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1c:T1369,こんにちは！

私が思う共通テスト国語の第１問を解くときに大切なことを、２つのポイントに分けてお伝えしますね！


まずは一つ目
「選択肢に目を通すのは、解答の方向性が決まってから」

そもそも、共通テストはお偉いさん方が多くの時間と労力をかけて作り上げるテストです。問題作成者たちは当然のことながら真正面から受験生の読解力を試してきます。だからこそ、選択肢の一つひとつはよく練られていて、文章の理解が曖昧だと、どうしても選択肢に惑わされてしまいます。

そこで、選択肢に惑わされないために、私が実践していたのが、
「解答の方向性が決まってから選択肢に目を通す」という方法です。

先に選択肢を見てしまうと、４つものダミー選択肢に影響されてしまい、本文の理解が崩れてしまう可能性があります。（「５つの中から不適切なものを１つ選べ」、という問題ならこんな心配ないかもしれませんが...）

また、私の場合、二次試験にも国語・評論文が出題される大学を志望していたので、共通テスト対策でありながらも実際に記述で答案を作ってみるという学習方法を取り入れていました。そして、自分が記述した答案と選択肢を照らし合わせながら、マークすべき選択肢を選んでいました。こうすることで、厄介な選択肢に惑わされにくいだけでなく、自身の解答により一層自信が持てるようになると思います！（実際、私はこの手法で国語の得点が上がり、安定するようになりました！）

もし日頃の学習でマーク式の問題に取り組む機会があれば、ぜひ試してみてください！全問題に記述答案を作成するのは結構ハードなので、数問だけピックアップして取り組むといいかもしれません。また、試験本番や模試となると、実際に手を動かして記述答案を作るのは、時間的にやや非現実的かもしれないので、脳内で解答の骨子を作り上げるだけで十分に効果はあるはずです！

結論として、
「選択肢から正解を見つけようとしない」＝「解答は自分で作る」


そして二つ目
「なぜ間違えたのかの分析を怠らない」

これは入試本番ではなく、普段の学習におけるアドバイスです。他の教科においても言えることですが、どうしてもミスとは同じようなものを繰り返してしまいがちです。そのため、自分が陥りがちな過ちを予めわかっておけば、それらを意識しながら問題を解いたり、対策を練ったりすることで、誤答率は格段と下がることが期待できます！

ここでは、私が思いつく限りの分析ポイントの例を、その重要度が高い順に挙げておきますね。

1. 文章の全体要旨が掴めていたか
　これができていないと、ほとんどの問題が不正解なはずです。原因はそのテーマに対する知識不足であったり、苦手意識だったりが考えられます。この場合、例えば演習量を増やすなど抜本的な改善がおすすめです。
2. 言い換え表現が掴めていたか（抽象と具体の関係が掴めていたか）
　「どういうことか」を問う問題は、大抵がこの読解力を試しています。（この回答文でも言い換えや抽象化、具体化をしている部分があるので、ぜひちょっと読み返してみてほしい！）
3. 対比構造が掴めていたか
　二項対立の文章ってかなり多いです。現代社会の文脈では「グローバリズムvsナショナリズム」、芸術の文脈では「ロマン主義vs古典主義」、などなど。本文中の対立構造が掴めていれば長い文章も読みやすくなります。また、根底にはこれが掴めているかを問うている設問も割と多く出題されている印象です。
4. 原因と結果の関係が掴めていたか
　「なぜか」を問う問題は、この読解力を試しているのは言わずもがなですね。とはいえ、因果関係って、明確に示す表現が使われていないと気付きにくかったりします。

