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1b:Te4d,こんにちは！私は理系ですが、昨年のセンター古典満点、東大２次国語53点の古典強ですので回答させていただきます。
自慢気に点数を並べましたが、実は私も浪人するまでは本当に古典が苦手でした。
古文は読み進めるほどに内容がずれていくし、漢文も分からない漢字が多くて止まってしまう……身にしみて分かります、全く同じ状況でした。

ご存知の通り古典は一般的に '点数が取りやすい' と言われています。
古典が点数を取りやすいというのは、他の科目と比べて "出る知識・パターンが限られているから、点数が安定しやすい" という意味だと思います。
よく '浪人生は古典で点を稼げ！' と言われるのもそのせいです。

古典に必要なのは、大まかに下の四つだと思います。

①十分な単語の知識
読み進めるほどに内容が分からなくなるのは、単純に分からない箇所が増えて推測では繋げなくなっていくからです。
出題者側は受験生が絶対知らない難単語を注釈なしで入れてくることもあるので、いくら勉強しても知らない言葉はきっと出てきます。
そんなときは推測するしかありませんが、その推測の精度を高めるものは知識量しかありません。
ここは地道に覚えていくしかないですが、必ず報われる部分でもあります。知ってる言葉が増えれば増えるほどに、文章の内容が理解できるようになり、推測も上手くいくようになります！

②基本文法の完全な理解
高校二年生で終わっているかもしれませんが、もしまだ不安があるというのであれば、この部分をしっかり詰めれば着実に出来るようになります。
古文の助動詞の判別などは自信を持って出来ますでしょうか？
また漢文は語順を理解することも、分からない漢字を推測する上で役に立ちます。語順を理解していれば、品詞が分かるからです！
文法に関しては、抜けている気がする と思うのであれば、せっかく夏休みですので薄めの文法書を一通りやってみて穴を探すのも良いと思います。
時間がなければ、日々問題を解く上で間違えた箇所や分からない箇所を調べて記録していくのも良いとおもいます。

③その時代の理解(背景理解)
志望校の出題傾向によっても変わるかもしれませんが、一般的に古典の文章というのは似通った展開が多いです。古文であれば恋愛だったり、漢文であれば諫言だったり、また故郷に帰りたい気持ちだったり、、
日々の学習でせっかく問題を解くのですから、出典について調べてみるのも良い勉強だと思います。

④問題に関する知識(パターン)
これは③と重なるところがありますが、問題を沢山こなしていくと 'またこの展開か！' と思う日が来ると思います。もう一つは、当たり前ですが問題文・注釈から得られる情報もフル活用して解くというのも大事です。


長くなってしまいましたが、古典の勉強についてポイントをあげました。高校二年生の夏休み、古典の知識量を増やすことに是非注力してください！必ず報われる日が来ると思います。
実りの多い夏休みになることを祈っています！1d:Tf9e,私も質問者さんと同じ悩みを抱えていました。
古典の得点が安定しないという問題は、おそらく文章のイメージがつかめない事が原因なのではないかと思います。文法がある程度わかっていても、文章自体の理解ができないと得点は難しい場面があります。逆にイメージがつかめると文法で分からないところがあっても、意外に分かったりします。

このイメージを持てるようになる事が、古典の得点安定の鍵なのではないでしょうか。

さてその学習方法ですが、私がやったことは文法の読解(古文は品詞分解、漢文であれば書き下し文の製作)と現代語訳の2つです。一つずつ説明していきます。

⑴文法の読解
まずイメージを掴むにはその文章からより多くのヒントを読み解かなくてはなりません。古典は時代背景、文化が私たちにとって身近なものではないので、読んでいてリアリティのあるイメージが湧かない時があります。そのような時に頼れるのは文法です。問題で出てきた文法は絶対に裏切りません。あくまで教科書に書いてある意味以外での読解を強いられることは稀です。センターレベルではほとんどないでしょう。文法はパターン化されていて、どんな文章でも同じですのでイメージが湧かない時は、この文法にヒントを探すことになると思います。

そのためには、古文の問題を解くことより文章に使われている文法を読み解く練習が必要です。
私が実践した方法は、まず古典の文章を用意します。そして、古文であれば品詞ごとに分けて活用形をその横に記す。漢文は有名な句形などを探したり、よく出る名詞も調べ記す。そして、意味の分からない単語があれば調べてそれも記しておく。これが私の文法読解の練習です。

