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1a:I[6549,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-2c9c2b8245971fa7.js"],"CommentItemName"] 1c:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-2c9c2b8245971fa7.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1b:T14f3,こんにちは。東大法学部の者です。 英語というと、どうしても理系の方は後回しにしがちですが、東大の英語は「勝負を分ける科目」といっても過言ではありません。特に要約や英作文は、単語や文法の知識だけで太刀打ちできない要素が多く、独学での対策に不安を感じるのももっともです。私自身も受験期に非常に苦労した部分でしたので、今回はその経験を踏まえて、どのように対策をしていたかを詳しくお話しします。 英作文の対策について 英作文に関しては、まず最初の段階として「例文集によるフレーズ暗記」で表現のストックを増やすことに注力していました。定評ある例文集であれば割となんでも大丈夫です。塾で配布される教材があればそちらでも構いません。 これらの本は単なる英文の羅列ではなく、日本語→英語の変換力を鍛える構成になっており、「こういう日本語は、こう表現すれば良いのか」と感覚を養うのに適していました。 そのうえでアウトプットの訓練として使っていたのが、英作文添削アプリ「IDIY」です。自分で書いた英作文を提出すると、ネイティブや英語教育のプロが細かく添削してくれるので、かなり信頼できるフィードバックが得られます。これは特に文法ミスや不自然な表現を正すのに非常に役立ちました。 ただ、料金がかかるので、添削頻度を抑えたいときはChatGPTのようなAIを代用することもありました。特に文法チェックや語法の不自然さを確認する目的では、AIでもかなり実用的です。模範解答との比較や文体のアドバイスなどもできるので、上手く活用すれば良いトレーナーになります。 英作文では、「書いてある内容ももちろん大切」ですが、それ以上に基本的な文法や表現ミスを避けることが非常に大事です。東大模試では、文法ミスが目立つとかなり減点されてしまう傾向があるので、内容的に奇をてらうよりも「正確で自然な英語」を書く意識を持つべきです。平易な構文であっても、意味が明確で、正確であればそれで十分点は取れます。 要約の対策について 要約問題は、ご指摘の通り独学での対策が非常に難しい分野です。私自身も初めは全く何を書けば良いのか分からず、模範解答と自分の答案を見比べて絶望する日々でした。 そこで意識したのは、「まずは模範解答を熟読して、分析すること」。例えば、駿台や河合塾、Z会など、複数の予備校が出している過去問の解答解説をすべて集めて比較し、それぞれの解答の切り口や要素の取り扱い方、表現のまとめ方を丁寧にチェックしていました。 さらに、「もし自分がその解答を書けるとしたら、どう問題文を読めば良かったのか」を逆算的に考えるようにしました。 つまり、完成された要約文から逆に原文に立ち返って、「このフレーズはどこから拾ってきたのか」「なぜこの部分は省略しているのか」などを検証するんです。これを繰り返すことで、徐々に要約の「型」が自分の中にできてきます。 また、当たり前ですが日本語の表現も大事になってきます。主語の抜け忘れ、接続の綺麗さ、文の構成に注意してください。これは現代文にも関連する話です。 要約問題は、満点を狙うというより**「早く・正確に・大外ししない」ことが重要**です。東大の要約は文字数も限られており、与えられた時間で完璧な要約を書くのは現実的に難しいです。だから、ある程度の妥協を持ちつつ、常に「必要最低限の要素を拾う」「的外れなことを書かない」ことを意識していました。 また、速読力も欠かせません。要約問題に限らず、英語全体において読むスピードと情報処理能力が得点に直結します。日頃から英文を読むスピードを意識し、時間を測って問題を解いたり、要約以外の長文問題でも「設問の意図を素早く見抜く練習」をすると良いでしょう。 東大を目指すうえで、特に理系の方にとって英語は差がつく科目です。 理系だからといって英語を軽視してしまうと、総合点で非常に損をしてしまいます。でも、裏を返せば、しっかり準備すれば英語でリードすることも可能です。英作文も要約も、始めは全然うまくいかなくて当然です。でも、正しい方向性で練習を積み重ねていけば、必ず伸びていきます。 この夏が勝負の第一歩です。最初は「地味な勉強」が多いですが、それを積み上げた人だけが、本番であの試験場で堂々と戦えるようになります。焦らず、でも着実に、一歩ずつ積み重ねていってください。1d:Tcde,ひたすら多読するのが一番の近道だと思います。記述で少しずつ落としてしまうのは、少し文構造を取り間違えたり、単語や熟語を知らなかったりするからですが、これに対する特効薬のようなものは無く、ただ沢山の長文に触れ、学び、慣れていく他ないと思います。残された時間が少なく焦ってしまうとは思いますが、根気よくやっていくしかありません。 英語は、①単語②文法③解釈④長文⑤英作の5つをこの順にやるのが良いと言われることが多いです。