等は特にないですが、一覧表と識別方法が載っているのにしてください(むしろ載っていない方が少ないかも)。
読解について。センターだったら単語と文法が出来ていれば特に対策はいらないと思います。二次にはその2つに加えて構文や古文常識が必要になることが出てきます。この単語が出た時はこの要素とこの要素が必要になってくる(ないと状況がわかりにくくて減点対象になりうる)、この行動にはこのような背景があるなどなど。対策としては、上述した｢解法古文単語350｣で充分網羅できます(だからこそ私がこんなにも推している笑)！
色々書きましたが、高2の段階でそこまで高い意識で古文を対策しようとしているだけで十分な対策は出来ると思います。単語→文法→読解の順で時間がかかるので、あまり古文に重しを起きたくないor思いの外負担になるようだったら、この順番で手をつけ始めるとよいと思います。読解は1ヶ月くらいあれば対応できます。頑張ってください！1b:Td9b,　こんにちは、tonaです。勉強は大体どの科目でも基礎をおろそかにせず、問題演習を繰り返すことが大切で、もちろん古文も同じです。最初の方はできないことも多いかと思いますが、諦めず勉強を続けてみてください。ある程度時間をかけることで解決されることもあるかと思います。1)勉強の進め方、2)参考書についてを書いていきます。
　
1)勉強の進め方
　最初は単語と文法の勉強です。これらをおろそかにしていると、いつまで経ってもできるようになりません。
　次に、問題演習が大切になります。文章を読めるようにすることと古文でよく聞かれる問題を知ることから始め、きちんと正解できるまでにしていきます。その後文章のレベル、問題のレベルを上げていきます。
　その中で単語や文法で処理できない問題などが出てきます。それらは背景となる古文常識などと呼ばれるものが必要になり、その作品が書かれた背景や作者についての古文常識があるとすんなり解けます。これらは問題集などの解説についているので、そこで学んでいけば良いかと思います。
　これらが順調に完成すると、どんな文章でも大抵は読むことができ、問題も解けるようになると思います。分からない単語が出てきたとしても文脈で理解することができるようになっていきますので、基礎をしっかりやることは常に意識してください。


2)参考書について
　古文単語の参考書は300語くらい入っているものが良いです。持っていたらそれを何周もしましょう。私は『古文単語330』をおすすめしますが、ネットでの評判を見ていると『マドンナ古文単語』も良いと思います。これも実際には300語以上入っているので問題ないです。これらに載っているものを覚えていれば、基本的に問題を解く時に必要な単語として足ります。
　基本の文法が足りないと感じたら、まずは『マドンナ古文』をやってみてください。基本事項の参考書的なものです。また、文章を読みながら文法を学ぶのであれば『ステップアップノート』もおすすめです。あまり時間をかけずに進めることが可能なので、最初でやるには気楽だと思います。
　問題演習では『古文上達　基礎編読解と演習45』とその復習をやるのが良いかと思います。その後『古文上達 読解と演習56』をやっていくのはレベル的に良いかと思います。最終的に私立レベルの問題に対応するために『有名私大古文演習』や『首都圏難関私大古文演習』までできていれば、過去問なども解き進められ、古文で困ることはないかと思います。


　ここまで読んでいただきありがとうごさいます。私の受験期と予備校に関わっていた時期の知識をたどって回答したので、不足していることもあるかと思います。他に聞きたいことなどありましたらコメントしてください。この回答がAさんの今後の勉強の一助となれば幸いです。頑張ってください！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=d9DgyWYBTqPwDZPurkE_","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古文常識について！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",2,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"10/31 20:27"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"へへへ","infoString":"高2 山梨県 山梨大学志望","adviceId":"d9DgyWYBTqPwDZPurkE_"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"現在高校2年の理系です。センター古文は9〜10割を目指しています。\nわたしは古文の知識が全くなかったので、今は単語を覚えていて、もうすぐ300に達します。そこで次に古文常識か文法どちらに移るか悩んでいます。古文常識があるに越したことはないと思いますが、センターなどでは必要とされていますか？出来るだけ古文の学習量は少ない方がいいので、飛ばせるものなら古文常識は飛ばして、文法に移りたいです。どちらの方が良いでしょう？\nまた、古文常識を勉強するなら、マドンナで十分でしょうか？\nおねがいします！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"私は文法を先にやることをおすすめします！\nなぜなら古文常識は問題を解きながら身につくからです。\n単語、文法の知識があれば問題集はだいたい解けるはず。問題集を解いた後、しっかり現代語訳と設問の解説を読んでいけば、古文常識、時代背景は何となく身についてゆきます。\nセンターでは、古文常識を直接問う問題はないと思いますが、古文常識があると理解が早くなるのは確実なので、身につけているに越したことはありません。が、文法が分からなければ読むことも出来ないので、先に文法を固めてください。\n\n私は古文常識の勉強はしていませんでした。マドンナも持っていましたが、ちらっと読んでだいたい知っている内容だったので全部は読んでいません。センター、二次の古文は、それまで問題集を解いてゆく中で理解してきた内容で十分だったように思います。「あさきゆめみし」は趣味で読んでいました。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"塩林檎","adviserDepartment":"京都大学農学部","adviceId":"d9DgyWYBTqPwDZPurkE_","numberOfFan":4,"clipsAvg":13.153846153846153,"adviceRateAvg":4.8,"profile":"京都大学農学部です。