⑵現代語訳
さて「現代語訳をするといい」と言われても、イメージが湧かないのを克服したいのに現代語訳はイメージが湧かないと無理じゃないかと思われるかもしれません。そうです。イメージがないと古典は読みづらいです。しかし、ここでやる現代語訳はイメージがない状況をどう克服するかの訓練のことを言います。
ここではイメージに頼らず、文法から分かることではどのように読み取れるのかをノートに書いていきます。翻訳ではなく、作業として「推量の助動詞だから、だろうと訳す」「反語だから、だろうか。いやない。と訳す」のようにシンプルな訳を当てはめていきます。教員に添削してもらうと尚良しです。自分では間違えることが多いので。
そして、正解とされる訳と自分の訳を比べます。そうすると、文法から読み取れる情報から飛躍した訳もあると思います。「なんでこんな風に読めるんだよ！？」みたいな文章も出てきます。ですが、文法的に読み間違えていたところもあると思います。前者はもう慣れていくしかないですが、後者は練習すればすぐに改善できます。この後者を徹底的に鍛えていくことで古文は安定してある程度読めるようになります。

最後に、その他古典の勉強法はいっぱいありますが、基本はこれで良いのではないかと思います。古典常識はこの学習を繰り返していくことで身につきますし、和歌の読み方もルールを覚えればこの方法で対応できます。

