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1a:Tb7d,過去の解答のコピペですが、貼っておきます。
-------------------------------------------------

塾講師をしていて感じた、現代文ができない時の原因を羅列しておきます。まずはそれらを潰しましょう。

①語彙力、背景知識不足
→これが一番多い原因な気がします。漢字は解けても、文章にある語句の意味を正確に理解してないってことが多いです。(例えば、パラダイムとか帰納、演繹、ア・プリオリとか)語句の意味がわからないと、文章の意味を掴めないばかりでなく、選択肢中にある言い換え表現もうまく掴むことが出来なくなってしまい、それが原因で選択肢を選び間違えるということが起こってしまいます。

また、背景知識に関してです。これは英語にもよくあることなのですが、例えばルネサンスがテーマの文章が出てくると、世界史選択の目線としてはなんとなくどのようなパターンの結論を導くか予想できます。

このように背景知識のあるなしは現代文の成績に繋がると言えます。

②傍線部周辺の情報に囚われすぎている
→現代文において、問題になっている傍線部周辺に答えがある可能性は高いです。

しかし、必ずしもそうとは限りません。

特に共通試験やセンターの問題は「ここまでの内容を正確に読み取れているか？」という内容の問題ばかりです。なので、「答えを拾う」作業よりは、「該当箇所までの段落の趣旨は何なのか」を掴むことの方が正しい回答に直結します。

傍線部周辺だけを見ていると、まさに「木を見て森を見ず」状態になってしまう訳です。

以上の2つが非常に多いです。というか、この2つができれば、現代文はできると思います。

なので、以上の2つを意識して取り組んでください。その際はがむしゃらに量をこなすのではなく、復習に時間をかけてください。

「この文は全体で何が言いたいのか」

「どのような技法(対比とか)が使われているのか」
「なぜこの選択肢は違うのか」
「どこを直せばこの選択肢は正しくなるのか」
「なぜここから意味を読み取れなくなってしまったのか」

などをしっかり理解できるまでが復習だと思っています。

上記の2つの原因を潰す際におすすめの参考書も書いておきます。
①の原因→Z会のキーワード読解
②の原因→現代文読解力の開発講座
が個人的にお勧めです。

上記①②の原因を潰してから、レベル5以上や過去問を取り組むことをお勧めします。

それではがんばってください！1b:Tcbb,東京大学文科一類の1年生(男)です。
質問者さんが受験本番の試験形式をどのくらいご存知なのか分からないのですが、東大の二次試験では小説文は出題されません。評論と随筆のみです。随筆と小説は似ているようでいて別物なので、随筆の話はここでは割愛させていただきます。
つまり、小説対策となると、共通テストにターゲットを絞ることになります。
自分は最後のセンター試験世代で、共通テストがセンターからどう変わるのか今ひとつ把握できていないところもあるのですが、記述問題の導入がなくなった以上は基本的にさほど変わらないと思います。センターでは、小説を読んでいるときに多少感情移入してしまう節もなくはなかったのですが、基本的には本文中の根拠を客観的に掴み、その上で選択肢にチェックをかけて正解を選ぶだけで点数は取れます。極端な表現のものは大概ダミーの選択肢、などの定石はよく聞かされるかもしれませんが、結構厄介で怖いのは「本文不在の根拠」や「因果関係の歪み」です。どこにも書いてないのに「ああ、そうかもな」とうっかり考えてしまう選択肢は要注意です。本当にそうか？と全てを疑う気持ちで。100人が見ても誰もが「ここの部分はこれしか解釈のしようがないでしょう」と言える選択肢でないと、基本的に正解になり得ません。
ここで、「筆者の考え」で読むのにはどうすれば、という質問でしたが、結局大事なのは「出題者がどう考えているか」です。筆者自身が作問しているわけではないので、極端な話、問題を解く上では筆者の意図などあまり関係ないのです。出題者とは、万人が文章を解釈してもここに関しては同じ解釈になるはずだから、万人の解釈を代表する、そんな代表者なんです。でも選択肢を見てから考えると結構ダミーに惑わされるのも事実です。選択肢を見る前に、自分なりの答えを本文中から考え、それから選択肢を見ましょう。そうすることで、客観的な読解を心がけて下さい。自分自身も、高1の時点でセンター国語が72/200点だったのが、本番ではこのやり方で186/200点まで伸ばせました(最後の方の模試では195/200だったこともあります)。苦手を得意にするにはこの解き方がベストだと思います。
2つ目の「因果関係の歪み」も意外と盲点ですね。そもそも時系列がおかしかったりしても、本文を全て読んでから問題を解くと、意外と選択肢に騙されて記憶があやふやになります。これも独りよがりにならないよう、しっかりと本文を読み返して下さい。
東大対策は時間がかかるので、高1からの着手は決して早すぎることはありません。先手必勝の受験で、合格を勝ち取って下さい。ご健闘をお祈りしています。1c:T17f0,私は今国語の塾講師をやっています。中学、現役の頃にはあんなにできなかった国語を。ただ、ある時、気付きのターニングポイントが自分にはあって、それからみるみる成績が上がっていきました。

