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1a:I[6549,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"CommentItemName"] 1b:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1c:T156a,まずは質問の中心的な内容の読解や和訳について回答した上で、以前私がまとめた英訳についての内容も付け足しておきます（英訳の考え方も、十分今回の質問の内容と関連してきます。） まずは読解や和訳ですね。 一つ目の課題としては、長文の読み方の改善かと思います。早慶の英語は長く、難しいのが多いので、最初から完璧に解ろうとしない方がいいです。一番おすすめの読み方は、まず軽く読む（例えば、段落の最初の１、２文と最後の文だけを読む）などをすることで、全体の文章の大筋を掴むことです。これを英語でskimと言います。それで大体内容がわかったら、設問を見ると、大概段落ごとに最初から内容把握を確認する選択問題がありますよね。あとは空欄補充とか。いずれにせよ、もう一度、精読する段階で、一緒にわかる設問は解いてしまいましょう。それで最後に全然わからない問題をもう一度文章を確認しながら解くというのが一番時間効率が良いです。この時間効率は読む速さもそうですが、理解度も格段上がるので、ひつじさんの言う、「問題に悩む時間」も減るかと思います。 二つ目の課題が和訳が意味がわからないものになってしまう、ということです。多分ひつじさんはなんとなく、文法もわかっていて、部分では訳せるけど全体で意味を統合するのが難しい、という悩みを抱えていると思いますが、その場合は、修飾節などを一旦取り払い、どこがメインの主語部分と動詞部分なのか、というところを徹底して行いましょう。 ここまでメインの回答ですが、あとは英語の理解の仕方で英訳の方法も参考になる（言い換えの技術など）と思いますので、貼っておきます。 東大受験生向けに当初書いたものですが、早稲田にも十分当てはまります（ただ、記述が早慶は少ないぶん、参考程度に読んでみてください） 東大英語で何よりも大切なのは「自然な英語」なのです。そのような英語を理解できるかを問うのが読解や和訳、そのような英語を書けるのかを問うのかが英訳や英作文です。 では、「自然」とはどういうことなのか、一つの例を使って説明しましょう。京都大学の2015年（東大の過去問をネタバレになるので避けています）の英訳の問題で、「パンがふくらむ」という箇所がありました。 「ふくらむ」は直訳をすれば、balloonあたりでしょうか。もっと直訳してexpand, inflateなどとしてしまうかもしれません。 これでは全く「パン」という文脈にあっていませんね。 では、パンがふくらむ時というのは発酵する時だから、「発酵」＝ fermentはどうだろう、と考えるかもしれません。これはballoonなどよりはマシですが、まだ三角です。 一番良い答えは「rise」です。ただ、これを知っている受験生はほとんどいないといいでしょう。 この例で伝えたいポイントは主に二つあります。 ①「全体」から見て自然な英語を使いこなそう！ ②わからない場合は「言い換え」 ①「全体」から見て自然な英語を使いこなそう！ 「ふくらむ」がballoonの時がいい場合ももちろんあります。では、どのようなワードチョイスをすべきかは文脈依存です。そのために多読・多聴が欠かせません。 もう一つここで重要なのが、大学受験の英語に難しい語彙は要らないということです。「rise」は中学生なら誰でも知っている単語です。ただ、これをこの文脈で使うという用法はほとんどの受験生が知りません。 ということは、英語の文章を読む際などには、今まで知らない単語を覚える、ということももちろん大切ですが、それ以上に「今まで知らなかった使い方」を身につけるということが圧倒的に大切です。 簡単な語彙こそ多様な用法を持ち、自然な場面で用いるのが難しいのです。 ②わからない場合は「言い換え」 ほとんどの受験生はこの問題を見た時、「rise」という単語を思いつかなかったでしょうか。その際に、点数を少しでも稼げた受験生はたぶん「言い換え」をしていたはずです。 つまり、「ふくらむ」では訳せそうに無いのであれば、「発酵」(=ferment)としてみたり、もっと攻めて「大きくなる」(=get larger)などとして見た方が、balloonと投げやりに直訳するよりよっぽど点数は残るはずです。 普段英訳などをする際、ピッタリの単語が思いつかない際、多くの受験生は、「これと同じ意味の英単語なかったっけな」と考えます。もちろんこれで思いつくのならいいですが、多くの場合無理です。 そこで大事なのが、「これと同じ意味の日本語って何かな」という発想を常に持つことなのです。 2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=WJAZVmEBEoAxXtWx1Wes","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"和訳は慣れか。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",3,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"2/2 19:39"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"NT","infoString":"高2 茨城県 京都大学経済学部(66)志望","adviceId":"WJAZVmEBEoAxXtWx1Wes"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"京大、東北大志望の高2です。\n単語、文法、解釈の勉強をほとんど終えたので、和訳の練習をしているところなのですが、解釈的には合っていてもどこか不自然な日本語になってしまいます。(名詞構文などの訳し方は個人的に工夫しているつもりです。)\nこれはある程度演習を積むことで慣れる必要があるのでしょうか。無生物主語は〜などのルールを覚えてもやはり対応できない部分というのは出てくるなと感じたので質問させていただきました。