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1b:Tbe2,まず英文和訳についてです。

英文和訳のレベルによりますが，とにかく慣れるしかありません。
和訳のセンスというのは数多くの文章を慣れ親しむことでしかつけられないものです。

しかし質問者様は「たくさん問題を解く」などと言う当たり前でありふれたことはわかっており、求めていないと思いますので，そうした中でどうしたら和訳のセンスがつくのか？
ということを説明します。
以下例文です。
Shoot enough times and you'll hit something.
「十分な回数ためしなさい。そしたら何かしら当てられるよ」
という訳をつけても良いのですが，
「数撃ちゃ当たるだろう」
という訳をつけられるようになるのが最終的な目標でしょう。

和訳というのは和語に一つ一つ訳すことです。

課題文の単語の意味を一つ一つ考えて，それをうまく繋げ合わせて訳にすればいい。

もちろん単語力があることは前提です。
その単語力や文法力の土台の上で、一つ一つの訳を考えれば間違うはずもありません。

そして良い訳を作るには
英単語の「日本語訳」ではなく「意味」を把握できるようになるしかないです。

enough⇒十分な
ではなく
enough⇒なんかめっちゃ大きくて足りてる
みたいなイメージを持つということです。

このことを留意しながら，沢山の和訳をすれば自然と和訳力は付きますよ。

結論，単語の意味ではなくイメージに則って，一つ一つを和訳に反映させれば間違えません。
試験中に，この英単語は訳のどこに対応しているのか見返せば良いと思います。
これで外した場合，単語力や文法に支障があるので、その2つの復習をするべきかもしれません。


次に説明問題です。
極論、英語の長文問題の全訳がわかれば，どの説明問題でも解けます。
東大の過去問でも，英語の説明問題は，全訳を見てから考えると小学生レベルになるからです。
一度，自分で全訳解答を見てから，模試の説明問題とかを考えてみてください。
小学生レベルの現代文に落ち着きます。

よって，英語長文の和訳の力をつければ，自然と説明問題も解けるようになる。ということです。

説明問題の書き方とかがわからないという場合は，英語長文の要約をやってみて下さい。
要約は論旨の把握とコンパクトな説明が求められるので，1番効率的に読解力と説明力がつきます。


英語の和訳ができるようになれば，自然と説明問題の力もつきますよ！
まだまだ春です。時間はいくらでもある。
僕は一橋法学部落ちたので，僕の仇を討ってくれることを期待しています。1c:Te16,英語に限らずですが、長文が読めないなら読めない原因・理由を徹底的に考え抜いてください。

人より長い時間勉強すればいいわけではありません。人よりたくさんの問題を解けばいいわけではありません。

人より高い点数・偏差値を取らなければいけない、ということを必ず頭に入れた上で、勉強のことを考えるようにしてください。


さて、英語長文ですが、読めない原因は大きく3つに分類されると思います。

①単語力の欠如
②文法力の欠如
③経験の欠如

まず、単語力ですが、長文を読む中で、1文に平均して2単語以上分からない単語があるようでしたら、単語力が不足しています。

毎文2単語分からないと、文章の内容はほぼわかりません。

もしこれに該当するようであれば、もっと単語の暗記に時間を使ってください。


次に文法力ですが、リーディングにおいて高い文法力は求められません。

文法力で苦労するのは、リーディングではなくライティング時です。

文法は、文型を判断できるか、と文法を判断できるか、の2つに分けられます。

文型は、みなさんご存じだと思いますがSVOなど、第5文型まであるものですね。

文型は、英語ができない頃はほとんどの人がおろそかにします。しかし、英語ができるようになったとき、なぜもっと早く文型を理解しようとしなかったんだと落ち込みます。

長文を読む中で、必ずこの文はSVOだ、この文はSVOCだ、など分かるようにしてください。

これがわかると、どの単語がどこにかかっているのか、どこを修飾しているかなどが鮮明に分かるようになり、複雑な英文もきれいな一つの形に見えるようになります。

どれだけ複雑でも、結局は、5文型のうちのどれかなわけですからね。

文法のほうは簡単で、この文は現在完了、これはただの過去形、これは仮定法など、1通り文法が分かればOKです。

これらができないと思うのでしたら、文法書を今一度しっかり叩き直してください。


最後に経験の欠如ですが、これは速読力に大きく関係します。

私たちは日本語を使っているので、例えば以下のような文章があったとき…

私は　サッカーが　好きです。

左から右に理解していきます。

しかし英語だと…

I like soccer.