今も講師をやっていて思うのですが。
私たちはやたらめったら「解ける」ことに主眼を置きがちです。他の科目の性質である“得点”を意識しがちです。

しかし、国語は読書となんら変わりのない教科です。そして読書には得点は絡みません。

つまり私が言いたいのは、解くことを一回やめてほしいということです。

国語という教科は第１関門に「読む」があり、第２関門に「解く」があります。すなわち、読めないと解けないようにできてるし、問題作成者も読めないような所にフォーカスを当てて設問を練ります。我々の読解力で読み解けるレベルに応じ、得点が出るように適宜問題の難度を並び替えつつ。全部同じレベルの問題を出してしまうと、しっかりとしたデータ集積がてきないので。

そして、ある程度意義がわかったところで本題に移ります。

文章は英語と同様、小さな単位から大きな単位まであります。語→文→段落→意味段落→文章の順に。しかしながら我々は日本語であるという理由だけに、英語は下から学習していくのに対し、国語はいきなり文章に飛びついてしまいます。

まずは、語から考えます。大学入試レベルともなると語彙力は高校入試よりはるかに上回ります。そこで概念などを一通り学べるよう、単語集を英語と同様にやっていきます。
・現代文キーワード読解[改訂版]
・ことばはちからダ!現代文キーワード―入試現代文最重要キーワード20 (河合塾SERIES)
・入試漢字マスター1800  (河合塾シリーズ)
と言ったものがオススメです。ちなみに、漢字も入れてありますがキーワードと漢字の参考書１冊ずつ完璧にするのが理想です。漢字問題集は漢字の設問を解くだけでなく、文章中に出てくる語彙の対策にもなるので甘くみてはいけません。

ここまでで、語は制覇できました。第１段階です。
第２段階として、今度は語が集まってできた文、文が集まってできた段落、段落が集まってできた文章へとフォーカスしていきます。
文と文、段落と段落については
・田村のやさしく語る現代文―代々木ゼミ方式
・現代文と格闘する (河合塾シリーズ)
と言ったものがオススメです。多分、こうやって言うと「解かないって言ってたやん！」とかツッコミ受けそうなのですが、この二冊は基本的に解くことに主眼を置かれてなく、読めているかどうかのチェックの問題がついてるだけで、実際の入試では到底出ないような問題です。

ここまでであらかた完了しているのですが、さらに文章読解を深めていくために、段落と段落の関係、さらには段落が集まってできた意味段落と意味段落同士の関係をより明確にできるような力の養成に入ります。
・高校生のための現代思想ベーシック ちくま評論入門 改訂版 (高校生のための現代文アンソロジー・シリーズ)
・高校生のための現代文ガイダンス ちくま評論文の読み方 (教科書関連)
この二冊は完璧に入試問題がついていません。読むためチェックはありますが。
ただこの二冊は聖光学院という東大輩出率の高い高校が夏休み課題として採用しているもので、東大出身者に定評のあるものです。
この２つで文章というものにダイレクトに向き合い、１つの文章を分析する力を養い、かつコンパクト化できるようにします。
結局のところ、現代文ができるというのは、文章を一読し、流れを理解しつつ内容をコンパクト化し、その上で設問に取り組めるということです。
この参考書では文章を読んでその流れを自分で予備校の先生みたいにチャート化できるよう努めてください。

そして、仕上げとして
・現代文読解力の開発講座 (駿台受験シリーズ)
で自分で実際に文章の流れを把握し、コンパクト化できているかチェックしてみてください。

ここまでくれば読みはオーケーです。そしたら遂に解く領域に入ります。もちろん過去問でも構いません。ただ導入としてオススメなのが
・現代文私大対策プラクティス―設問から攻める! (駿台受験シリーズ)
です。一通りの私大の現代文を体感するのにぴったりです。あとは
・入試現代文へのアクセス 基本編 (河合塾シリーズ)
も解説が丁寧なのでおススメです。