以上の点に注意して、自分の読解のクセを見つけて、意識して修正していくことで、正答率は上がっていくのではないでしょうか。


私からの回答はこれでおしまいです。最後まで読んでくださりありがとうございます。少しでも、くみさんをはじめ、ここまで読んでくださった方の学習のお役に立てたら嬉しいです！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=d1LQLIMBTqPwDZPuZtzI","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"問題文について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",10,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"9/11 22:49"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_zU8aEHoBTqPwDZPuWWMR.jpg?alt=media&token=3e89bf5e-00dc-4dd2-9523-60aaf1173e0d","clientUserName":"しゅん","infoString":"高3 北海道 神戸大学工学部(61)志望","adviceId":"d1LQLIMBTqPwDZPuZtzI"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"英語の共通テストの過去問を解く時、長文の内容はある程度理解出来るのに問題文の選択肢で迷ってしまいます\nどうしたらいいでしょうか？"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_MypGZidBuqhnAv2GogSpoGJD7cp1.jpg?alt=media&token=aa860ef1-3665-4067-bbe8-e43af4b6fe7f","adviserName":"roppongi","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学商学部","adviceId":"d1LQLIMBTqPwDZPuZtzI"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"こんにちは！😊\n\n共通テストは微妙ですが、まず前提として、選択肢というのは基本的に迷わせるために作られています。4つの選択肢があったらそのうち2つは検討違いの選択肢で、残りの2つで迷わせてくることが多いです。\n\n引っかかってしまう原因は何個も考えられますが、例えば\n①しっかりと選択肢を読んでいない\n②問題で聞かれていることにズレている　\n③本文をある程度は理解しているため、そこから勝手に内容を膨らませ、間違った方向に理解している　　\n④日本語に訳さずに、英語のまま読むことを心がけている人は、たまに選択肢の文を間違って理解して読んでしまうことがある。そのため引っかけに気づかない。\n\nなどが考えられます。上にあげたもの以外にも間違う原因は複数あり、それは人によって異なると思います。間違うたびに、分析ノートに記録していきましょう。(分析ノートに関しては、他の質問者さんの質問で答えましたので省略します。)\n\nここからは、それを解決するために、問題を解いているときにできることを書いていきます。\n\nまず、丁寧に問題文を読んでください。そして、全く本文と異なる2つの選択肢は早々に消しましょう。\n\n次に、残りの2つの選択肢は、どちらも間違っている可能性があると疑ってかかり、丁寧に2つの選択肢を読みます。\n迷う選択肢があるなら、選択肢の内容を勘違いしていないか日本語に訳してみましょう。\n\nそして、次は、問題文の解答の根拠となる該当箇所も日本語に訳してみて、吟味していきましょう。ここまで来てわからないのであれば、問題作成者の引っかけ方のパターンをあまり知らない可能性があります。たくさん問題を解いて分析ノートを作っていって、慣れていく必要があると思います。\n\n最初は、時間がかかってもいいのでやってみると良いです。なんとなくどっちかに選ぶという選択をとるより遥かに良いと思います。なんとなく選ぶ癖が付くと厄介なので。直前期にどうしても時間が足りないというようになってしまったら、正解の確率が高そうな選択肢を選ぶと良いです。\n\n参考になれば幸いです！\n頑張って下さい！✊"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_MypGZidBuqhnAv2GogSpoGJD7cp1.jpg?alt=media&token=aa860ef1-3665-4067-bbe8-e43af4b6fe7f","adviserName":"roppongi","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学商学部","adviceId":"d1LQLIMBTqPwDZPuZtzI","numberOfFan":18,"clipsAvg":9.205607476635514,"adviceRateAvg":4.775609756097561,"profile":"慶應義塾大学商学部所属です！