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1a:T13e2,英語の長文を速く読む方法について質問に回答しつつ、そのために必要な技能を説明していきます。

【１】英文の脳内音読について
まず、英文を読むときに目だけで文章を追っているのかという質問に関しては、実際にはそんなことはありません。音読とは少し異なるかもしれませんが、(人によっては無意識のうちに)文章を嚙み砕いてから読んでいます。

しかし、場合によってはそのような感覚(目だけで追っているような感覚)になることはあります。その場合とは、特別に構造が複雑ではない簡単な文章を読むときです。極端な例ですが、日本語でも禁煙や立ち入り禁止のポスターなどを読むときに脳内で音読しているような感覚はないと思います。夏油傑が階級換算で2級以下の呪霊なら無条件に取り込める的な感じです(この例えは無視してもいいです)。とにかく、脳内で音読しないで読めるというのは自分の能力にもよりますが、「簡単な文章」を読むときに限るということを覚えておいてください。早稲田の過去問を解くうえでほとんどその感覚は使えないと思います。もちろん、自分の能力次第で「簡単な文章」の基準を上げていくことはできますが、使えても共通テストの簡単な文章くらいまでだと思います。

それでは、英文の速読が得意な人が目で見て理解したのを脳でイメージしているような感覚が生まれるのでしょうか。それは、脳内で英文解釈の処理スピードが高速で行われるからです。音読するときの解釈のスピードよりも、読むときの解釈のスピードが上回るときに目で見たものを直接脳内で処理しているような感覚が生まれます。従って、この感覚を養い、英文の速読を可能にするには英文解釈の精度を上げていく必要があります。

【２】ペンの動かし方について
英文を読むときに速読を可能にするペンの動かし方について解説していきます。
【１】でも説明したように速読を可能にするのは英文解釈の処理スピードです。従って、解釈の処理速度を上げるためのペンの動かし方を習得するば、速読の精度は上がります。

どのようなペンの動かし方をすれば、解釈の処理速度が上がるでしょうか。私が実際にやっていたのはスラッシュリーディングと言われる類の動かし方です。その名の通り、英文を読むときに文法上の区切りに沿ってペンで／を引きながら読んでいく方法です。割と有名な方法なので、調べれば様々なやり方が出てくると思います。

ここではスラッシュを引く場所について、私のやり方を説明します。私は前置詞(on,at,toなど)や接続詞(because,when,howeverなど)、関係詞節(that節など)、be動詞などを文法上の区切りとしてスラッシュを引いていました。ただし、必ずしもこのルールに従うわけではなく、英文の構造理解に役立つ程度に引いていました。自分のやりやすい方法を色々試して、見つけてみてください。

例１：The first great lesson a young man should learn/ is that he knows nothing,/ and that he is of /but little value.

例２：Strange things are/ easier to understand than/ those we know too well.


【３】実践するために必要な技能
さて、それでは【１】【２】で解説した方法を最大限発揮するために必要な技能とそのための勉強方法を説明します。

何度か書いてきたように、速読のためには英文解釈の処理スピードを上げる必要があり、そのためには英文解釈の精度を上げることが大切です。英文解釈とはよく精読と呼ばれるもので、複雑な構造の英文について、その構造を正確に読み取り、適切な和訳を行う作業を言います。速読においては、とりわけこの構造の読み取りの速さが重要になってきます。andが何と何をつないでいるのか、that節の範囲はどこまでか、butやhoweverは何との対比であるかを瞬時に判断できるようになることが必要です。

この練習としては、英文解釈の参考書を使って練習するのがいいと思います。有名な参考書でいえば、英文解釈の技術100、ポレポレ、透視図などがあります。自分で持っているものがあればそれで練習してみてください。上記のような構造理解ができているかを確認しながら取り組んでみてください。

