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1b:T1302,こんにちは♪ いつも受験勉強お疲れ様です！古文の読解は確かにいくら文法や単語を覚えても、全然解けなかったり、何となく読んで出来たと思っても、全然回答が合ってなかったり、あるいは途中で読んでいて疲れてきて、集中できないことはよくありますよね。(私自身も受験生の時そうでした)
　今回は古文読解で意識すべきポイントと具体的な勉強方法について紹介します。是非参考にしてみてください！
　
　①文章全体を100%理解することはほぼ不可能
　古文を読んでいて訳していると全く意味が理解できない箇所が出てくることがあります。(早大や共通テストでは結構あります)そこで絶対にやってはいけないのが、その箇所で止まり、「なんかこんなこと言ってるのだろう」と勝手に想像してイメージで解くことです。出題者は受験生がそうなることを狙って、わざと設問で引っ掛けてきます。
　大切なのは、そこで理解できなくても先に進んで、ひたすら文字情報だげを追うようにしてください。(後でそのことが分かることも結構あります)

　②リード文や設問を読解のヒントに使う
　早大(特に文学部)ではよく、長めのリード文や動詞や敬語の主体問題が出題されます。まずは、しっかりとリード文を読んで文章をリード文と照らし合わせながら読んでください。また、文法や敬語をしっかりと勉強しているのであれば、主体が誰かを判定するのは容易でしょう。そういったことを「動かぬ証拠」として、それらに基づいて文章を読んでください。

　③主語と述語の「カッチリ」を意識する
　文章を読む上では、主語と述語を意識してください。例えば登場人物が出てきてら印を付け、その主語がつながる述語にも印を付けるなどです。述語に対して動作主の候補が複数ある場合は、話全体で選択してより話の筋が通る方をとってください。主語と述語の「カッチリ」としたつながりが①で述べた文字情報のことです。いずれにせよ古文読解で一番意識すべきことは文字情報に基づいて、話の筋をつかむことです！
　
　次に古文読解についての具体的なやり方についてです。もし既に学習している問題集があるならば、以下のやり方を取り入れてみてください！
　
◎問題集がない場合のおすすめ参考書
　首都圏「難関」私大古文演習　河合塾
　世界一わかりやすい早稲田の国語合格講座の古文のパート

　やり方
　⒈問題集の文章と設問をあらかじめコピーや写メなどを取っておく　
　⒉印刷したもので問題を20〜30分を目安に解く（時間は現時点では気に　　　　　　　　　　　　　　してなくて良い）
　⒊解き終わったら、見直しをして回答を確認する。
　⒋解説を見ながら文章を直訳しながら読み直し、主語と述語を意識しな　
　　がら、話の筋をしっかりとつかむ練習をする。
　⒌ 設問解説を見ながら自分がどこを間違えたのか、正解へのプロセスに　　　　　　　どのようにすれば辿り着くかを説明できるようにする。(見落としていた単語や文法も本文中で覚える)
　⒍⒋と⒌を解説を見ずに説明できるようになるまで練習する。　
　⒎ ⒍ が出来た白文のまま本文を直訳する練習をする。　
　⒏⒎を週に2、3回行う
　　
　読解を意識するのは夏からで大丈夫です。今はとにかく基本事項を覚えてください。直前期になったら同じようなことを過去問演習でもやってみてください。古文読解で大切なのは定期的に古文に触れていくことです。初めのうちは大変だと思うかもしれませんが、繰り返していくうちに古文をそのまま読むことができるようになるはずです！ 
 
   早稲田の入試で差がつくのは、国語(特に古文 漢文)であるのにもかかわらず、多くに早大受験生は国語(とりわけ古文 漢文)を疎かにしがちです。なので、この時期にしっかりと古文の勉強をして基本事項を完璧にするのはとても素晴らしいことです！これからも古文(漢文も忘れずに)にしっかりと取り組んで他の受験生と大きく差をつけてください。早稲田に合格できるよう、健闘を祈ります。1d:Tc49,✅古文常識はとても大事。

古文は主語判定が最大のキーになります。その主語判定は文法や単語など様々な要素から特定することができますが、難関校になればなるほど古文常識を絡めた問題が出題されてきます。差がつきますからね。古文常識を頭の中に入れる際には絵で入れましょう。想像しやすいように。試験本番はいかに頭の中で具現化できるかにかかっています。ぜひ。

