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1a:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1c:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList2"] 1e:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList3"] 1b:T14a1,言っていることが多少捉えにくいですのでご注意下さい。あととても長いです… 難しい文章になると単語帳に載ってる言い方から離れた翻訳になることはよくあります。 自分が受験期にしていたことは、概念を意識することでした。単語の概念を意識すると型にはまることもなく文章を多様に訳せるようになります。 では、概念を意識するとはどういうことか。それは、類語を意識することだと思ってください。例えばですが、preventという単語の意味に関して、概念の範疇内で違った言い方(訳し方)をできる限り多く頭に浮かべてください。(限界まで浮かべたら下へ) どうでしょうか。恐らく浮かんだ数が多ければ多い人ほど柔軟な翻訳能力が備わっていると思います。 「防ぐ」「阻む」「抑え込む」「押しとどめる」「差し止める」「封じる」「禁じる」「庇う」「助ける」「おかげで〜回避できる」…など、単語帳に載っていない沢山の異なる言い方があると思います。意味の類語から類語へとどんどん連想していくだけで適切な訳が見つかってきます。 「助ける」や「おかげで〜回避できる」などに疑問を持った方も居ると思いますが、例えば、 He prevented me from repeating a year.という文では「彼が留年から私を救ってくれた。彼のおかげで留年しないで済んだ。」などという風に訳したほうが自然です。「彼は私を留年から防いだ。」という様な訳だと意味は通じるけれど翻訳の仕方が下手ですよね。これが臨機応変にその場に合った翻訳ができるということを指すのです。 難しい言い方をしますが、概念とは同類のものから共通部分をぬき出して得た表象であり、類語はその共通部分を帯びた言葉に当たります。場面に応じた翻訳の仕方が上手い人は、単語帳に載っている言い方だけでなく単語の意味を概念で捉えた上でその類語力に力があるのではないでしょうか。(伝わりにくかったらすみません) また、単語推測に関しては長文のトピックを掴んだ上で文章の流れや文脈、書き手の意思を汲み取って考えてみると知らない単語の意味が推測できますよ。 例えば、形容詞 jubilant を例に文を作ります。 She has jubilant eyes for a perfect score in math. この場合、 文脈を見るべきですよね。jubilant という単語は良い意味なのか悪い意味なのかどちらなのでしょうか。それは、for以下を見れば a perfect score から jubilant が良い意味だということがわかりますよね。 「彼女は数学で100点満点を取って嬉しそうな目をしている。」 実際はこのように簡単にはいきませんが、長文の途中で未知の単語が出てきても前後の文脈が理解できれば多少は意味が推測できるはずです。(動詞や形容詞なら意味的にマイナスかプラスかなど) 以上の二点(類語連想、文脈理解)を踏まえて、実践してみましょう。 下記の英文はある料理本に載っている注釈の一部を抜粋したものです。 If your recipe is for a dessert, soup, or other item recommended as a side course, please nail down your submission includes suggestions for main dishes that it would complement. 上手く翻訳できるでしょうか。 ポイントは4つあります。 ①nail down ②submission ③suggestions ④complement submissionとは「提案、提出、投稿」などの意味ですがここではレシピに関する話をしているので、料理そのものを指しますよね。 suggestionsは「示唆」や「暗示」を表しますがこの場合、名詞で訳さず動詞的に「しそう、できそう」と訳した方が適切な翻訳になりますよね。 complementは「を完全にする」などの意味ですがそれだと意味的に通らないので、類語を連想して文脈に当てはめると「を引き立たせる、を映えさせる」とすることができますよね。 最後に、nail downですがこれは以上の3点を理解した後に意味が見えてきます。