他にも、速読のコツを別の質問で回答しているので、興味があればそちらも見てみてください。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=d1sYPmMBp00JfyF5uNb8","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"長文の解き方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",4,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"5/8 4:53"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"ジャックくん","infoString":"高2 東京都 明治大学志望","adviceId":"d1sYPmMBp00JfyF5uNb8"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"長文を解くときは()やスラッシュを入れながら読んだ方がいいですか？英文解釈の参考書みたいに()でくくりながら読んでも実際の試験で時間はたりますか？"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_iVaFuHEYQUlNcBHi.jpg?alt=media&token=4e0422b2-17ab-4ab6-bc95-602d435df238","adviserName":"わすれらんねぇぇぇぇえええよ","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学商学部","adviceId":"d1sYPmMBp00JfyF5uNb8"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"こんにちは〜\n\nスラッシュリーディングは好みが分かれます。\n僕の浪人してたときの塾の講師は勧めていましたが、\n自分は必要性を感じなかったのでやりませんでした。\n一度自分で、教本で試してみてはいかがですか？\nしっくりきたらやるべきだし、こなかったらやらなくていいと思います。\n\n一方、解釈の参考書のように()をつけながら読んでいる時間は入試ではないです！\n長文の中の、文構造が難解な一文だけとかだったらまだマシですが、\nつけないで読めるのが理想です。\n入試はいかに設問を解けたか、で決まります。\n一文一文しっかり文構造をとって読めることはめちゃくちゃ大事なので、\n長文の復習の時には是非やってください！\nしかし、実際の試験では、一文一文正確に読めることと合わせて\n文章の流れや展開を把握できることが重要で、\nそれを根拠として設問を解いたりするのですが、\nいちいち()を入れて、文章を読む事だけに時間をかけてしまっていては、\n設問を解く時間がなくなります。\nややこしい選択肢があったり、設問を解くのには意外と時間がかかりますので、\n設問にかける時間を確保するためにも、()等は入れないで読めるようにしてください！\n解釈のような綺麗な読みは、文の流れを把握するための手段に過ぎないです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_iVaFuHEYQUlNcBHi.jpg?alt=media&token=4e0422b2-17ab-4ab6-bc95-602d435df238","adviserName":"わすれらんねぇぇぇぇえええよ","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学商学部","adviceId":"d1sYPmMBp00JfyF5uNb8","numberOfFan":29,"clipsAvg":10.27027027027027,"adviceRateAvg":4.615384615384615,"profile":"河合塾に通ってました。\n慶大-商Bです。\nTL上の質問に答えるつもりはないので何かある人は個人的にどうぞ！"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"やまだしゅうさん、こんにちは。\n早稲田政経の者です。\n 英文の速読法ということですが、僕個人としては速読はあまりオススメできません。（ただし、文章をななめ読みするような意味での速読ですよ。）しっかりと英文を理解しながら読む。かつ、そのスピードを上げると言ったことが本来の「速読」だと肝に銘じてください。\n \n また、スラッシュ法があまり馴染まないとことですが、それは多くの場合、文法の理解レベルが低いことが原因です。まず、最初に振り返るべき点は句と節がはっきりと理解できているかどうか、です。まとまりの構造がわからないために/が引けない可能性があります。やまだしゅうさんはどうでしょうか？\nまた、別のパターンもありえます。例えば「第五文型動詞の文法事項」を引き合いに出しますね。\n\nIt makes ○ △\n\nのような文章が来た時、文法理解が甘い人はmakeを第三文型の「〜をつくる」で解釈しますが、理解が深い人はパッと見たときに第五文型であることに気づき、○と△の間に/をひきます。そして、「主語が原因で○が△になる」という構造から文意を把握します。\n\n文法理解は読解の質を大きく左右することがご理解いただけましたか？\n\n文法的に文章を読むトレーニングをしていくうちに/の入れどころもわかるようになり、読解の質も向上するはずです。\n\nこの夏頑張ってくださいね。誰にでも飛躍できるチャンスです。この機会を逃さないでください。\n\nそれでは。\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語の長文の読み方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんばんは！\n難関大学の長文読解は読解力とスピード力がどちらも試されるため難易度はぐんと上がります。更に、京大の英語試験となると、かなり専門的な堅い内容が出たりもします。\nここでは、私が受験生の時に意識していたことや今でも英語論文を読む際に意識している点をもとにアドバイスさせていただきますね！\n\n1、キーとなる単語・熟語にマークをつける\nこちらは質問文で言及してくださったものです。キーとなる単語・熟語の例としては以下のようなものがあります。\n・接続語：but, however, on the other hand\n・順序を表す語：Firstly, Secondly, Finally, As a next step \n・まとめを表す語：As a results, In conclusion\nなどがあります。どんな言葉かの分類は私がいつも独自に考えているものなので文法書ではもっと正確な分け方があるのかもしれませんが、次に述べることが前で述べていることとはことなることであることを表すものに印をつけるようにしていました。\nこれには読みながら理解しやすくする目的もありますし、のちに問題を解く際に読み返しやすいように、という目的もあります。