長文になりましたが、質問者さんの学習に役立てていただければ幸いです。ありがとうございました。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=WOHMtmcBTqPwDZPuGZ3O","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古文、漢文の成績の上げ方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",4,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"12/16 20:34"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-1","children":"【古文】\n\n古文に関してはとりあえず単語と文法。\n単語に関しては単語帳一冊を完璧にすれば大丈夫だと思います。ただ古文単語に関してはすぐに忘れてしまうので夏休み中に完璧にして2学期以降にもしっかりと触れていきたいです。覚え方としては、とにかく見る回数を増やす！単純ですが本当に大事です。1回1回覚えるつもりがなくても見る回数を増やしていけば自然と覚えていきます。もしくは音声学習も有効的です。CD付きの単語帳、もしくは自分のスマートフォンにその単語の意味を吹き込んでCD代わりにするなどの方法もあります。\n文法に関しては一冊文法の参考書をやるので充分。自分は参考までに河合塾出版のステップアップノートを使っていました。（灰色）私大、センター含めて難しい文法問題はそこまで出ない印象です。だからこそできないと差がついてしまいます。最低限はやっておくようにしましょう。\n最後に長文。長文読解には単語と文法以外にも背景知識が必要です。有名な作品（源氏物語や落窪物語）に関しては漫画を買って背景知識を入れていました。その他にも宮中の作りや武士のしきたりなど意外と重要ではないかと思われる背景知識が直接問われはしないものの読解においてキーワードになる場合があります。しっかりと背景知識は入れておきましょう。背景知識をしっかりと入れておくと文中の主語が誰なのかが一層分かるようになります。古文は文中の主語が誰なのかがとても重要ですので自分で長文読解の演出に取り組む際にも意識してほしいです。おすすめの問題集は旺文社出版の全レベル問題集③.④です。\n\n【漢文】\n\n漢文に関してはとりあえず1冊参考書を終わらせましょう！！自分は漢文早見表を使っていました。問題集に関してはセンターの過去問を使っていました。早大といってもそこまで難しい漢文の問題は出ないと思います。センターレベルがこなせたら対応できると思います。（早大で漢文が独立問題として出題されるのは文学部、教育学部だと思います。）\n\n\nあくまで参考までに！！そのほかで何か分からないことがございましたらお気軽にご相談ください〜〜"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文、単語と文法のあとはなにをやればいいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"そこまできたのなら古文・漢文で高得点を狙った方が良いと思いますよ！\n\nいわゆる基礎は固まっていると思います。\n\n\nおそらく質問者様の状況から察するに課題は2つあります。\n\n①英語の精読のような1文をしっかり訳す経験の不足\n②問題演習不足\n\n\nこの2つを丁寧にやれば、基本的には読解力は向上すると思います！\n\n①は学校の古文・漢文の授業でやっているようなもので、1文ずつしっかり品詞分解して、これはどういう品詞で、活用形は何で、意味は何でと丁寧に分析していきます。そして、その判断にはきちんと根拠が言える必要があります。題材は何でもいいです。学校の教科書でも問題集でも何でもいいので丁寧にやれるかどうかがミソです。\n\n②については特になく、ひたすら問題演習をしてください。\n\n漢文においても同様です。\n句法をしっかり覚えたのなら①②をやってみてください！\n\n\n以上になりますが、参考にしていただければ幸いです！\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文漢文の点数の上げ方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\nまず古文は単語と文法から始めるのが大切だと思います！\n古文が本当に嫌いで苦手だという人におすすめの古文単語帳は古文単語ゴロゴです！（古文単語ゴロゴプレミアムがおすすめです。）これはその名の通りゴロで覚えれられるので古文の苦手意識をかなりなくてしてくれます！単語数もかなり多くのっていて早稲田、上智の古文まで十分一冊で対応できます！！\n\nもしゴロが嫌であれば読んでみて覚える古文単語315がいいと思います！語源からしっかり説明してあって正統派の古文単語帳って感じです！\n\nどちらも利点と欠点があるのでそれを見極めて使ってみてください！！\n\n次に文法ですが本当の基礎からであれば今YouTubeで元東進講師の吉野先生がただよびというチャンネルで授業をしているのでこれがおすすめです！吉野先生の声は呪文のように頭に入ってくるのでかなりいいと思います！！\nその次の問題集ではステップアップノートを使っていくもしくは時間がなければ古文上達基礎編で読解をやりつつ、文法の項目も丁寧にやっていくといいと思います！\nまた、敬語もただよびの吉野先生のスーパー敬語法という動画があるのでこちらもやると古文の基礎がある程度完成してくると思います！\n\n次に漢文ですがこちらは早覚え速答法orやまのやまがおすすめです！！その後はとにかく演習をすることが大切だと思います！！\n以下がおすすめのルートです！\n漢文早覚え速答法orやまのやま→センター過去問、共通テストの予想問題→過去問\n\nまた、漢文はある程度早覚え速答法で基礎を固めたらどんどん文章を読んで背景知識をつけていくことが大切です。そうするとある程度文章の展開も最終的には予測できるようになって文章が解けるようになっていくと思います！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）\n\nまた、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文漢文やってもできない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文漢文はなんとなくで読めてしまうので疎かにしがちですけど、しっかりとした対策が必要になります。基本的な勉強方法は、英語と同じだと覚えておいて下さい。単語を覚えて、文法を覚えて、あとはひたすら音読です。あなたはおそらく、音読が疎かなのと、覚えた文法の使い方がマスターできていないのだと思います。具体的なトレーニング法を以下に説明します。\n古文:助動詞の意味を全て覚えても、文中での助動詞の意味を識別できないと意味がありません。そのトレーニングは、「望月古典文法講義の実況中継」で行うことができます。単語はどの参考書でもそんなに変わりはありません。