となり、　私は　好きです　サッカーが　というように、この文章の場合は、左→右→真ん中の順番で理解する必要があります。

この、英語独特の単語の並びをどれだけ早く結びつけて、文章として理解できるかが速読力です。

これはもうひたすら長文を読んで、徐々に慣れていくしかありません。

また、多くの問題をこなし、経験を積むことで、英単語の訳を感覚で覚えることも非常に重要です。

英単語を日本語の直訳で覚えるのではなく、イメージとして覚えることで、様々な言い回しに対応できるようになります。

これは分かる人にしかわからないと思うので、長文を読む中で、こういうことかな、と思うことがあったら、思い出してください。

がんばってください！1e:Tee2,はじめまして！

構文は取れて文意も汲み取れている前提で話します。
結局単語の意味は文脈で決まります。多義語だろうがそうでなかろうが、その訳で正しいか正しくないかは前の文章の内容で決定されます。
その意味において、単語帳や文法書を読み込むことはTurboさんが今抱える問題の解決にはなりません。選択肢の数の問題ではなくどうやって選択肢を選ぶのかの問題なので。

では肝心のその能力はどうやって鍛えたらいいかの話ですが、「慣れ」しかない気がします。
例えばmillions of peopleを「何百万人」と訳すのか「相当な数」なのかは、根拠として定量的なデータを示したいなら前者ではないといけないし、ただたくさんいるという定性的に扱いたいだけなら後者でも問題ないです。つまり状況に応じて、どちらか出ないと❌、どちらでも⭕️は変わってきます。
また英語と日本語の分の構造の違いから、このニュアンスを出すためにこの単語からこのニュアンスを引き出さないといけない、という時もあります。
要するに一概に「こうしたら意訳ができる！」なんて言えません。一つ一つの文章に向き合って、これならこの訳でよい、ダメを考えて感覚を身につけるしかないと思います。

これだけ言うと救いがなさそうなのでもう少しフォローすると、模試の採点はそこまであてにしなくていいです。
模試の採点は模試によってはバイトがやるくらい機械的です。つまり採点基準を設けてそれになかったら機械的に❌されます。実際の大学の試験は人の人生がかかっているので真面目にやってますが、予備校の模試は年に何度もあるし受験者数も本番の何十、何百倍になります。
なので例えばmillions if peopleは「何百万人」なら⭕️となっていれば、「相当な人数」と訳すと当然❌になりますがそこに検討ははいらないです。つまりそれで実際に問題がなくともそれを吟味する人を介さないので跳ねられることは全然あると思います。

例が単語、語句レベルだったのであんまりピンと来た説明にならなかったかもしれないです。もし文章レベルの意訳ならば以下の方法を勧めます。
①英単語単位の状況やニュアンスを全て拾う
②構文に基づいて日本語訳を作る
③状況を語弊なく伝えるために日本語訳の構造を組み替える
④①で拾ったニュアンスを漏れなく詰め込む
の4つです。
補足すると、①は副詞・副詞句などや意図的に持ってきた単語などの意味をちゃんと全部抑えます。③は例えば元の英文と主術関係を入れ替えるなどです。これがいわゆる意訳の段階になります。そして④がちゃんとできるかが減点されるかどうか関わってきます。
おそらくTurboさんは④ができていないのかと思われます。これは自己採点する時に意識するといいです。そうすると自分で解答を作る時に減点されないような訳作りが意識できます。

以上です。
少し抽象度が高い話になったので的外れな話になったかもしれないです(そうだったらすみません💦)。
もしもっと具体的に聞きたい等あればメッセージでお願いします。
正直意識の問題なのでコツを掴めばすぐできるようになると思います！
頑張ってください！1f:Tffc,はじめまして！

英語長文の意味が取れないには2段階あると思います。1つ目は文章単体の解釈ができない、2つ目は文章単体の意味が取れても全体を通して何が言いたいか分からない、です。

1つ目について。
大前提ですが、一文一文の構文解釈ができていないと文全体の理解には届きません。
ただ注意として、文章単体の構文が解釈出来ても必ずしも意味が取れるとは限らないということです。詳細は後述します。
とりあえずこの段階はクリアしているということで、次に進みます。