「〜するようにする」の意味ですが、pleaseやsubmission以降の文からわかるはずです。 従って、和訳は 「お作りになるレシピがデザートやスープなどのサイドメニューでしたらメイン料理を上手く引き立たせられるようご確認下さい。」 となります。 結論何が言いたいかというと、適切な訳を思いつくようにするには類語を連想することが手っ取り早いということです。単語推測に関しては国語的な力も必要ですが(文脈や筆者の言いたいことに対する理解)、鍛錬すれば「あ、今こんなこと言ってるんだな」って勝手に分かってきます。頑張ってください。 1d:T1dab,ひなさん、お久しぶりです。 すごく辛い心境が伝わってきました。何かお力になれればと思います。 今回は、 ①英語を復活させるための具体策 ②過去問最低点にいつ到達すれば良いか ③併願校選び の3点で回答します。 ①英語を復活させるための具体策 英語という科目は過去問を解き始めてある程度するとスランプに落ちる人が多々います。私もその1人でした。急に長文が読めなくなり、頭に入ってこなくなる感じです。もしそうでなければ今からの話は的外れなのでスルーしていただいて結構です。または別途コメント欄等で再度ご質問頂ければと思います。 長文が急に頭に入らなくなった、読めなくなったという症状の場合、その原因候補の一つとして、読むスピードの上げすぎが挙げられます。過去問に慣れてくると、急激に解く時間を短くしようとする傾向があります。その理由は今の時期の実力では規定の時間内解ききれないからです。今そのような状態ではないですか？または解ききれてもどんどんとスピードアップしようとしてはいませんか？ この症状を改善するための本質は、スピードを適正化し、しっかりと根拠を持った状態で解答を導き、正答率を上げることです。 具体的には簡単な長文問題を確実に解く訓練をするとよいでしょう。センター試験を使うと良いと思います。センター試験の問題は専門家が長い年月をかけて作るので、問題の作りが非常に精巧です。受験のエッセンスが詰まっています。また共通テストのようにポスター読み取りなど無駄な部分がありません。 センターは簡単だからと軽視しがちですが、センター試験ほど良質な問題はありません。どの参考書よりも素晴らしい問題だと私は思います。 最初は規定の時間で良いので、発音問題を除き、1ミス以下を毎回確実に取れるようにすると良いでしょう。解く際には一問一問解答の根拠を持ってください。解答根拠となる部分には線を引くなどして丸つけの際に自分がどんな思考プロセスだったかを明確にします。 センター試験のような基礎なレベルの問題を用いるのはここに理由があります。早稲田のような文章だと難解で解答根拠が非常に見つけにくく複雑な場合があるからです。ゆえに練習に適切ではありません。中には解答根拠がはっきりとしないものがあったりします。予備校でたまに答えが割れるのはこれが原因です。また、センター試験では解答根拠がはっきりしない問題は99%ありません。それもセンター試験を用いる理由の一つです。 この訓練をすることによって、読むペースを適正化し、正答率を上げることができます。これができるようになったらもう一度過去問に戻ってみて下さい。きっとスピードは今よりも少し落ちますが、根拠を持って解答するクセが改めて身につくと思います。それにより、正答率は上がるはずです。正答率が上がったらまたゆっくりと読む速度を上げていくと良いでしょう。 ②過去問最低点にいつ届けば良いか 結論、本番当日です。12月時点で最低点を取れていなくても何ら不思議ではないです。むしろ年内に最低点が取れるなら、志望校のレベルを上げても良いくらいかもしれません。（少し言い過ぎかも）現役生の成績が“最も”伸びるのは1月後半から受験当日までの期間です。今までやってきた積み重ねの複利が最大化するからです。私も明治の政経を受験しましたが、この時期明治政経英語の合格点は取れていませんでしたよ。だから落ち着いてやっていきましょう。 ③併願校選び ひなさんは現在、早稲田以外の受験校はと中央法、明治政経の2学部のみのようですね。 はっきりと申し上げて、明治政経と中央法では併願校としてレベルが高すぎると思います。明治政経は言わずもがなMARCHトップレベルですし、中央法も茗荷谷キャンパス移転に伴い今までよりも難易度が上昇することが見込まれています。 私は受験校をもう少しもう少し幅広くするべきだと思います。金銭面で問題なければ、最低限MARCH下位学部、また理想は日東駒専まで受験することです。 しかしながら、早稲田、明治、中央以外には行きたくないという主張も非常によく分かります。ですが、明治政経と中央法に受かっていない状態で早稲田を受験するのと日東駒専どこか一校でも合格を持った状態で早稲田を戦うのにはメンタル面で大きな差があります。 