✅古文が心配なら基礎から。まだ間に合う！！


古文に関してはとりあえず単語と文法。単語に関しては単語帳一冊を完璧にすれば大丈夫だと思います。ただ古文単語に関してはすぐに忘れてしまうので夏休み中に完璧にして2学期以降にもしっかりと触れていきたいですね。覚え方としては、とにかく見る回数を増やす！単純ですが本当に大事です。1回1回覚えるつもりがなくても見る回数を増やしていけば自然と覚えていきます。古文単語は英単語と比較してとっても覚えにくいです。それかもしくは音声学習も有効的です。CD付きの単語帳、もしくは自分のスマートフォンにその単語の意味を吹き込んでCD代わりにするなどの方法もあります。様々な方法を使って意地でも覚えましょう。1年だけですからね。効率よく覚えたいです。
文法に関しては一冊文法の参考書をやるので充分。自分は参考までに河合塾出版のステップアップノートを使っていました。（灰色）私大、センター含めて難しい文法問題はそこまで出ない印象です。だからこそできないと差がついてしまいます。最低限はやっておくようにしましょう。文法は差がつきません。だからこそここで落としてしまいますと大きな痛手になってしまいます。最低限です。やっておきましょう。
最後に長文。長文読解には単語と文法以外にも背景知識が必要です。有名な作品（源氏物語や落窪物語）に関しては漫画を買って背景知識を入れていました。その他にも宮中の作りや武士のしきたりなど意外と重要ではないかと思われる背景知識が直接問われはしないものの読解においてキーワードになる場合があります。しっかりと背景知識は入れておきましょう。背景知識をしっかりと入れておくと文中の主語が誰なのかが一層分かるようになります。古文は文中の主語が誰なのかがとても重要ですので自分で長文読解の演出に取り組む際にも意識してほしいです。

✅おすすめの参考書。

古文単語帳 ex古文単語315 古文単語フォーミュラ600

ステップアップノート（灰色）

旺文社全レベル問題集②〜④

源氏でわかる古文常識（漫画）

速読古文常識

早稲田の国語


                          1e:Te9f,こんにちは！

ここでは漢文はとにかく句法を覚えて問題を解けばできるようになると思うので古文にフォーカスして回答したいと思います！

まず、古文を読解する上で大切なのはやはり単語と文法をきちんと固める必要があると思います！！

単語帳でおすすめの古文単語帳は古文単語ゴロゴです！（古文単語ゴロゴプレミアムがおすすめです。）これはその名の通りゴロで覚えれられるので古文の苦手意識をかなりなくてしてくれます！単語数もかなり多くのっていて早稲田、上智の古文まで十分一冊で対応できます！！

次に文法はYouTubeのただよびの吉野先生の授業動画がいいと思います！かなりわかりやすいくて一回10分なのでわからない文法のところだけ見るのでもおすすめです！

この２つをしっかりやって古文上達に戻ればある程度点が取れるのではないかと思います！！

とはいっても単語や文法を覚えても古文が読めない！！
という人はかなり多いのではないかと思います！その中で自分が考えるにこの３つの中のどれかに原因があると思います！！

①  敬語ができなくて主語がうまくとれない

②  古文の読解慣れしていない

③  古文常識がわかっていない

まずこのなかでも①が1番大切です！！
単語と文法をやれば古文を読めると思っている方がほとんどだと思いますがそんなに古文は甘いものではないです！古文は敬語が頻繁にでてきて誰の動作を高めてとかがわからないとまったく意味がわからなくなってしまいます。古文において敬語は非常に重要です。これが尊敬でこれが謙譲と覚えるだけでなく、どういう動作の尊敬語なのか謙譲語なのかまでしっかり覚える必要があると思います！
やり方としてはYouTubeの予備校ただよびでの吉野先生が今敬語についての授業（スーパ敬語法）が上がっているのでそれをみるのがおすすめです！自分も受験生時代吉野先生の授業を受けていたのですがとても分かりやすかったのでかなりおすすめです！

②は古文にも漢文にも言えることなのですが英語と同じである程度なれていくことが必要なので1日1文くらいは読んでいったほうがいいと思います。（おすすめの参考書は1番の基礎で有れば古文上達基礎編、その上のレベルは河合塾からでている中堅私大古文演習、難関私大古文演習がおすめです！）

③は意外と気にしないのですがかなり大切で、見落としがちなことが多いです！
例えば垣間見とはどういうものなのかや、
単語帳にはのっていない見出すと見入るの違い
見出す（主語は女になって部屋から男をみる）
見入る（主語は男になって部屋の外から女をみる）などなど色々あるので古文の世界をわかるということも大切です。
参考書はマドンナ古文常識がおすすめです！
これを一冊しっかり読んで完璧にしましょう！