\nクリップ📎してくれると嬉しいです😊\n\n河合塾全統記述模試　偏差値推移\n英語63→61→71→78→74.8→69.8\n世界史55→55→63→72→69→75"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":["コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","$L18",null,{"adviceId":"d1LQLIMBTqPwDZPuZtzI"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_zU8aEHoBTqPwDZPuWWMR.jpg?alt=media&token=3e89bf5e-00dc-4dd2-9523-60aaf1173e0d","contributorName":"しゅん","adviceId":"d1LQLIMBTqPwDZPuZtzI"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"しゅん","adviceId":"d1LQLIMBTqPwDZPuZtzI"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"9/11 23:06"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"丁寧なアドバイスありがとございます!!"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/4tOxkwStyYgToblVPAPt","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語長文の解き方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"かびごんさん、はじめまして！\n\n\n長文をしっかり読めているのに選択問題ができないっていうのはすごく共感できます！\n\n日本語訳もほぼ同じということはしっかりと内容も正しく理解できてると思うので、もしかしたら選択問題のやり方が間違っているのかもしれません。\n\n\n4択があって、一つが正解の文で、三つが間違っている文だとします。\nこの時に最初から正解の文を選ぼうとするとけっこう間違えやすいです。\n\nまずは確実に間違っている選択肢を消していきます。\nこの時に誤っている選択肢を三つしっかりと見つけられれば良いのですが、たまに二つしか誤った文を見つけられない時があります。\n\nそして残り二つの文がどちらも正解といえば正解みたいな時が1番厄介で、どちらもまだ判断できていないとして、ここからは正解っぽい文と正解の文として名付けます。\n\nなかなか判断がつけられず間違えやすいですし、最初から正解の文だけを見つけようとするとこの正解っぽい文に引っかかって間違えてしまいます。\n\n私もこの正解っぽい文と正解の文で悩んで間違えてしまう時がかなりありました。\n\n私が判断の基準にしていたのは、長文の文章の方で明言されているかどうかです。\n正解っぽい文の方は、文章の内容からなんとなく推測できる内容である場合が多いです。読みながら推測できるから勝手にそうだと認識してしまっていることがあります。\n逆に正解の文はほぼほぼ文章の中でしっかりと明言されています。\n\nなので文章のどこで明言されているのかをはっきりと調べていくと正解の文が絞り込みやすいかなと思います。\n\nただ、正直なところ問題を解く時にどっちか判断できず、結局解説を見ても判断できないということもたまにあります笑\n\nこのような選択問題はもう間違えても仕方ないと諦めるのも大事です！なので他の問題の正解率を高めるようにしましょう。\n\n\n長くなってしまいましたが、参考になれば幸いです。\n応援してます！頑張ってください！\n\n\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"選択肢 2個まで絞って間違える"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"現代文の選択肢の選び方\n\n①文章を一通り読んで、話の流れを頭に入れる\n\n②問題文を読み、加線部とそれに関係するところをもう一度読む。\n\n③その問題に対する解答を自分で頭の中でつくる\n(大体で良い。どういう要素が必要かを考えておく)\n\n④選択肢から明らかに違うものは消す。(①の話の流れに沿わないものや③で考えた必要な要素がないものなど)\n良いと思うものには○を、間違いではないと思うが微妙と思うものには△をつける。\nこの時、どういうところが○でどういうところが△なのか明記しておくこと。\n\n⑤○と△をつけたものに関して、④でチェックをつけたところを本文と照らし合わせてもう一度精査。\n大事なのは「本文中から」解答の根拠を見つけること。\nより根拠が明確、あるいは本文中と論理的に明確なつながりがあるものを選ぶ。\n\n\n※これをやっても答えが定まらない時は、④で消したものももう一度見直してみること。\n\n以上です。\n質問者さんはおそらくほぼ出来ていると思うので、特に④、⑤を気をつけるといいと思います。\n全体的に合ってるものというのは、とても曖昧なものなので、きっちり根拠を見つけましょう。\n\n参考になれば幸いです。\n頑張ってください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"なかなか正解の選択肢が選べない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"2択まで絞れていて最後間違うというパターンに多いのは、言ってることは正しい2択を選んでるけど、片方には解答に必要な要素が足りない、でもどっちも間違いの記述はないから、それっぽいな、と思って間違っちゃう、というパターンです。