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1c:Tda6,はじめまして。
単語についてです。これはセンターも京大の二次もそうなんですが、単語帳の内容丸暗記はあまり通用しなくなってきています。センターだとよく単語帳の赤字になっている意味で間違いの選択肢を作り、単語帳にあまり載っていない表現で正解の選択肢を作る年があります。なので単語帳の丸暗記だと騙させてしまう。二次はもっとシンプルで、一体一の表現で覚えていると綺麗な日本語を紡げなくて苦労します。どうすればいいかと言うと、言葉のコアになる部分(本質)をイメージとして理解することが大切です。古文単語の語幹とイメージは互換性があるので意外と効率よく覚えられます。そのようなこともあり、マドンナは分からないですが、ゴロゴは私はあまりおすすめしません。初学者の取っ掛りとしてはいいと思いますが、少なくとも京大を目指す人が使う単語帳としてはあまりにも不十分過ぎると思います。そこで私が使った単語帳を紹介します。｢解法古文単語350｣。私が通っていた予備校の講師が出している単語帳で、本質的なイメージはもちろん、その単語が用いられる構文、設問＆解答パターンが網羅されており、付録で古文常識が記載されています。とても盛り沢山な単語帳です。これめちゃくちゃおすすめです。
文法について。言うことは一つ、助動詞と敬語を押さえろ、です。古文は文脈が命です。よく問題集で｢文脈判断により答えはこれ｣みたいな質の悪い解説を見かけますが、正直古文は文脈が分かればほとんど解けます。具体的には和訳と状況の因果関係です。問題なのはどうやって文脈を判断するか。その手がかりになるのが助動詞と敬語です。助動詞によって、その述語部分の状況が分かります。敬語によって、その主体が分かります。この作業繰り返して、和訳・状況の因果関係を把握し、文脈を押さえていきます。おすすめの参考書等は特にないですが、一覧表と識別方法が載っているのにしてください(むしろ載っていない方が少ないかも)。
読解について。センターだったら単語と文法が出来ていれば特に対策はいらないと思います。二次にはその2つに加えて構文や古文常識が必要になることが出てきます。この単語が出た時はこの要素とこの要素が必要になってくる(ないと状況がわかりにくくて減点対象になりうる)、この行動にはこのような背景があるなどなど。対策としては、上述した｢解法古文単語350｣で充分網羅できます(だからこそ私がこんなにも推している笑)！
色々書きましたが、高2の段階でそこまで高い意識で古文を対策しようとしているだけで十分な対策は出来ると思います。単語→文法→読解の順で時間がかかるので、あまり古文に重しを起きたくないor思いの外負担になるようだったら、この順番で手をつけ始めるとよいと思います。読解は1ヶ月くらいあれば対応できます。頑張ってください！1d:Tba9,こんにちは！

まず古文は単語と文法から始めるのが大切だと思います！
古文が本当に嫌いで苦手だという人におすすめの古文単語帳は古文単語ゴロゴです！（古文単語ゴロゴプレミアムがおすすめです。）これはその名の通りゴロで覚えれられるので古文の苦手意識をかなりなくてしてくれます！単語数もかなり多くのっていて早稲田、上智の古文まで十分一冊で対応できます！！

もしゴロが嫌であれば読んでみて覚える古文単語315がいいと思います！語源からしっかり説明してあって正統派の古文単語帳って感じです！

どちらも利点と欠点があるのでそれを見極めて使ってみてください！！

次に文法ですが本当の基礎からであれば今YouTubeで元東進講師の吉野先生がただよびというチャンネルで授業をしているのでこれがおすすめです！吉野先生の声は呪文のように頭に入ってくるのでかなりいいと思います！！
その次の問題集ではステップアップノートを使っていくもしくは時間がなければ古文上達基礎編で読解をやりつつ、文法の項目も丁寧にやっていくといいと思います！

また、敬語もただよびの吉野先生のスーパー敬語法という動画があるのでこちらもやると古文の基礎がある程度完成してくると思います！

ここまで終わればあとは問題を解いていくことにフォーカスすることが大切だと思います！おすすめは古文上達の基礎編です！！

古文上達の後はセンターの過去問を解いてみるといいと思います！センター試験は基礎が身についているかがはっきりわかるのでここでしっかり7〜8割とれれば次にいっていいと思います！

それが取れたら河合塾の首都圏難関私大古文演習がいいと思います！これは結構難しくて文章も読み応えがあってこれをやりきればかなり力になると思います！

補足　古文では単語、文法、敬語が重要なのは言うまでもないですが古文常識が非常に大切です。参考書をまだやっていないなら今のうちに一冊やっておくことをおすすめします。（おすすめはマドンナ古文常識）