参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）

また、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=bUof-3IBTqPwDZPussDA","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古文漢文の読み方のポイント"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",3,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"6/28 22:30"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-1","children":"古文って何言ってんのか分からなくなりますよね。文章によって読みやすいものの、めちゃくちゃ読みにくいものがあります。\nまず基本的なことなんですが、文章を読む前に、問題文のリード文や注釈を先読みして、どういうストーリーなのか掴んでください。人物関係図がある時はそれも把握しとくと良いです。どう言う話か分かった上で読むだけで、随分読みやすくなります。\n読み方に関してですが、主語をまず把握してすること何重要だと思います。主語を意識せず読み進めると、誰が何やってるのかわからなくなって意味不明になるので、主語は四角です囲むとかして目立たせるのがおすすめです。その際に主語の人物が違ったら、マーキングも違った方法でしてください。あと時間の関係を意識することも大切です。古文に関わらず、現代文でも英語でも時系列が文章の中で逆転することはよくあります。古文の場合物語がほとんどなので、よく時間の流れが逆転します。問題はそう言うところをよく着いてくるので、例えば文末の「けり」や「き」を見つけたら、丸で括っとくとかした方が良いです。\n古文を読むにあたって大前提ですが、文法と単語があまり頭の中に入っていなかったら読めません。助動詞や助詞は絶対にマスターしてください。単語は標準的な単語集に載ってるようものを完璧にすることも必要です。あと余力があれば、古文常識をある程度身につけとくのもいいと思います。これは予備校に通っていれば教えてくれるし、通っていなくても古文常識が詳しく書かれている参考書があるので、パラパラめくって情報を仕入れとくのが良いと思います。\n古文は単語と文法をやるだけで短期的に伸びる科目だと思うので、頑張って下さい！応援してます！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文・漢文が読めない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず、古文を解くのに必要な要素は\n\n⑴単語\n⑵文法\n⑶敬語(読解上重要なので文法とは別にしてます)\n⑷問題慣れ\n\nの4つだと考えています。なので、解けないとするならば⑶か⑷な気がします。\n\n⑶に関しては、敬語の有無や謙譲or尊敬で主語が特定できることがあるので、読解上も意識してみてください。\n\n⑷に関しては、問題を何回も解くしかないです。お勧めの参考書は「古文上達基礎45」です。丁度良い難易度で丁度良い長さの文が沢山入ってます。私はこれをやって古文がかなり改善しました。\n\n次に漢文に関してですが、\n\n⑴古文の文法と基礎単語\n⑵句形\n⑶漢字の意味\n⑷問題慣れ\n\nの4つだと考えています。なので、恐らく⑶と⑷でしょう。\n\n⑶に関しては、覚えるしかないです。私は「漢文早覚え即答法」に載っている漢字を覚えたところ、少しずつ出来るようになりました。\n\n⑷についても、練習しかないと思います。漢文は特別に参考書は使わず、共通テストやセンターの過去問で練習を重ねるといった形にしていました。\n\n最後に勉強法ですが、古文については復習の際に、品詞分解をしたことが効果的だったと思います。訳しにくい部分を品詞ごとに一つずつ切っていって「なぜこの訳になるのか？」を考えるようにしていました。英文解釈と同じ要領です。\n\n漢文については、英語の語順に似ていることを知ると理解が早くなりました。簡単な例ですが、「我見美鳥」という文があったとします。「われうつくしきとりをみる」と読める文ですが、I (我)watch (見)a beautiful bird(美鳥).と全く同じ語順になっているんです。これに気づいてから、句形も早く理解できるようになりました。勿論、すべてが英語と同じではないのであくまで理解の補助に使ってください。\n\n以上になります。まずは簡単めな文で練習を積みましょう！\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["早稲田大学商学部"," ","やかやかさん"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"文法と単語は出来るのに"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文の全体的な流れですが、\n助動詞・動詞の活用及び用法の全暗記\n⇩\n助詞、その他単語帳を使った単語の暗記\n⇩\n基礎レベルからの演習\n⇩\n演習・単語の継続\n\nです。ただ、他のどの教科よりもフィーリングや個人の感覚に委ねられる部分が大きいような気もしています。苦手意識を無くすことは時間をかけるだけでも解決しますが、安定して得点を取れるようにするためには上記の流れを固める必要があるでしょう。\n\n\n読解で意識するべきは、まずは単語の暗記、特に動詞の敬語の意味や主語・目的関係の暗記です。これが出来ていないと、得点は絶対に取れません。\n\n次に大切なのは、1度解いた問題をとにかく復習することです。\n問題を解ききり、丸付けをするだけで終えていないでしょうか？\n\n１度解いた問題は、まずは知らなかった単語を全てピックアップし、それらを覚えます。\n次に、現代語訳と見比べ、自分が誤って解釈してしまった文章に印をつけ、その文章をとにかく正しく解釈出来るまで調べ上げます。