国公立の問題が入っているような参考書もあるかと思いますが、記述で書けないのに選択肢で選べるわけないので。
記述で解答を考える際にポイントとなるものを多く含んでいる選択肢が正解なわけで。
ちなみに消去法なんかずっとやってたらいつまでたっても伸びませんよ。

すごいでしょ？こんなに読みの参考書があったのに解きの参考書の量が圧倒的に少ないのは。でもそれだけ読みが重要だということです。
ここまでで多く語り尽くしたようにみえますが、実際はもっと語りたいことがあります。これ以上長くしても見る気を削ぐだけなので。とりまえず自分でできるように方向性は示せたと思います。

ぜひ頑張ってください。

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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文の全体を踏まえた問題"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"１つ質問したいのですが。\n\n誰が国語を（1）から解かなければならない。と定義したのでしょうか？\n\n\nごめんなさい、多分ウザかったと思います。\nしかし、この訳もわからないステレオタイプが横行しているのが事実です。\n\n国語を解く際、必ずみなさんは【文章読む→設問解く】というふうにしています。\n\nしかし、それでは設問を解いていって、最終的に全体問題がでて、挫折してしまいます。\n\nなので。まずは設問から読みます。\n\n設問をざーっとながめて、解く順番を考えます。漢字問題や語彙問題は知っているか知らないかの２択なので文章読む前に片付けます。\n\nそして、全体の内容を解く問題→棒線部問題と順番を決めていきます。\n\nそのあと文章を全部読み、先程の順序通りに解いていけば、高得点がでるはずです。\n\nやってみてください"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"引き出し"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは☺️\n\n高校の現代文の解法を、「フィーリング」なんて、言葉で表すのは愚問です。\n\nといっても、中学時代に客観的な読み方や判断なんて誰も教えてくれないですもんね。特に小説なんてそうですよね。\n\n原則として、\n「本文中に書いてあること以外は絶対に書くな」\n「筆者の主張をつかまえろ」\n「キーワードを軸に読め」\nくらいですかね。\n\nよく言いますよね。\n「『筆者の考え、気持ちを答えろ』なんて無理じゃん」\nこの問いって、別にエスパーじゃなくても解けるんですよ。というのも\n「筆者の考え、気持ち」ってのは「本文を客観的に解釈した結果、筆者が読者にその内容を啓蒙、伝達したいと考えても差し支えない」と作問者が判断した内容のことなんですよね。\nだから、問題として客観的に読めば、書いてある内容でいいんです。もっと言うならば、丸々本文を抜き出すのが回答として1番オーソドックスになるんですよ。\n\n高1の質問者さんにはまだまだ時間があります。しかも、現代文を客観的に読めるようになることは非常に強いファクターになります。\n「田村のやさしく語る現代文」「船口のゼロから読み解く最強の現代文 (大学受験Nシリーズ)」\nこうした参考書を一読してみてください。\n視野が広がりますよ。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"[解き方]\n\n・本文を最後まで読み、内容と論旨を理解する\n・本文においての と−の把握をする(読みながらやる)\n・論と例を整理し、論の部分にはなんの話をしているのかをメモする(読みながらやる)\n\nここまでをしっかりやってから↓にいく\n\n・問題文を読み、問われてることは何かを理解する\n・選択肢から一致するものを選ぶ(しっかりと根拠を本文からとる、なんとなくではダメ)\n   \n[力の付け方]\n\n・予備校やスタディサプリ等で授業を受ける\n・入試現代文へのアクセスなどの参考書を利用して問題演習をして体にプロセスを染み込ませる\n・本文の要約をつくる(200字前後)\n・現代文キーワード読解などの参考書で語彙知識を増やす\n\n＊力をつける段階では解き方のところの\n「選択肢から一致しているものを選ぶ」の段階は\n「選択肢を読まずに本文を参考(根拠)に予定記述解答をつくる」というようにするのがおすすめです。また、人にそれを説明できるようにしてください。 \nそれが難しい場合は、選べない選択肢についてここが本文に反していて〜というふうに指摘できるようにしてください。それだけでもかなり違います。\n\nよければ試してみてください。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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