参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）

また、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！25分間で現役の大学生と話すことができ、勉強について相談できるというサービスです！こちらを利用したい方はメッセージお待ちしています！！
勉強頑張ってください！！
1e:T130f,その気持ちめっちゃ分かります😭‼︎

古文は読解に入ってすぐの段階では、知識としては頭に入っていても文章を読むうえで使える知識に変換されていないと読めないという事態が発生することが多いと思います。

個人的にこの問題を解消する方法としては、3つあるかなと思います。

①古文解釈→音読の流れで一文を正確に読めるようにする。

3つのなかで一番解決に近づくのはこの勉強を試してみることだと思います。古文は昔の日本語で今の日本語とは別物だからこそ、外国語（英語）と同じように、単語→文法→解釈→音読・読解問題の流れに載せて勉強すると良いかもしれません。
古文でいう解釈は主語の補充と品詞分解にあたります。主語の補充と品詞分解の勉強を経て読解に進むと、暗記した単語や文法を読解につかえる知識に変換できるので、読解にも入っていきやすくなると思います。

古文解釈の参考書のおすすめとしては、
・コブタン 56の例文で効率的に身につく古文単語329
・みんなのゴロゴ 古文読解
の2冊です。特にコブタンは例文56本ですので、今からはじめても1か月もあれば十分に終わる分量で完璧にもしやすい分量だと思うので、こちらぜひ試してみていただきたいです。

②背景知識やよくあるパターンをあらかじめ勉強しておく。

読解でよくある話のパターンを押さえておくのも手だと思います。落窪物語のようなシンデレラストーリーのパターンもあれば、説話集のように仏さまのご利益からのSF展開になるもの、文章の最後オチが来てこの人こんなに面白い人orすごい人のパターンなど、古文にもよくあるテンプレみたいなものがあるので、それらを頭に入れたうえで読むと読みやすくなるのではないかと思います。

参考書としては
・マドンナ古文常識217
・みんなのゴロゴ 古文出典
・高校古文じっくりこういう話
あたりがおすすめです。

特にゴロゴ古文出典は出る順、じっくりこういう話はマンガで、それぞれ名作のあらすじを把握できるので、いずれか合っている方をやっておくと読みやすくなると思います😊‼︎

③そもそもの単語や文法の覚え方を工夫する。

単語や文法の知識があやふやで読んだときにスパッと意味が頭に浮かぶくらいまでの感じになっていないというのも読めない原因になると思います。

特に古文の場合は重要でよく出る単語ほど意味が複数あるケースが多いです。例えば『あやし』を『貧しい』の意味しか押さえていなかったりした場合、文章の内容を誤解してしまう可能性がありますし、助動詞の意味を間違えたりすると、一気によく分からなくなってしまうことがあると思います。

こうした事態を避けるのにおすすめしたいのが、
・古文単語→漢字でなるべく覚えるようにする
・古文文法→理解で丸暗記を減らす
という方法です。

古文単語を漢字で覚える、というところについても、

あやしを例にすると、

★怪し・奇し
不思議だ→奇怪
珍しい、おかしい→奇策（珍しい作戦）、奇抜（おかしい）

★賎し→貧しい

という感じで柔軟に捉えられるようになるので、文脈判断がしやすくなると思います。

古文文法については例えば助動詞を挙げてみると、
下記は覚え歌になりますが、

https://youtu.be/Ly3kCYO20Gw?si=6R2eOmIn_0iUVRzV

『むはすいかかえて、じはその打消』
『べしはすいかとめて、まじはその打消』

という歌詞が出てきます。

これは
・むとじ、べしとまじはそれぞれ反対の意味の単語で、むの意味を逆にしたのがじ、べしの意味を逆にしたのがまじ。
というのを押さえておけば、複数ある意味をスマートに押さえられる、ということを伝えるための歌詞になっているのではないかと思います🤗