\nそもそも単語を知らなかったのか、活用や動詞などの意味を誤ったのか、目的や対象を誤ったのか、誤読の原因をとにかく分析するのです。\n\nその後、２～３回読み返しましょう。ここまでやって、復習したと言えるのです。\n\n\n個人的な見解ですが、単語は実際に文章内で使われている場面を見ない限りは覚えにくいと思います。また、共通テストレベルの問題は非常に難しく、初期段階で触れるには早すぎだと思います。まずはかなりレベルを落とした参考書や私立大の過去問を参照しましょう。（私は大東亜レベル⇒日東駒専レベル⇒GMARCH・センター⇒共通レベル⇒二次試験レベルとレベルを上げつつ演習しました。）\n\n参考にしてください"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文と漢文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"【古文】\n\n古文に関してはとりあえず単語と文法。\n単語に関しては単語帳一冊を完璧にすれば大丈夫だと思います。ただ古文単語に関してはすぐに忘れてしまうので夏休み中に完璧にして2学期以降にもしっかりと触れていきたいです。覚え方としては、とにかく見る回数を増やす！単純ですが本当に大事です。1回1回覚えるつもりがなくても見る回数を増やしていけば自然と覚えていきます。もしくは音声学習も有効的です。CD付きの単語帳、もしくは自分のスマートフォンにその単語の意味を吹き込んでCD代わりにするなどの方法もあります。\n文法に関しては一冊文法の参考書をやるので充分。自分は参考までに河合塾出版のステップアップノートを使っていました。（灰色）私大、センター含めて難しい文法問題はそこまで出ない印象です。だからこそできないと差がついてしまいます。最低限はやっておくようにしましょう。\n最後に長文。長文読解には単語と文法以外にも背景知識が必要です。有名な作品（源氏物語や落窪物語）に関しては漫画を買って背景知識を入れていました。その他にも宮中の作りや武士のしきたりなど意外と重要ではないかと思われる背景知識が直接問われはしないものの読解においてキーワードになる場合があります。しっかりと背景知識は入れておきましょう。背景知識をしっかりと入れておくと文中の主語が誰なのかが一層分かるようになります。古文は文中の主語が誰なのかがとても重要ですので自分で長文読解の演出に取り組む際にも意識してほしいです。おすすめの問題集は旺文社出版の全レベル問題集③.④です。\n\n【漢文】\n\n漢文に関してはとりあえず1冊参考書を終わらせましょう！！自分は漢文早見表を使っていました。問題集に関してはセンターの過去問を使っていました。早大といってもそこまで難しい漢文の問題は出ないと思います。センターレベルがこなせたら対応できると思います。（早大で漢文が独立問題として出題されるのは文学部、教育学部だと思います。）\n\n\nあくまで参考までに！！そのほかで何か分からないことがございましたらお気軽にご相談ください〜〜"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文.漢文の勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"・古文\n優先度としては\n単語>助動詞>敬語>>その他\nです。\n単語に関しては速読古文単語をひたすら繰り返して覚えてしまいましょう。\n古文では単語の細かい意味が問われるので、多義語も出来るだけ全て覚えるのが目標です。\n\nそれと並行して、助動詞も覚えましょう。\n助動詞は単語と比べるとかなり数が少ないので、短期間で完璧に仕上げるようにしてください。\n助動詞は意味と活用が問われます。\n\nまた、古文では敬語もよく聞かれるので単語と助動詞に余裕が出て来たら敬語の勉強をしましょう。\n\nここまでで基本的なところは全て抑えられると思います。\nさらに余裕があれば、国語便覧や源氏物語を読んで背景知識まで入れておけると古文で困ることはなくなるでしょう。\n\n・漢文\n漢文は書き下しの練習と、再読文字を覚えることをまずやってください。\n単語の意味は漢字からなんとなく連想できるので単語はそこまで焦らなくてもいいです。\nただ、推測不可能な単語もいくつかあるので、その単語についてはしっかり覚えましょう。\n\n書き下しができてしまえば、問題自体は古文ほど難しくなく、簡単な文章が多いです。\nまた、教訓や滑稽な笑い話など文章のパターンも少ないので沢山問題を解いているとだんだんとセンスが磨かれていくはずです。\n\n以上まとめると、古文は単語と助動詞、漢文は書き下しと再読文字から始めると良いと思います。\n応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"全然わからない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n古文はまず、古語を覚えましょう。敬語も合わせても３５０程度なので高２の今からやれば高３で受験生になってからすごく楽だし、模試も良くなるとおもいます(^o^)\n読む時のコツとしては、文や会話の主語は誰なのか(敬語が使われていたら相手は目上の人だとわかりますね！)をきちんと把握することです。\n私が使っていた古語集は『みるみる覚える単語帳300＋敬語50』です！\n\n漢文は句形をマスターしましょう。完璧に！\n再読文字、置字など基本的なことからしっかり抑えていきましょう。読む時は場所、人、再読文字などに印をつけましょう。□○△など、印は変えてずっと貫いてくださいね。この２つができれば漢文は得点源です。満点も狙えます。\n私が使っていた句形集は『漢文必携』です！\n\nセンターでは漢文古文でどれだけ満点近くを取れるかどうかがカギになると思います。\n\nがんばれ！🌸"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 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