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_wKaNvZf8fkvQhTS1.jpg?alt=media&token=9f4d2446-0990-4153-9095-95f573ce74c3","adviserName":"kkxyxz","adviserDepartment":"東京大学理科一類","adviceId":"WJAZVmEBEoAxXtWx1Wes"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"慣れ、というのは確かに大きいです。\n\nしかし、なにも考えず演習を繰り返していても上達はしません。まずは模範回答の訳をじっくり読んで、見本にしましょう。自然な日本語で書かれた回答に触れておくことがとても大事です。\n\nまた、自分の訳を添削してもらうといいです。日本語が自然かは自分で判断するよりも他者に見てもらう方が断然正確なので、身近な人に付き合ってもらいましょう。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_wKaNvZf8fkvQhTS1.jpg?alt=media&token=9f4d2446-0990-4153-9095-95f573ce74c3","adviserName":"kkxyxz","adviserDepartment":"東京大学理科一類","adviceId":"WJAZVmEBEoAxXtWx1Wes","numberOfFan":674,"clipsAvg":11.931034482758621,"adviceRateAvg":4.625,"profile":"東京大学理科１類現役合格 物理化学、地理選択 大学では生物も勉強しています。\nメッセージでの個人的な相談も受け付けています。長めの相談でしたら、Skypeを使った通話もできます。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":["コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","$L18",null,{"adviceId":"WJAZVmEBEoAxXtWx1Wes"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":null,"contributorName":"NT","adviceId":"WJAZVmEBEoAxXtWx1Wes"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"NT","adviceId":"WJAZVmEBEoAxXtWx1Wes"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"2/2 19:43"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ありがとうございます！\nそうですね。なぜ間違ったかを客観視してそれを一つ一つ潰せるようにがんばります！"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/OU7OQ3gBTqPwDZPu_CF9","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應経済の和文英訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"れきさん\n\n和文英訳については、理解にあたって以下のプロセスがあると思います。\n1.書かれてある日本語の理解\n→書かれてある日本語が文法的にどういう構造になっているかを理解していなければそもそも英語には直せない\n例えば、「AとBのC」という文であれば、Cに所属しているAandBか、Aとは別にCに所属しているB、という二通りが考えられます。そこを理解できなければいけません。\n\n2.熟語や慣用句から、それと同義になる英語に当てはめる思考\n→知識を詰め込み、たくさんの慣用表現を英語で覚えておく必要がある。\n例えば、日本語で「〜しない限り」と書かれていれば英語でunlessなどが思いつかなければなりません。\n\n1については、もし日本語が理解できていなければ国語力が足りていないので、基礎的な現代文の勉強もする必要があると思います。そして、理解できていると思っていても意外と文法的に構造を把握していないこともあるかもしれません。AとBのCがいい例だと思います。\n\n2については、文法事項は当然のこと単語や熟語の知識も最低限は詰め込んだ方がいいです。日本語で「させる」と書かれていれば当然使役を英語でいい表せないなければ書けません。\n\nもし必要があれば、メッセージにて詳しくお答えします！\n長々と長文失礼しました。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語和訳やり方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"意訳はできた方がいいです。というのも、細かい内容を理解することよりも、大まかな内容を素早く読み込むことが求められる場面も多いからです。入試はその例で、かなりの量の文章を短時間で読むことが求められます。その際、1語1句訳していれば、かなりの時間ロスになりますので、意訳をすることが必要です。\n\n私が意訳していたのは大きく二つの場合です。\n①文中にわからない単語がある。\n②直訳したら変な感じになった。\n\n①の場合は、分からない単語を推測することが必要です。この推測する力はある程度の長文読解の訓練や、単語力の増量により身につけられます。例えば、分からない名詞があっても、元となる動詞の意味が分かれば、推測できることも多いです。\n\n直訳と意訳を使い分けられるようになるといいですが、そのためにも、ある程度、読解練習などで訓練していく必要があると思います。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 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mb-1","children":"・古文を勉強する際に意識すべきこと\n\n①助動詞、古文単語等の暗記物は抜かりなく\n→これらが曖昧だと読めるようになりません\n\n②敬語をしっかり理解すること\n→主語が省略されがちな古文において敬語を理解することで主語が把握でき、正確な読解に繋がります。\n\n③英語だと思った方が良い\n→これは主観的ではありますが、古文は現代語とは全く異なるものです。なので、日本語ではなく別の言語だと思った方がやりやすいと思います。