2つ目について。
結局、英語長文は英語である以前に文章であるので読解が問われます。すなわちある程度の英語力が身についても読解力がないと文全体の意味を取れないです。読解力となると国語的な考え方ですね。
ポイントとしては文章を単語の羅列として捉えるのではなく情報の流れとして見ることです。文章には問題提起があって、そこから筆者の主張が展開されて、最後まとめや結論があります。問題提起だけ見ても筆者が何を言いたいか分かりませんし、筆者の主張を1個1個追って行っても問題提起が分からないとただダラダラと続く文章を眺めるだけになります。
今見ている文章の情報の質を意識しながら読む練習をすべきです。慣れてくると、「今この段階にいるから次はこうやって話が拡がって行くだろうな」「今ここまで説明されたから次はこれの説明が来るだろうな」といった予想が立てられるようになります。
では具体的にどういう風に勉強を進めればいいかですが、私も受験生自体かなり苦労しました。理由はそれをズバッと解説している参考書があまりないからです。大抵の問題集は答えだけかただ和訳が載っているだけ。つまり全てが理解できた結果しか載っておらず、どうやってそこまでたどり着けるかの説明はされません。そしてなにより自分に合った解説かどうかも結構大切です(解説が何言ってるのか分からないと意味ないですからね)。力足らずで申し訳ないですか、結局自分で探し出す他ないです。
1個参考書や問題集選びのコツを教えると、英語特有の構文解釈ではなく、国語的な読解に焦点を当てているものを探すべきです。前者はここで言う1段階目ですが、恐らくSohaさんのレベルだと後者の2段階目です。文章1つ1つではなく文章の繋がりに焦点が当てているものを選びましょう。
あと参考書選びで役立つキーワードを2つほど紹介します。「旧情報と新情報」と「論理構造」です。前者について、英語は既に言及された情報や目新しくない情報は文章の頭にやって、新しく言及する情報や強調したい情報は後ろにやる傾向があります。文法にもその影響が出ています(倒置や分裂分とか)。後者について、これはまさに国語的ですが、筆者が主張を展開するにあたって、反復したり対比をしたり因果を引いたりと論理構造を構築します。これら2つは英語読解に必要なキーワードです(なんなら現代文にも使える)。なので、これらがちゃんと扱われた参考書はオススメです。