\nそういうときは、自分の中で記述問題だったらどんな解答を書くべきかな、ということを考えて、ある程度自分でこんなことが書いてあるやつを選ぼうと決めてから選択肢を見るようにするのがいいと思います。\n質問者さんがおっしゃる通り、単純に言葉の意味がわからないのであれば現代文の単語帳を一冊やってみるのもいいと思いますが、今の時期はそういう次元じゃないし、そもそもそのレベルの人は2択に絞るのも難しいはずなので違うような気がします。\n現代文に正解があるのは、誰がどう見てもそうだ、と確信できる根拠が文中にあるからです。解答を出す時、文中にこう書いてあるからこの答えになるんだ、こっちにこういう描写があるから、この選択肢では不十分なんだ、ズレるんだ、という根拠を自分の中で持つようにして解いていきましょう。それで、解説と合わないところがあればそれは感覚のズレなので矯正していく。そのプロセスを積み重ねることで、今からでも成績は変わると思います。\nファイトです！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文で、回答を二択にまで絞れるが間違えてしまう場合の改善策"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"それ、めっちゃわかります。せっかく二つまで絞れたのに、何故か違う方を選んでしまうんですよね…\nただ、共通テストレベルなら、選択肢はしっかり切れます。MARCHレベルもしっかり読んでいけば、解けることが多いです。\nまず、選択肢の文をいくつかに区切ってください。それを一つずつ検証していきます。２つにまで絞れるならそこだけ確認していけばいいので、そこまで時間はかかりません。\n文を見比べているとだんだんわからなくなって、なんとなくで選んでしまいがちです。しかし、少しずつ見ていくと、これ違うんじゃない？という項目が見えてきます。おっしゃる通り、これは回数を重ねるうちにわかってくると思うので、だんだん慣れてくるはずです。\nあとは、間違った問題を必ず見直すことです。毎回間違えるわけではないと思うので、なんで今回は合ってたのに、こっちでは間違ってしまうのか、など細かく復習してください。すると、自分がどういう問題の時に間違える傾向があるのか、言葉が言い換えられていたらわからなくなってしまうのか、それとも曖昧表現に騙されてしまうのか、掴めてくると思います。解説が多めの参考書で練習を積むのがいいかもしれませんね！\n\n最後に知識系ですが、漢字に関してはもし今まで使っていた参考書があるなら、それを続けてください。手をつけたことがないなら、この時期から始めるのはお勧めしません。漢字は永遠に終わらない上に、意外と参考書に載っている難しいものよりも、普通にわかるものか、知ってるはずなのに今出てこない…というものが出て来ます。わかるものはわかるし、わからないものはわからない、という感じです。コスパが悪いので、問題を解いていてわからない漢字があればチェックしておく程度で大丈夫です。\n対して語彙はやっておいて損はないと思います。偏差値が上がるほど文章が抽象的になるので、語彙が豊富な方が掴みやすいです。私は桐原書店のものを使っていましたが、どれでもそこまで変わりません。「キーワード読解」が結構有名だと思います！\n\n少しでもお役に立てたら嬉しいです。応援しています！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"内容一致問題のコツ"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"\nこんにちは。回答させて頂きます。\n\n内容一致問題の解き方は大きく分けて２つあります。\n分け方は「選択肢が日本語か英語か」です。\n\nまず選択肢が日本語の場合です。\nこの時は先に選択肢を全て読んで把握してから本文を読むのが正解です。\nなぜなら、選択肢を一瞬で読んで内容を把握することができ、それらを頭で簡単に整理することができるからです。\nそのため長文を読んでいる内に正解不正解が大体分かり、その都度選択肢に丸をつけていけば問題なく解くことができます。\nまた選択肢の中で「間違ってるものを選ぶ」場合は更にチャンスです。\n逆に言ってしまえばほとんどの選択肢の内容が合っているので、選択肢に目を通すだけで文章の大体の内容が理解できてしまいます。\n間違っている選択肢も、当然出題者側はこちらに選ばそうとして出題するため文章の大体の内容とは一致している場合がほとんどのため内容把握の障害にはそこまでならないです。\n\n\n次は英語の場合です。\nこの場合は更に「選択肢が内容に沿った順番で来ているかどうか」で解き方が分かれます。\n\nまず内容に沿った場合の解き方です。\nこれは根拠の読み逃しを防ぐために以下のステップで解いて下さい。\n1.最初の選択肢を読む(和訳して頭に入れる)\n2.本文を読み、最初の選択肢が解答できるところまで読めたら問題に行き解答する。\n3.そのまま次の選択肢を読む(以下ループ)\nこれで読み逃しを防ぐことができます。\n\n厄介なのは選択肢が英語でバラバラの場合です。\nこの場合は選択肢を大体でいいので全て読み、本文を読んでいてこんな選択肢あったな、と思ったらその選択肢をよく読み直してそこでその都度解くという方針でいきましょう。\n\n\n\n内容一致は読解の実力が強く問われますが、同時に根拠の読み逃しを防いだり、選択肢を逆に利用して内容を一瞬で把握したりと様々なテクニックも使える問題です。\n自分の志望校がどのタイプか確認し、これらのテクニックを使って周りと差をつけましょう！\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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