それで、音読トレーニングについてですが、これは「古文上達 基礎編」を用いて行うのが良いでしょう。音読するときには、きちんと日本語の意味を理解しながら読んでいきましょう。そうすると、あなたが英語を読めるようになった時と同じように、古文を自然に理解することができます。\n漢文:「早覚え即答法」は昔の漢文が簡単だった頃に対応している参考書なので、今の難化した漢文に対応するのは難しいです。なので追加の参考書として「センター試験必勝マニュアル」の漢文の構造について説明している章を熟読すると良いでしょう。その後には、Z会出版のセンター演習本:通称緑本 を用いて演習を重ねると良いでしょう。問題を解いたあとは、日本語訳を確認しながら音読です。この音読トレーニングコツコツ積み重ねていけば、読めるようになりますよ。あなたの受験の成功をお祈りしています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文漢文の勉強方法を教えてください"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\nやはり受験のためには定期テストの勉強だけではなくそれに特化した勉強が必要だと思います！\n\n以下がおすすめの参考書です！質問者さんは理系みたいなのでとにかく効率を求めて勉強していくのがいいと思います！！\n\n古文\n単語帳一冊（読んでみて覚える古文単語315orゴロゴプレミアムなど）\n\n文法書一冊（富井のはじめからていねいにor元東進の講師の吉野先生のYouTubeのただよびの授業動画）好みで選ぶといいと思います。\n\n敬語　ただよびの吉野先生のスーパー敬語法\n\n読解　\n古文上達基礎編\n\n古文はまずはとにかく単語と文法を完璧にしましょう。その次に敬語、読解と進んでいくのがおすすめです！\n\n漢文はまだ始めなくても十分ですがやるのであれ\nば漢文速答法がおすすめです！\n\nここまでできれば後は予想問題や過去問を高3の秋以降に解いていけばいいと思います！おすすめはZ会のものがおすすめです！！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）\n\nまた、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文・漢文の勉強"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"並行して良いと思います。\n現代文を含めて国語の勉強方針をお伝えします。\n是非参考にしてください。\n\n【現代文】\n読めなくなる原因として考えられる点は2点です。\n\n1つは筆者の独特な表現法によって理解にしにくいこと。\nもう1つは難易度の高い言葉が多用されていること。\n\n解決法として、まず前者においては頭で読解しようとせず、文章を図式化してみることです。\n\n比較されているのは何なのか、提示されたものに対して筆者はどう思っているのか、提示されたものをどう言い換えているのか、読んでわかる情報を図式化していくと文章の構造が見えてくると思います。\n\n\n後者については、やはり語彙力を少しずつ増やしていくことが最善の策だと思います。\n\n辞書でその都度意味を調べたり、現代文のキーワードを収録した単語帳を購入して勉強することになるでしょう。\n\n【古文・漢文】\n古文→古文単語と文法を仕上げておく。\n\n古文単語については1冊しっかり覚えて、文法については品詞、意味、接続、活用形等をしっかり理解する。理想としては、1文をみて自分で正確に品詞分解できるレベル。\n\n漢文→句法をしっかり覚える。その上で、古文と同様に1文の品詞分解をできるレベルに持っていきたい。\n\n\n上を是非参考に勉強を進めていただきたいです。\n\nこれらをしっかりやり込めたら、問題演習などが中心になるかなと思います。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"国語の勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"【古文】\n単語と文法が命。単語帳(300語程度のもの)を1冊完璧に覚えて、文法についても品詞と活用表、そして意味と接続をしっかり覚える。これをバカにすると古文の成績はいつまで経っても上がらない。\n\nこの2つがしっかり覚えたら、1文を丁寧に品詞分解して訳すという練習をやり込む。\nやりすぎなくらいやった方が良い。\nステップアップノートで文法知識を確認しながらやってみると良いと思う。\n\nその後は、文章問題に入る。はじめは Z会の古文上達基礎編読解と演習45から入ると挫折しない。\n\n【漢文】\n句法が中心。とにかく句法をしっかり覚えないことには、太刀打ちできない。その後は、漢字の意味や読みを覚えていくと良い。これもステップアップノートで確認しながらやっていくと効果的。おすすめの参考書は漢文のヤマのヤマである。\n\n句法と漢字の知識が入ったら、基本的には問題演習に入るべきである。スタートは Z会の漢文道場あたりから入ると良いと思う。\n\n\n基礎が固まったら、あとはひたすら演習を積んでいくことになる。問題数はある程度数をこなしてみるのも良いと思う。\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文と漢文の読み方がわからない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n質問者さんは理系ということで古文、漢文を最低限の労力で共通テストを解けるようになるような参考書を紹介します！\n\n⭐️ 古文おすすめ参考書\n\n単語帳一冊（読んでみて覚える古文単語315orゴロゴプレミアムなど）\n\n文法　富井の古典文法をはじめからていねいに\n\n文法はこちらの富井先生のがおすすめです！基礎の1から教えてくれるので入門書として適切だと思います！\n\n敬語　ただよびの吉野先生のスーパー敬語法という参考書\n\nこちらも非常にわかりやすく、呪文のように覚えられるのでおすすめです！\n\n読解　\n古文上達基礎編\n\n古文上達をやれば基礎の読解は大丈夫だと思います！\n\n古文はまずはとにかく単語と文法を完璧にしましょう！その次に敬語、読解と進んでいくのがおすすめです！\n\nこの参考書をやってあとは共通テストの予想問題や過去問を解きまくるのがいいと思います！\n\n⭐️ 漢文おすすめ参考書\n\n次に漢文ですがこちらは漢文早覚え速答法（共通テスト版）がおすすめです！！\nその後はとにかく演習をすることが大切だと思います！！\n\n以下がおすすめのルートです！\n漢文早覚え速答法→センター過去問、共通テストの予想問題\n\nまた、漢文はある程度早覚え速答法で基礎を固めたらどんどん文章を読んで背景知識をつけていくことが大切です。そうするとある程度文章の展開も最終的には予測できるようになって文章が解けるようになっていくと思います！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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