絶対に行かないから受験しないのも分かりますが、早稲田受験に向けたメンタル維持のために受けることを強く推奨します。 受験校を増やしても、受験対策はほぼ増えません。日東駒専やMARCH下位学部は一月が終わるまでに過去問を1年ずつでも解けば大丈夫です。早稲田の対策をしていれば当たり前に解ける問題ばかりだと思います。 受験校増加のデメリットは、試験日程が多くなることです。ですがそれも受験慣れに繋がります。行けば分かりますが初めの方の受験は緊張するものです。何度も受けていくと慣れます。早稲田には慣れた状態で試験に臨んだほうが良いです。 また、これは余談ですが、早稲田慣れというのもあります。早稲田の受験は2月下旬に集中するので、他大学の受験を終えた状態で早稲田受験を迎えることになると思います。その際、受験慣れしたつもりでも、やはり本命の大学、自分が丸一年捧げてきた場所に来ると、他大学とはまた別の緊張に襲われることがあります。人間緊張すると本来の実力を発揮できないことがあります。それは避けたいものです。 今年の早稲田受験日程は教育、商、社学の順に、19日、21日、22日です。もし教育学部で緊張によってペースが崩れてうまくいかなかったとすると、ドミノ倒し的に商、社学と崩れる恐れがあります。 そこで、金銭的余裕があれば文化構想学部も受験すると良いでしょう。文構の試験日は例年早く、今年は12日です。教育学部と1週間離れています。文構で早稲田の緊張に慣れてしまえば、他3学部は安心して受けられます。 また、文構は試験問題が他3学部とは傾向が異なります。よって、時間がなければ、もしくは行きたくなければ、文構対策は不要です。あくまでも早稲田に慣れるために行くと良いと思います。 前回もお話ししましたが、きっとひなさんなら大丈夫です。ぜひ最後まで走り抜けて下さい。 合格を祈っています。 2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"文と文の繋がりとかが分からない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お疲れ様です‼️はじめまして、私の回答が少しでもあなたの力になればと思いコメントさせてもらいます。\n\n今回は実践というよりも勉強の段階から意識する点をお話しますり\n\n(1)速読というものを見誤っている\n(2)論理的読解力がついていない\n\n\n(1)\n速読をただ文章を速く読むことだと思っていませんか？\n速読力とは、どこを重点的に読んでどこを流しながら読むのか判断できる力のことをいいます。\n文章、段落の主張となっている文、設問に関係している文は正確に読み、関係ないところはサッと目を通すだけと判断できれば1発で主張を掴み問題に取り掛かれます。\nつまりは速さではなく強弱と言った方がいいでしょう。\n\n(2)\n受験における論理的読解とは、文章の構成を理解し内容がわかることをいいます。また、構成を理解しているならば自分で内容を予測できる力とも言えます。\nex\n1段落目は一般論、導入、逆説してから主張、簡単な理由。\n2段落目で例や意見。\n3段落目で逆説や反対意見、例。\n4段落目でそれに対する意見や反論、データ。\n5段落目で主張の反復。\nといったくらいに受験の長文は綺麗な構成になっています。\n\n練習の段階で1度ゆっくり読んで、段落ごとに要約、そして役割を書き出してください。また、その役割を示す単語にも注意してください。(ディスコースマーカー)\n\n例えば、ButやHoweverの前後をみると、前には一般論、後ろには主張が来るとこが多いです。(特に大文字Butはほぼそう)\n\nというのも逆説をつかう利点は説得性を上げるためにあります。1度一般的な意見、みんなが信じ込んでいることを否定することで説得力を上げています。\n\n速読と関連しますが、あまり重要でないところ、速く読むところは主張のあとの具体例やデータのことが多いです。というのも始めから言いたいことを言っているで、具体例はその補足にすぎません。\n\n\n▶️まとめると、論理的読解力をつける為に普段の問題演習から段落の役割を意識して読む。その段落の役割が分かるようになればどこが重要なのかもわかるので読むスピードが上がる。\n\n\n論理的読解力について大雑把に説明しましたがやればやる程この読み方が圧倒的であることが分かります。本当は詳しく説明したいので興味がありましたら是非メッセージお待ちしております。\nそれでは頑張りましょう‼️"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"もう何をしたらいいかも分からないです"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！