このような感じで、なるべく理解をして覚えることで、勉強の負担も減らせて読解でも使える古文の知識が増えてくるのではないかと思いますよ👍

以上の3点を踏まえながら、勉強方法改善していっていただければと思います。
古文を克服して早稲田合格に近づいていただけたら幸いです🙇
応援しています📣‼️2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=cVI2An8BTqPwDZPunjop","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古文の勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",12,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"2/16 20:06"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_9074A4C70B8941629547724DA5E0854F.jpg?alt=media&token=6fbb168c-3336-4d31-8414-ffe834d3facb","adviserName":"Mx","adviserDepartment":"東京大学文科三類","adviceId":"cVI2An8BTqPwDZPunjop"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"東京大学に所属している者です。\n\n各単語や文法の説明についている例文を有効活用するのをオススメします。当たり前ですが、単語や文法の意味を覚えただけでは使えません。実際どうやって使われているのかを知るのが非常に重要になってきます。それを知るのに最適なのが例文です。オススメする理由は3つあります。\n\n1つ目は「実際に使われている文を探す手間がない」ということです。その日に学んだ単語や文法が使われている文章を実際に探すのには非常に労力がかかります。その点、例文はその単語や文法のすぐ近くにある場合がほとんどなので、「探す」という作業を0にすることができます。\n\n2つ目は「文章が簡潔で現代語訳がある」ということです。実際に使われている文章が複雑だったり難解だったりした場合、その単語や文法以外で躓いてしまい本末転倒になりかねません。その点、例文といて取り上げられる文章はほとんどが簡単なものであり、さらにほぼ全てに現代語訳がついているので、より理解しやすい形で学習することが出来ます。\n\n3つ目は「ついでに他の単語や文法も学習できる」ということです。例文は文章なので、当然その単語や文法以外の要素も絡んできます。そのため、例文を学習しようとすることは、総合的な古文の学習に自然に繋がっているのです。\n\n以上の3点の理由から、各単語や文法の説明についている例文を有効活用するのをオススメします。\n\n少しでも参考になれば幸いです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_9074A4C70B8941629547724DA5E0854F.jpg?alt=media&token=6fbb168c-3336-4d31-8414-ffe834d3facb","adviserName":"Mx","adviserDepartment":"東京大学文科三類","adviceId":"cVI2An8BTqPwDZPunjop","numberOfFan":203,"clipsAvg":11.563981042654028,"adviceRateAvg":4.622406639004149,"profile":"東京大学の4年生です(文科三類→文学部)。\n\n自分は高3の夏の駿台東大模試で総合偏差値42のE判定でした。しかしそこから3ヶ月後の秋の駿台東大模試で総合偏差値を18上げてA判定を獲得、その後現役で東京大学文科三類に合格することができました✨\n\n【正しい努力】をすれば必ずいい結果に繋がります‼️\n皆さんの努力を【正しい努力】に導くことを心がけて回答やメッセージを送らせてもらっています。少しでも皆さんの勉強の参考になれば幸いです。\n\nよろしくお願いします🙇‍♂️\n\n【追記】\n社会の選択は日本史と世界史、理科の選択は物理基礎と化学基礎でした。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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22:32"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"分かりやすく教えていただきありがとうございます。\n\n単語と文法を例文と結びつけて覚えられるようにします。\n\n"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_9074A4C70B8941629547724DA5E0854F.jpg?alt=media&token=6fbb168c-3336-4d31-8414-ffe834d3facb","contributorName":"Mx","adviceId":"cVI2An8BTqPwDZPunjop"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"Mx","adviceId":"cVI2An8BTqPwDZPunjop"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"2/18 22:51"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"コメントありがとうございます🙇‍♂️\n是非頑張ってください💪"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/30z-HnYBTqPwDZPu0TYn","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"勉強方法が分かりません。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お疲れ様です。早稲田大学社会科学部一年の者です。\n\n古文は古文単語、古文常識、文法この３つが三位一体となって機能することで学力があがっていきます。\n\n古文単語覚えた後に何をしたらいいか、分からないということですが、本当に古文単語を見た瞬間、現代語訳できますか？