例えば、「已然形＋「ば」はbecause的なもの」「反実仮想のましかは仮定法のifみたいなもの」といった理解をしていました。\n\n④重要なのは品詞分解\n→全文訳をするよりは、品詞分解をした方がいいと思います。\n\n食は/ばや/\nハ行四段活用の「食ふ」/未然形接続の終助詞ばや\n\nといった形です。打ち消しの「ぬ」と完了の「ぬ」ってありますよね？これらが文章でごっちゃになると、どっちだか分からなくなってしまいます。このように判別が難しい単語や助動詞をしっかりと区別するために品詞分解が重要になります(読解上も大切です)。英文解釈が重要なのと同じ要領ですね。\n\n・漢文を勉強する際に意識すべきこと\n\n①ある程度の古文の基礎力が前提\n→故にある程度古文をやってから漢文の勉強を始めるといいと思います。\n\n②大事なのは句形暗記\n→古文で助動詞が大切ならば、漢文の核は句形です。抜かりなく覚えましょう。\n\n③漢字と意味の暗記\n→「苟」や「況」といったように漢文独特の漢字が割とありますので、それらの意味も抑えましょう。古文単語みたいなものです。\n\nおすすめの参考書の流れは\n\n・古典文法基礎ドリル(河合塾のオレンジのやつ)\n↓\n・古文上達基礎45\n↓\n・漢文早覚え即答法\n\nです。\n\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應経済の和文英訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"慶應経済を受験したものです。\n赤本の解答はあくまでも模範解答ですので、それ通りにする必要もありません。\n基本的に注視すべき点は、\n・単語、熟語は間違っていないか？（スペル等）\n・構文、文法的に間違っていないか？（3単現や時制）\n・和文にある要素全てを組み込んでるか\nの3点です。\n上2つに関しては、ネイティブや英語の先生などに添削してもらって下さい。\n\nそして質問者さんが悩んでいるのは最後の項目のところでしょう。\n①、②に共通して言えることですが、日本語とバッチリフィットさせるという発想を捨ててみてください。\n例えば｢部活をやめる｣→「部活に参加しなくなる」というように単語選びが怖くなったらゴッソリ解釈を変えてしまって大丈夫です。自分も受験期にここまで内容を変えていいものなのかと戸惑いましたが、採点者が主に見てるのは単語・文法などのミスの有無ですから自信を持って変えちゃいましょう。\n\nおすすめの参考書は過去問が一番ですね。慶経の和文英訳は中々癖が強いので、市販の参考書では本番戦える力は身につけられないでしょう。とにかく添削してくれるパートナー的存在に依存しながら、何度も何度も書きまくってみてください。\nただ基礎的な和文英訳の力をつけるということでしたら、今までやってきた文法書の和訳を見て、自分で英訳してみるという学習法もあります。この勉強法は自分がやり込んだ参考書であれば特に効果が高いです。英作の力に加えて文法・構文の力もつきますから、そちらもぜひ取り組んでみてください。\n\n最後に度々言及したことではありますが、とにかくグラマーミスを注意してください。解釈が少し違うのと、グラマーミスとでは後者の方が圧倒的に失点に繋がりますから、難しめの文で攻めようとせず、無難に確実な文を書いていってください。\n\n長くなりましたが、応援しています！\n頑張って下さい！日吉で待ってます！！\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"日本語訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"確かに、慶應文学部の英語は、日本語訳の問題が多いですよね💦\n日本語訳の問題を解く上で大切なことは、英文の構文を正しく理解することです。\n構文を誤解して解いた場合は、変な日本語訳になってしまいますし、採点の際も構文は絶対的なものだも思います。\nもちろん、日本語訳の問題をたくさん解いて慣れることも重要ですが、構文解釈の勉強も、日本語訳の力を増幅させるためにとても大切なことです。\n僕は早稲田は受験せず、慶應文学部一本でしたが、読解力養成用の参考書では、日本語訳の問題には特に注力し、細部の表現まで先生に質問をして、納得のいくまで日本語訳に拘っていました。また、構文解釈・和訳の勉強として『ポレポレ 英文読解プロセス50』という参考書をやりこみ、3周ほど解きました。もう、ご使用されているかもしれませんが、この参考書、早慶を目指す受験生には、かなりおすゝめです❗️\n超長文の読解力の強化を始め、構文解釈の勉強に特に力を注ぐこと、日本語訳の問題をたくさん解くことは、慶應文学部を目指す者として欠かせません。複数の意味から、文意にあった意味を選ぶ力、よりスムーズな日本語で表現する力なども、意識しながら勉強してみてください。\nコツコツと真面目に取り組めば、必ず力がつきます！大丈夫、これからです。應援してます！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文を意味の通った日本語に訳すことができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です。\n\n単語を知っていて、文法も理解しているのに意味不明な日本語訳を作ってしまうと原因としては、現代文が苦手ということが考えられます。そもそも日本語の意味がよく分かっておらず、英語から訳してみたところで、自分でかみ砕けないのかなと。\nもしそうであれば、英単語を少しわかりやすい日本語に変えることをお勧めします。このやり方は私が受験生の時に、塾の先生から教わりました。簡単な例を出すと、例えば「画一的な雰囲気のある」というより、「同じような雰囲気のある」と訳したほうが、ちゃんと理解できている感じがありませんか？単語帳に載っている日本語訳ってどうしても固いというか、漢語調なことが多いので、自分なりに変形してみるのも効果的だと思います。また、もし結構な英語力があるなら、英英辞典を利用してみるのも一つの手です！割と易しめの英語で構成されていることが多い(難しい単語を使って説明すると、それもまた調べなくてはいけない)ので、英語力もつき一石二鳥かもしれません！\n少しでもお役に立てたらうれしいです。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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