以上です。
もし的はずれな解説をしていたら申し訳ないです。
長文読解はかなり対策が難しい分野ですが、できると英語の偏差値がかなり上がります。また構文解釈よりはコツを掴むとかなりスムーズにできるようになると思います。
また何か聞きたいことがあればメッセージでお願いします。
頑張ってください💪💪💪2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=bFNjx4QBTqPwDZPulBXX","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"上手い和訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",10,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"11/30 16:15"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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points」の意味は分かります。それを「勝ち点3」と訳すのはできないって感じです。ただこの例は、先程書いたようにまず私のサッカーへの前提知識がないのも影響しているというのと、話題が身近なので中々受験英語とは結びつかないかもしれません。適切な日本語を引っ張ってこれないという共通点でサッカーの例を出しました。\n長文の中の和訳問題のみならず、文法書の簡単な短文ですら答えを見て「なぜこんなに綺麗な和訳ができるのか…」とよく思うのですが、慣れの部分も大きいのでしょうか？"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"かい","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学社会科学部","adviceId":"bFNjx4QBTqPwDZPulBXX"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"慣れの部分が大きいかなと思います。\n自分で和訳してみて、回答と照らし合わせるといったことを沢山やっていれば慣れていきます。それと、和訳が漢字だらけ、つまり堅い日本語になりすぎないように意識しながら解くといいと思います。\n具体的な和訳のテクニックとして、受動態を能動態として訳してみることや、場合によって品詞を変えて訳してみるなどがあります！頑張ってください！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"かい","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学社会科学部","adviceId":"bFNjx4QBTqPwDZPulBXX","numberOfFan":0,"clipsAvg":2.625,"adviceRateAvg":4.75,"profile":"一年浪人した結果、第1志望の一橋大学に落ち、現在早稲田大学社会科学部に通っています。\n英語と世界史が得意です。\n英検準一級\n\n"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"意訳のコツとは？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！東北大学文学部のkitaです！\nお答えさせて頂きます！\n\n自分も、最初のころ参考書の答えを見て、なぜこんなに意訳ができるの？、どこまで意訳をしていいの？、などと思った経験があります。それを踏まえて、お伝え出来たらいいなと思います。\n\nまず、個人の考えとしては、量をこなしても自然にできるようにはならないと思います。\n例えば、使役動詞の\n無生物S+V+O+C\nという、英文が出た時に、多くの高校生は\n「sがoをcさせる｣などと、訳します。\n例で言うと、事故が私を遅らせた、みたいな感じです。訳としてかなり不自然ですよね。\n\nでも、ある情報を知っている高校生は、このように訳します。\n「sによって、oがcする」\n例としては、\n事故によって、私は遅れた\n→事故のせいで、私は遅れた\n\n多くの人は、最初に頭の中で、事故が私を遅らせた、のような訳を作り、それを上手く日本語にしようとします。\nしかし、第5文型が「sによって、oがcする」という情報を知っている人は、一瞬で自然な日本語に訳せます。\n\nこれは、訳す時以外にも、長文を読むスピードが圧倒的に変わります。\n\nこのように、1回情報を知れば、次出てきたら簡単に自分の訳に生かせると思います。\n\n参考書のとしては、\n関先生の「大学入試世界一わかりやすい英文読解の特別講座」をおすすめします。僕自身、この参考書に出会って、英語が好きになりました。\n\nballoonさんの目標が達成されることをお祈りしています。頑張ってください！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語は感覚で解いていいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"✅1点で300〜500人が動く世界。\n\n👉早稲田に関しては1点未満で落ちる人がたくさんいます。私の周りでも0.3点で落ちてる人、0.12点で落ちてる人。（標準化という制度があるので小数点がつく。）そのような人を身近でみてきた私からすると苦手分野をそのまま放置していくとそこができなかった際めちゃくちゃ後悔すると思います。少なくとも対策すればできるようになるのですから。質問者さんは英語が割と得意な方だと思います。絶対武器になる。その武器のネジが一本だけ取れてたら…大抵の敵は倒せるかもしれませんがラスボスはどうでしょうか。\nネジが取れてるならつけてあげましょう。万全な状態で挑みましょう。後悔ないように。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"和訳、英訳問題に対してのアプローチ"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。ご相談ありがとうございます。\nぜひ、大阪大学に来て頂きたいものです笑\nご存知とは思いますが、大阪大学の英語には和文英訳や英文和訳が含まれています。私が受験した時に(難化の年でした)英語は8割5分取っていましたので、参考になればと思います。\nまず英文和訳ですがこれは英文解釈の技術100を使うといいと思います。また、単語力の不足の可能性もありますので単語を見直してみてください。どんなに一文が長くとも、主語述語を的確に抑えることがポイントです。,or…のように、文の中でこの組み合わせが出てきたらこれを意味する、という決まったルールがありますのでその確認もしてみて下さい。\n次に和文英訳の問題についてですが、これは日本語を直訳する必要はありません。と言うよりむしろ、直訳でない方がいいパターンも多いです。訳し方が分からない日本語は、別の簡単な言葉に言い換える(この時関係代名詞が活躍します)ことがポイントです。苦手の程度が分からないので私が意識していることを共有してみました。\n回答は以上になります。応援しています！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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mb-1","children":"慶應経済を受験したものです。\n赤本の解答はあくまでも模範解答ですので、それ通りにする必要もありません。\n基本的に注視すべき点は、\n・単語、熟語は間違っていないか？（スペル等）\n・構文、文法的に間違っていないか？（3単現や時制）\n・和文にある要素全てを組み込んでるか\nの3点です。\n上2つに関しては、ネイティブや英語の先生などに添削してもらって下さい。\n\nそして質問者さんが悩んでいるのは最後の項目のところでしょう。\n①、②に共通して言えることですが、日本語とバッチリフィットさせるという発想を捨ててみてください。\n例えば｢部活をやめる｣→「部活に参加しなくなる」というように単語選びが怖くなったらゴッソリ解釈を変えてしまって大丈夫です。自分も受験期にここまで内容を変えていいものなのかと戸惑いましたが、採点者が主に見てるのは単語・文法などのミスの有無ですから自信を持って変えちゃいましょう。\n\nおすすめの参考書は過去問が一番ですね。慶経の和文英訳は中々癖が強いので、市販の参考書では本番戦える力は身につけられないでしょう。とにかく添削してくれるパートナー的存在に依存しながら、何度も何度も書きまくってみてください。\nただ基礎的な和文英訳の力をつけるということでしたら、今までやってきた文法書の和訳を見て、自分で英訳してみるという学習法もあります。この勉強法は自分がやり込んだ参考書であれば特に効果が高いです。英作の力に加えて文法・構文の力もつきますから、そちらもぜひ取り組んでみてください。\n\n最後に度々言及したことではありますが、とにかくグラマーミスを注意してください。解釈が少し違うのと、グラマーミスとでは後者の方が圧倒的に失点に繋がりますから、難しめの文で攻めようとせず、無難に確実な文を書いていってください。\n\n長くなりましたが、応援しています！\n頑張って下さい！日吉で待ってます！！\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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