古文というのは大きな大きな得点源であり、入試においても点数を落とせない分野です。そしてなおかつ時間をかけてはいけない分野なのです。\n\nつまり、古文を読んでる途中にこの単語の訳なんだっけ？と考えてる暇はないということです。ですから、瞬間的に単語は現代語訳できるよう入試まで日々チェックを欠かしてはなりません。\n\n何はともあれ古文単語だけでは、古文は読めませんので文法も重要です。当然、文法は活用含めて参考書を完璧にしてください。文法が曖昧だと適切に現代語訳できず、思わぬ読み間違えをする可能性があります。\n\n最後に古文常識。マドンナ古文常識？みたいな名前の参考書があると思います。これでなくとも古文常識の参考書は何度も通読することは重要です。古文常識を知っていると難しい文章でもなんとなくイメージでき設問を解けるきっかけとなります。\n\n漢文はまずは句法を覚えることです。学校で漢文を習っているのなら必ず句法の参考書を買っているはずです。\nそこには覚えるべき句法と語句が例文とともに説明されています。\n\n句法の覚え方ですが、これは例文とその訳を覚えることです。例文を、覚えることで句法も同時に覚えられます。参考書に載ってる句法、例文とその訳は絶対に全て暗記してください。全てです。無理だと思われるかもしれませんが、合格者は必ず句法全て覚えていますし、覚えて初めてスタートラインに立てます。\n\nどうやって覚えるか。これは音で耳に焼き付けるしかありません。とにかく例文を音読です。例文も意外と教訓めいたものが多く読んでいて楽しいですし、実際の古文の文章から引用されていることが多いので役に立ちます。\n\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文単語　例文見るべき？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんばんは🌙\n\n私も受験生の時に古文単語315に近いものを使っていました。始めは例文を読みながら単語を理解し、その後単語の意味をくり返し暗記する回転率の高い練習をするのが良いと思います！\n\n単語の意味だけを答える問題だけなら良いのですが、文章中の単語の意味を答える問題や日本語訳にする問題だと、文脈によって単語の意味が変わってくることが多いです。\nまた、例文を見ることで単語の意味が覚えやすくなることもあります！なので、特に覚えにくいと感じた単語や意味が複数個ある場合は例文も見ることをオススメします。古文単語帳には、単語によっては複数個の意味が生まれた経緯のようなものが書かれている単語もあるので、覚えるきっかけになると思います！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文の初見問題の解き方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず古文の初見の問題で読めない、何の話をしているのか分からないというのはよくあることですので安心してください。何回か返り読みをしていったり、問題を解きながら全容が明らかになってくるイメージです。\n\n私は古文ができないという人の中にも、その原因のタイプとして\n①単純に単語を覚えてないタイプ\n②文法知識が読解の際に使えてないので、本文や回答の選択肢のニュアンスの違いが分からないタイプ\n③主体判定が全くできてないので、本文がぐちゃぐちゃ見えてくるタイプ\n④力はあるが、古文の文章に慣れていないだけのタイプ\nといった4つに分けられると思っています。（これは人によって様々な意見があると思いますが、あくまで個人的な考えです。）\n\nぴぴまるさんの質問を拝見して、学校でやるぶんには出来るし単語もやっているとのことなので読めていない原因としては②と③のタイプのハイブリッドかなと感じました。\n②では、例えば文法でもラ変活用や下二段活用を暗記事項としては言えたとしても、本文中の大事な部分に登場した際にシッカリ処理できていますか？已然形 ば、はどういった働きをするか即答できますか？\nこういった文法事項を読解においても運用する能力を上げる必要があると思います。\n文法のオススメ参考書としては「古文上達 基礎編 読解と演習45」が良いです。まさに読解に使える文法にしてくれます。\n次に③ですが、古文では主語が省略されることが殆どです。そして問題で傍線が引かれるような所は、誰が何をしたのか、心情が分かりにくいから問題になっているんです。\nそこら辺のあやふやになりがちな部分を解消するためには、動作や感情表現の主語をいちいち確認しながらの全文和訳をオススメします。一度普通に解いた問題でやっても全然OKです。\nあまり効率的ではありませんが、いざやってみると自分が今までいかに荒い読み方をしていたのかよくわかると思います。\n\nこの二つの弱点を克服すれば、かなり伸びると思うので良かったら参考にしてみてください。古文は一度出来るようになれば、安定して点を稼げる科目です。\n焦らずにじっくり頑張ってください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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古文文法編を読んでいました。文法に自信があるのならやらなくてもいいかもしれません。ただたまにこんなのあったなぁ…忘れてたわ、ということがあったりするので余裕があれば買ってもいいと思います。\n単語と文法ができてきたらいよいよ演習です。もちろん過去問もやりますが、私は古文上達をやっていました。ですがこれは論述で答える問題が多く記号で答える問題が少なめなので途中からはただ全文を現代語訳する用に使っていました。全文を自力で現代語訳して解答を見てああここはこういう意味だったか…と確認していくの、本当におすすめです。これが一番古文の力をつけると私は思います。\n少し話が逸れてしまいましたが、演習用としては河合塾の首都圏難関私大古文演習をやっていました。ほぼほぼ記号ですし、過去問として載ってる大学も早稲田大学を志望する人なら受けたいと思うところばかりでやる気が出ます。これも問題を解くだけでなく自力で現代語訳してください。3回くらい全文現代語訳するのをおすすめします。ラストにあともう一個やりたかったので旺文社の全レベル問題集4をやりました。やり方は上に書いたのと同じです。\n\n長くなってしまいましたが、私が古文で使った参考書はこんな感じです。古文を得意科目にできると本当に良いです。センターでも役立ちます。頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 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