\n\n2、各段落のまとめを1文でまとめて書いておく\nあまりにも段落が多い場合は単語のみで書くようにしていました。こちらは主に後で読み返しやすく、問題を解きやすいという利点があります。ただ、余分なことを書くため、スムーズにできるようになるには時間がかかるかもしれません。問題のための下線部がある段落のみ、重要そうな段落にのみ書いてみるなどでもいいと思います。\n\n長文がスピードよく読めるようになるにはトレーニングが不可欠です。上に述べた点を参考に、自分にぴったりの読解法を見つけてください。頑張ってくださいね！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"音読について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは、初めまして！\n\n\n結論から言うと、どちらでもいいと思います、\n\nなぜこんなにアバウトなのかと言うと、スラッシュを引くのも、SVOCを振るのも目的ではなく、”手段”でしかないからです。\n\n\n音読の方法についてですが、音読の目的としては、「英文を前から読んでいって内容をすばらく正確に理解できるようになること」だと思います。\n\nスラッシュが引かれた文がよいと言われるのは、スラッシュを引くことで英文がある程度の語のカタマリに分解され、カタマリごとに理解していくことで返り読みをしないようにするというのと、内容を単語レベルよりおおきな範囲で捉えて早く読めるように練習できるからです。\n\nまた、SVOCMを振る作業は、一文一文の英文の理解を深めるためです。\n\n英語長文は一文の英文の集まりですから、一文を正確に理解できることが長文を理解することにつながります。\n\nその一文を正確に理解するための手段というのが構造分解すなわちSVOCMを振るということです\n\nそのため、振らなくてもSVOCMがわかるなら書き込まなくてもいいですし、スラッシュがなくてもカタマリを捉えられるということなら引く必要はありません。\n\n実際、最終的な到達点としては、初見でスラッシュもSVOCMも振られていない英文を時間内に解かなければいけないのですから、何もない文で前から早く正確に読めるようになっていればそれまでの練習はなんでもいいわけです。\n\nただ、段階的にステップアップしていった方がやりやすいと思うので、まずはSVOCMやスラッシュが入った文で練習するといいよということです！\n\n目的と手段を明確に意識して音読していきましょう！！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語の長文の解き方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\n\n参考までに、僕の解き方を書いておこうと思います。\n\n①何も見ずに、本番さながらの時間で解く\nこれを必ずやりましょう。ゆっくり訳し続けてもあまり意味はないです。わからない単語は後で調べるのでマーカーで引いておきましょう。１問30分くらいが目安？\n\n②解答を見ながら、頭の中で文構造を正確に理解する\nスラッシュを引きつつ、解説を参照して主語や修飾を丁寧に理解しましょう。長文でどうしてこういう形になるのかわからない部分がなければ、それで良いです。どうしてもわからなければ、見返せるようにして先生に聞きましょう。\n\n③わからない単語を調べる\nこの際、辞書ではなく単語帳を参照するのがおすすめです。あまり試験に出てこない単語は単語帳に載っていません。そういう単語は忘れていいです。\n逆に、「知らなかったけど載っていた単語」は、その都度単語帳にチェックを入れます。「よく出るのによく間違える単語」がわかるので、テスト直前に見返すと点数のコスパがとても良いです。\n僕は過去問を解いている時、こういう単語がひとつの長文に20〜30ありました。わからない単語があるのは当然なので、二度間違えないこと、初見でも頑張って訳すこと(①に繋がります)を意識するといいと思います。\n\nあくまで僕はですが、長文は一度解いて終わりです。\nしかし、音読は複数回しました。解説を読んで理解したはずの文構造を、読んだ瞬間に頭の中で取れるかを確認するためです。二度解くより速いですし、それでいて単語/構造のあらゆる復習になります。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文熟考について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n個人的には解釈の間には長文の参考書を挟んだ方がいいと思います！\n\nその理由はやはり解釈の力を活用するのは長文であるので、その長文を読んでいく中で解釈の参考書で出てきたところがあったりするからです！\n\nそうすると知識が結びつきやすくなって意味があるとおもいます！あくまでも英文解釈は英文解釈のためのものでなく、長文のためにあるってことを忘れないでやった方がいいと思います！\n\n解釈の参考書のやり方は以下のやり方がおすすめです！参考にしてみてください！！\n\n①  全文読んでSVOCをとっていく。（和訳はどちらでもOKです。最悪読むだけでも大丈夫ですがとにかく構文を掴んで意味を掴むことに意識を集中させることが大切です！）\n\n② 解説を見て構文をとりなおして訳をなおす。\n\n③ しっかり一文ずつ構文がわかり訳ができるようになったら最初から音読する。\n\n④ つっかえずに音読できるようになったら次に進む。\n\n続いて長文の復習の仕方は以下のやり方がおすすめです！参考にしてみてください！！\n\n① 長文問題を解く\n\n② 丸つけをして解説をみて、なにがわからなかったのかどうすれば解けたのかをしっかり考える。\n\n③ 一文ずつ丁寧に本文を読んでわからなかった単語や熟語は調べてノートに書き出す。\n\n④ 最初から最後まで本文がわかるか音読して確かめる。（声に出さなくても口は動かす）\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文が読めません"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"今の教材が少し難しいと感じるのであればセンター英語で確実に長文満点取れるように頑張ってください。センター英語で長文の読み方はある程度鍛えられるはずです。\n長文をどのようによんでいたか、という質問ですが、自分は新聞を読むようによんでいました。日本語の文章を読むとき、考え込まなくてもすんなりと意味はわかるはずです。少しわからない表現があってもニュアンスで読めると思います。それを英語でやるだけです。日本語を英語で考えようとすると時間がかかるように、英語を日本語で考えると時間がかかるのは当たり前です。なので英語を英語で読む訓練をしてください。ある程度単語や文法の力があるのであればできるはずです！長文にappleと出て来てもリンゴとは考えずアップルで考えると思います。そんな感じで英語を英語で捉える力を身につけていけばどんな長文もスラスラ読めるようになっていきますよ！頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 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