ただ①、②を完璧にすることは不可能なので、何となくできてきたら次に進むのが良いと思います。質問者さんが高校三年生であることを考えると、解釈または長文をするのがいいと思います(同時並行で英作をやるのもアリ)。問題集としては、基礎英文問題精講、基礎長文問題精講をおすすめします。 説明問題は、適当な部分を見つけて訳す問題、すなわち英文和訳の問題に帰着されるとよく言われます。説明問題に対処するためには、まず英文を訳せるようにならなければなりません。英文を訳すためには、丁寧に文構造をとる練習が必要なので、基礎英文問題精講など英文解釈系の問題集を1冊やっておくのがいいと思います。丁寧に文構造をとることで、少しずつ点を落としてしまうことを減らすことが出来ます。その後、身についた英文解釈の力を活かすべく、基礎長文問題精講などの問題集で英文和訳に慣れるのがおすすめです。 一橋大学の過去問をやっていないならば1年分やってみるといいと思います。英作に自信が無いなら長文の問題である大問1(年によって大問2も)だけでもやってみると、自分の苦手なところや、ケアレスミスをしがちなところ、思わず雑に訳してしまうところなどを確認することが出来ると思います。解答はできれば他人にみてもらうのがいいですが、もし出来ないならば自己採点をするのが良いと思います。自己採点する際、自分で解答の要素を区切って細かく見ていくのがおすすめです。実際、模試や入試の採点者は機械的に要素採点をしていることが多いそうです。 ちなみに、解答で意訳しすぎているような問題集、参考書がありますが、そのように全てを意訳する必要はなく、学校で習ったような意訳(無生物主語など)以外は直訳で減点されることはあまりないです。不自然な日本語でも、自分が文構造を分かっているという証明になるのでそのまま書くべきです。前述のように要素採点なので、どの日本語がどの英語の部分に対応しているのか分かりにくい場合、減点されるかも知れません。 もし余裕があるなら、一橋大学以外の大学の過去問をやってみるのもいいと思います。阪大や京大の和訳問題は良い問題が多いです。1e:Te45,英作文の勉強って明確な答えやゴールがないし、本番の採点基準も分からないのでどこまでやればいいか不安ですよね😭 その中で自分なりに工夫しようとしていて素晴らしいです✨ さてご質問の「別解まで書けるようにするべきかどうか」ですが、これはまさに「時間と効果のバランス」の問題です。 結論から言えば、『全部覚えられるなら強い。でも、時間は限られているから、ちゃんと取捨選択しよう』というのが現実的な落としどころです。 ☆ 別解はどこまで扱うべき？ 確かに、フレーズの別解がたくさん載っていると「これも書けるようにしないと…！」と焦ってしまいますよね。でも、全部覚えようとするのは効率が悪すぎますし、そこに時間をかけすぎて肝心のアウトプット演習が進まなくなったら本末転倒です。 おすすめはこうです： • 「自分の元の表現と似ているフレーズ」：覚えなくてOK 　⇒自分で書けるならそれで充分。それは「すでに自分の引き出しにある表現」です。 • 「自分と全然違うけど、これは使えそう！」という表現：ぜひストックしておく 　⇒自分の表現の幅を広げてくれるフレーズは宝物です。 ☆ 覚える・復習する工夫 ただし、「覚えないと決めたフレーズでも、せっかく参考書に載っていたなら、活用する」といいかもしれません。 そのときは 何度か音読するだけで十分。 歩きながら、電車に揺られながら…そういう「ながら時間」で、口に出しておくと、意外と記憶に残ります。 その記憶は本番、助けになるかもしれませんね！ ペンもノートもいらないので、負担も少なく始めるハードルも低いので続けやすいですよ！ さらにさらに英文の音読は長文読解の能力アップにも役立つので是非オススメしたいです✨ ☆ 英作の復習って、どこまでやればいい？ 演習したあとは、自由英作なら「書けなかったフレーズやミスした表現」を軽く思い出す程度がちょうどいいです。 復習は重たくしすぎず、回数をこなすことの方がずっと大事です。 自由英作は、テーマを変えて何本も書く中で、自分なりの使いやすい表現が定着していきます。 なので私は過去問でテーマの傾向を掴み、似たテーマの文を沢山書きましょう！ 和文英訳は何度か書き直してその中でじっくり定着させていきましょう💪 こちらは色んなフレーズを覚えるのもいいですが、日本語を簡単な日本語に言い替える能力や 難しいフレーズをできるだけ使わずに書き切る能力が大切です！ 「この表現くらいでいいんだ」これを実感し、定着させましょう！！ 終わった英文は、先生に添削してもらったり、ChatGPTなどを使って添削をかけてみるのもおすすめですよ。意外と実用的なアドバイスが返ってきますし、自分のクセにも気づけるはずです。 焦らず、一歩ずつでも前に進んでいければ、それで十分です。 辛いと感じることもあると思いますが、大学に入って楽しい未来を想像しながらコツコツ積み上げていきましょう！ 