一週間遅れの解答でもっと病んでるかもしれないけど、息抜き程度に読んでね。まずはじめに、過去問で一喜一憂するのだけは絶対にやめよう。もちろん悔しくなって、めちゃくちゃ病んでしまうのは正直わかる！でも1年間、誘惑を断ちきって血の滲むような努力を重ねてきたのに、目標の途中で立ち止まってしまうのはあまりにももったいない。ひなさんは間違いなく努力しているけど、結果が目に見えなくなることだって絶対にあるから、戦い続けよう！\n日本史と国語が得意なのはとてもいいことだと思うし、ひなさんの大きな武器なのは間違いない。英語も過去問の点数を見るに自分がおもっているほどできない訳ではないと思う。自分は英語が大の苦手だっていう思い込みが、ひなさん自身の努力や自信を否定しているような気がする。タイムリミットが迫っていることは自覚していると思うから、過去問にウェイトをおいてやっていくといいと思う。自分が出来なかった長文は何度でも解いて、答案が暗記できてしまうくらいまでやり込むべき。実際自分もそのくらいまでやりこんで、段々自信がついてきた。1文をしゃぶりつくすくらいまでやれば、いつの間にか頭のぐちゃぐちゃとおさらばできるはず。とにかく嘘の自信でもいいから、頭がぐちゃぐちゃにならない状態を取り戻そう。早稲田の教育と商は5割いくかいかないかくらいを現時点でとれているのなら間違いなく遅れはとってない。でも、教育も商も英語の難化が顕著で、最新の過去問を解くときはメンタルがやられないようにしてほしい。中央と明治は6割台にのっているのは素晴らしいから、何度も言うけど自分がやってきたことを信じよう。国語と日本史が得意なら英語は7割乗ればメンタル安定なんか関係なく確実に受かる。最後に、ひなさんは今までの努力がプレッシャーに変わるタイプの子だと思う。でもその誘惑を断ち切った努力の1年を信じてあげてもいいと思う。焦りと恐怖で勉強が手につかないかもしれないけど、この一年で大きく人生が変わる。頑張れ！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶文の英語について。設問に関係ない箇所が読めないのは危険でしょうか？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"文章の意味は辞書引かなくてもだいたいわかるぐらいでした。設問以外の箇所はわからない単語があってもそこまで詳しくは調べずに解いていました！（設問に影響することはそんなにないと思いました）\n\nただ私の場合は合格者の中でも相当上位に入る英語得点だったと思われるので、おそらく設問部分が試験時間以内にきちんと解けるなら大丈夫だと思います！\n\n理想は文構造をいちいちとらなくても全体像を把握できるようになること（最後の設問はたしか文章全体の要旨を踏まえるとかでしたよね？）ですが、設問に答えられるなら問題はないです！\n\n英語を得点源にしたいのなら少し問題があると思いますが、他の歴史や小論文などができるなら問題ないと思いますよ！\n\n試験時間中にそれなりの回答を作れることが大事です！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"ここからどうすればいいですか。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"文法や単語をどれだけ知っていても長文で活かせなければ、早慶における入試では意味がないと言っていいでしょう。より多くの長文に触れ、分からなかったところを分析し、次に活かしてみてください。正誤問題ならどこの箇所で間違えたのか、空欄問題ならどこから解答の根拠を導き出せたか など参考書に書いてある解説をただただ読んで理解した気になるのではなく、より踏み込んだ読解を心掛けてみてください。他の人には気づかなかった新たな視点や考えが一個の長文から生まれることもあります。私は単語や文法は3年の夏までに完璧にしたので、夏以降は月1くらいのペースで復習をしていた程度です。それ以外は全て読解問題に時間を注ぎました。人によりけりですが、長文演習を行う前に精読の勉強をした方がいい人もいると思います。というのも、長文はあくまで短文の塊に過ぎないからです。その短文さえ読めなければ、長文は決して読めるようにはなりません。短文でよくわからない文章が多かったらぜひ精読の勉強を挟んでみてください！ 成績アップできるといいですね！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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