\n努力を重ねギリギリで大学に入ったので、勉強方法、メンタル面などアドバイスできると思います。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古漢を克服したい！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文についてまず話します。私が思う古典の勉強の順番は、\n古文常識→単語→文法→長文です。\n\n常識ついては、マドンナ古文をお勧めします。非常に読みやすくて、古文楽しそー！と思えると思います。それが狙いです。\n\nそのあとに、早慶志望でしたら400単語くらいの古文単語をやるのをお勧めします。\nやり方としては、単語だけで覚えるのではなく、その言葉の成り立ちや例文などで覚えるのをお勧めします。\n\n文法はそこまで指定した参考書はないですか、英語の参考書の要領でやるのをお勧めします。活用形なども含め、丸暗記するのをお勧めします。\n\nそして、夏休みの中盤から終わりに長文ができたらいいと思います！\n私は富井先生の東進ブックスと、マドンナ古文をお勧めします！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"0から分かりません"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です！\nそれぞれ分けてお話ししますね。\n\n\n①古文\n古文に関しては、古文単語を最初にやるのをお勧めします。古典は英語よりも今までに触れてきた単語数が圧倒的に少ないため、まずは単語を頭に入れることです。\n\n教材は、例えば「古文単語ゴロゴ」や「マドンナ古文単語」などがちょうどいいのではないかと。前者は語呂合わせで覚えていくというものです。その語呂がなかなか独特なので、気にいった方は本当にすぐ覚えていけると思います。\n一方で、どうも生理的に合わない…という方もいると思います。そんな方に対しては、後者をお勧めします。こちらは説明が詳しいですし見やすいレイアウトなので、使いやすいと思います。\n\nやり方としては、1日に進める量を決めて必ずそれに取り組むことです。苦手意識があるかもしれませんが、逃げていてはなかなか身につきません。\n私自身は、わからなかった単語に付箋を貼ってやり直していました。最初は一つ目の意味だけで構わないので、夏休みに入る前に覚えてしまいましょう！\n\nちなみにもしマドンナ古文単語の方を手に取ったら、その後に「マドンナ古文」という参考書もやるといいと思います。先程の単語帳と連動しているので初心者の方にも進めやすいですし、何より解説が丁寧です。もし気に入ったらいくつかシリーズがあるので、確認してみてください！\n\n\n②漢文\n漢文は、とにかく古文が少しでも理解できるようになった頃から始めるべきです。古文で学ぶ助動詞などの文法が分かってからの方が、スムーズに進むと思います。といっても漢文は覚えるべきことが決まっていて、そこまで時間を必要としないので、夏休み中か夏休み後からでも間に合います。\n\nこの時使う参考書でお勧めなのは、「漢文早覚え即答法」です。これはどのレベルの大学でも、最初にやるにふさわしい参考書だと思います。私も使ったのは主にこの参考書なので、書かれていることをしっかり覚えていけば、力はつくはずです！\n\n少しでもお役に立てたら嬉しいです。\n応援しています😊"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"読めない！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文の勉強の仕方は、\n\n古文常識→古文単語→文法→長文の順でやります。\n\n古文は日本の昔の話ですが、現在の常識とは違うことがあるので、それを例えばマドンナ古文常識とかが、オススメなのですか、参考書を何回か読んでイメージを持つのが第一段階です。\n\nそのあとの古文単語ですが、色々な意味があるのでイラストなどがある参考書でまずイメージで単語を覚えます。できなかったものにはチェックをつけ、二週目はチェックつけたところ、三週目はそれでもできなかったところという風にやって行きます。このとき、古文常識で読んだことをイメージしながら単語も覚えると覚えやすいです。\n\n古文文法も同様にやって行きます。長文の読み方がわからない場合は、古文解釈の参考書からやるのがいいと思います。\n長文の演習は過去問でもできるので、心配しなくても大丈夫です。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文上達の次"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n古文上達の後は質問者さんも挙げてくれているようにセンターの過去問を解いてみるといいと思います！\nセンター試験は基礎が身についているかがはっきりわかるのでここでしっかり7〜8割とれれば次にいっていいと思います！\n\n古文単語についてですが500個で全く問題ないと思うのであとは問題を解いてて出会った単語を適宜覚えていけばいいと思います！\n\nまた、古文では単語と文法と同じように大切なのが敬語です！\n敬語ではただよびの吉野先生のスーパー敬語法という動画があるのでこちらをやるといいと思います！！\n\nこの辺が完璧になってきたら早稲田の古文に入る前の仕上げとして河合塾の首都圏難関私大古文演習がいいと思います！これは結構難しくて文章も読み応えがあってこれをやりきればかなり力になると思います！\n\nこれが終わればあとは過去問をガンガン解いていくと力がついていくと思います！\n\n補足　古文では単語、文法、敬語が重要なのは言うまでもないですが古文常識が非常に大切です。参考書をまだやっていないなら今のうちに一冊やっておくことをおすすめします！（おすすめはマドンナ古文常識）\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）\n\nまた、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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