努力が実ることを心から祈っています☺️2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=ZBXpDGsBTqPwDZPuVAEG","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"記述問題対策"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",11,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"5/31 8:02"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"ぺんぺん","infoString":"高卒 東京都 慶應義塾大学文学部(65)志望","adviceId":"ZBXpDGsBTqPwDZPuVAEG"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"英作文、和訳問題、要約問題などを独学でやるためにはどうするのがいいと思いますか？オススメのやり方、参考書などを教えてください。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_E688FFA9E9BC42C484C48FBBACBE5E7A.jpg?alt=media&token=f4eda09c-9d13-48f3-8ba7-6b9a39b251a0","adviserName":"tetuji","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学経済学部","adviceId":"ZBXpDGsBTqPwDZPuVAEG"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"まずはすべての基本となる文法、単語を完璧にしてください。 \n \n英作文にしても何にしても文法ができないと文を作ることができません。 \nそこの学習は大丈夫でしょうか？ \n \n次に和訳ですが、英文解釈をやると良いと思います！ \nお勧めは最終的にポレポレができるようになると良いです！ \n \n英作文は文法が完璧になると必然的にできるようになってきます。 \nそして種類は基本２種類ありますのでその対策は別々でやる必要があります。 \n \n・日本語を英訳する問題 \n・自分で英作文する問題 \n日本語からする場合は特別な言い回しなどは覚えているものを使えますが、わからない単語などある場合が多いのでその際はできるだけ簡単な言葉はないか？と考えてみましょう！ \nこれは過去問で例などがあるのでそれを参考にやってみましょう。 \n \n自分で考える英作文はまずは日本語で作文しなければ \n結局英語にもできないですよね。なのでまずあ日本語で課題文にこたえられるようにしておきましょう！ \n 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mb-1","children":"こんにちは！東大文三1年生のものです。文科ではありますが、英語は共通試験なのでお答えさせて頂きます。\n\n独学が難しいと仰っていますが、本当にそのとおりです。もはやほぼ不可能と言っても過言ではありません。私は塾に通っていなかったので学校の先生に添削をお願いしていました。第三者の目が入ることで自分では気づけないミスを指摘してもらったり、自分の癖に気づくことができます。赤本青本の模範解答が絶対的な正答というわけではなく、その判断を自分ですることは難しいのでできることなら学校の先生や塾の先生に添削をお願いしてください。\n\n次に和訳、要約、英作のそれぞれについて対策の一例をお伝えします。\nまず和訳ですが、東大の和訳は長文中の一文を和訳する形式であり、最初はその一文だけを見て和訳を試みようとしますが、それは絶対にやめてください。要旨をつかむ程度で良いので必ず文章全体に目を通すこと。そうすることで文意にあった和訳をすることができます。抜き出された一文だけ見て和訳しても綺麗に意味の通った和訳をつけることは難しいです。まず抜き出された文がどんなことを言いたいのか？を把握し、そこから括弧付等をして文構造を分解し、適切な和訳にしていきます。場合によっては意訳が必要になることもあります。よく知っているような単語でも既知の意味を機械的に当てはめるのではなく、文意に沿った訳をあててください。\n次に要約ですが、私は過去問にプラスでUNLIMITEDという参考書を使っていました。要約はかなり苦戦した記憶があります。東大の要約は英語力だけでなく日本語力も試されるもので、国弱の私にはかなりきついものがありました、、笑まず文章の要旨を掴むことに注力します。その文章で一番何を言いたいのか、を把握することを第一優先で、その後に肉付けをしていくイメージです。語数がかなり厳しいので、なるべく熟語にする努力や日本語の言い換えも必要になってきます。\n英作もかなり苦戦しましたね、、私は英語は得意だったのですが、東大の英作は日本語で聞かれても答えられないよ、というようなテーマも多いので、やはり日本語力という点で難しかったように感じます。発想力が求められるので、日頃のニュース等に対して自分で英語で意見を書く、といったことはどうでしょうか。柔軟性が鍛えられて突飛なトピックにも対応できるようになると思います。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。回答させて頂きます。\n\n英作文の勉強法ですが、大きく分けて２つです。\n\n1つは暗唱文を増やすことです。こちらは問題なさそうですね。\n参考までに申し上げておきますとオススメの参考書はドラゴンイングリッシュです。\n\nもう１つは英作文に対する基本姿勢を身に付けることです。\n簡単に説明しますね。\n\n英作文は、知ってる文のみを用いて、とにかく簡単に伝えたいことを書く必要があります。\n普段入試で読むような難しい文を書く必要は全くないということです。\n\nまた、言いたいことを日本語で思い浮かべた後、そのままそれを英語にしてはいけません。\n文章をできる限り簡単にして、絶対にミスがないような文章で書く必要があります。\n\n日本語を「英語に訳しやすい日本語」に変換するのは中々練習してないと難しいです。\nこれが出来ていない受験生が非常に多いです。\n\nこれを身に付けるためにオススメの参考書は「転換発想の英作文」ですね。訳しやすい日本語に直す感覚がかなり摑めるんじゃないかと思います。\nそれと、ドラゴンイングリッシュにもこの話は良く出てきます。例文を暗記するだけでなく「はじめに」の部分なんかもしっかり読んでおくと良いと思います。\n\n最後に英作文には、小論文同様型があります。\n言いたいことを書き殴るのではなく、\n\n結論(I think ~, My opinion is~)\n理由 (There are 数字reasons\nFirst, ~~\nSecond, ~~ ・・・)\n再び結論( For these reasons, I think~~)\n\nといった読み手に自分の意見、立場が分かりやすい書き方を心がけましょう。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語の文法をマスターするには"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n英語の文法は結構学校でも放置されがちで勉強しづらいですよね…\nぼくが受験勉強していく中で見つけた英語の文法の攻略法があります！\n参考書と共に、英語の文法の勉強方法を紹介します！\n\n\n<英語の文法>\n英語の文法には2種類あります！\n・文章で使う英文法\n・問題で出される英文法\n　(センターなど)\n\nこの2種類は別々の攻略法がありますが、互いに相乗して得意になっていくので両方勉強していきましょう！\n\n\n<⑴文章で使う英文法>\n文章中で読解するために使う英文法です！\n使い方まで知っておく方がよく、非常に多彩で理解力が求められます！\n\nオススメ参考書「英文法の核」\n\n〜勉強法〜\n読むだけで大丈夫です！暗記も必要ありません！\nただし何周もしてください！3回読めば大体完璧なので、3回は読みましょう！\n\n\n<⑵問題で出される英文法>\n問題に出される英文法は、難易度の高低が広いので、志望校に沿った対策が必要になります！\n(特に私立大学は重要です！)\nこれは⑴よりも暗記量が求められるので、コツコツと暗記していれば十分対策可能です！\n\nオススメ参考書→英文法の問題集\n(難易度は人によって)\n\n〜勉強法〜\n問題集に出てくるパターンと、暗記すべきところを暗記します！\n基本的には(完璧になるまで)周回すれば大丈夫です！\nこの際、質問者様のいうように、○△×などのチェックをつけると復習しやすいのでいいですね！\n\n\n以上二つの勉強をやっていれば文法は大丈夫です！\nコツコツやっていきましょう！半年もやっていれば得意になれます！\nがんばってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"東大英語 和訳/要約/英作の効果的な対策"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n確かに、要約や英作文は明確な採点基準がないので、独学でやるのは難しいです。\n\n 僕は、高校の英語の先生が課題を出してくださったり、その課題や別の英作文の問題を添削してくれたりしました。\n もし、学校の先生に頼れるのなら、それが一番です！作文系は他人に見てもらうのがかなり大事ですからね。\n\n ただ、もし先生に見てもらうことが難しいのであれば、生成AIを用いることをオススメします。\n\n たとえばchatGPTに、「東京大学の英作文の練習問題を出して。」とか、文章送って、添削してって言うとか。\n 模試の問題とかで、 採点基準が書かれていたら、それも一緒に伝えて、この採点基準で採点して、とか言うのも効果的です。 \n 文法に関してもAIはすごいですからね。かなり細かい表現についてとかも教えてくれます。\n\n ここからは英文を書く時に意識するべきことを少し話します。\n \n 和文英訳の問題では、東大に限らず、難しい問題はそもそも書いてある日本語が難しいです。\n 日本語の文を、小学生にでも伝わるくらい、なるべく簡単な日本語に直してから、その日本語を英語に訳していくといいでしょう。\n\n 自由英作文も同じで、まず書きたい内容を思い浮かべると思うんですけど、それもなるべく簡単に日本語で表すようにしましょう。\n \n時には自分がそうは思ってない方の意見でも、そっちの方が書くのが簡単なら、入試的にはそっちで書く方が時短になると思うので、点を取るための割り切りも必要です。\n\n以上簡単にですが、参考になれば幸いです！\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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