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例えば、りんごがあるとします。この場合、りんごという言葉が先にあるのではなく、りんごその物が先にあって、それにりんごという名前をつけますよね。 ある日本人は、りんごを見てりんごという名前をつけます。あるイギリス人は、りんごを見てappleという名前をつけます。 だから、物を表す言葉の場合は、大体英語を日本語で表すことができます。どうしてかというと、りんごだろうが、appleだろうが、同じあの赤くて甘い果実のことをさしますからね。 ミカンとか、橋とか、塔とか、家とか、そういった現実に存在する物を表す単語は、英語を日本語で表すことができます。 厄介なのは、概念を言葉にしている場合です。 例えば「increase」という英単語について、増加する、高まる、増殖する、強まるなどたくさんの意味が存在します。 逆も同じです。 例えば「上がる」という日本語単語を英単語で言おうとすると、go up, rise, getなどたくさんあります。 りんごはapple一つだけだし、みかんはorange一つだけだし、houseは家一つだけだし、bridgeは橋一つだけなのに、概念単語となると意味がたくさん生じます。 ですから、物を表す単語を覚えるときは、1つ日本語訳を覚えるだけで結構です。 概念単語を覚えるときは、その単語の「原義」を覚えるようにしてください。 先のincreaseの例でいうと、増加する、高まる、増殖する、強まるのすべてに「増える」イメージが共通しているということです。 つまり、increaseという単語は「増える」という概念を単語にしたものであって、それを日本語という枠組みに当てはめると、増加する、高まる、増殖する、強まるなどになる、ということです。 だから、まず最初に原義を覚えて（辞書で調べると載ってます）、次に派生意味がその原義に関連していることを印象付けておけば（高まるは、力を増やしてるイメージ、増殖するは、仲間を増やしてるイメージなど）、実際に覚えきれていなくても、英語長文などでその単語が出てきたときになんとなく文脈で理解できるようになります。 それが英語を英語で理解するということです。 ですから、その単語カードの意味が原義である限り、派生意味は覚える必要はありません。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"トルエンは｢トルーバルサム｣という木から単離されたのでこう名付けられました。\nキシレンはギリシャ語の｢木｣という意味の単語から由来しています。\nm-キシレンはキシレンのメタ型だからです。ギリシャ語を話せるのなら覚えやすいですが、普通は話せないでしょうから、覚えるしかないというのが現状です。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_u3Bxw6wuTO0YhzpO.jpg?alt=media&token=1e122650-c910-4fc1-b21a-ba1a63468358","adviserName":"ソルティ2000","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学医学部","adviceId":"WFuFBmQBp00JfyF5IfjK","numberOfFan":74,"clipsAvg":5.651162790697675,"adviceRateAvg":4.714285714285714,"profile":"慶應医学部\n\nセンター試験 838/900 (物化選択・地理選択)\n\n東大理系・阪大理系の対策もしてたんで、そこら辺も分かります。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":["コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","$L18",null,{"adviceId":"WFuFBmQBp00JfyF5IfjK"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs p-4","children":"コメントで回答者に感謝を伝えましょう！相談者以外も投稿できます。"}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/dw1CgmoBTqPwDZPu43m1","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"化学基礎からが全くわからない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\n\nmolの計算がよくわからない為に、その後の計算(中和やph、電池の問題など)も解けないという推測のもとに回答しますね。そうではなく、単元ごとに意味のわからない部分があると言うことであれば、個別にご質問なさると良いと思います。\n\nまず、モルを難しく考えすぎてはいないですか？\n6.02×10^23個＝1 mol にしよう！と決めただけです。12個で1ダースと同じですね。\nそして、同じ原子を6.02×10^23個集めると、[その原子の原子量]g になります。\n同じ原子を6.02×10^23個集めたときの重さ、といちいち書くのは面倒なので、モル質量と呼びましょう。単位は1molで○gを分数にして g/mol ですね。\n\n炭素の原子量が12とします。いま、炭素が24 gあります。炭素の原子は何molありますか？ 簡単ですね、2 molです。個数でいえば2×6.02×10^23個ですね！\n(分子の時は少し気をつけて下さい。水素の原子量を1とします。水素ガスが4 gあります。このとき水素原子は4 mol存在しますが、水素ガス(分子)は2 molです。)\n\nこのくらいは分かってる！とお思いかも知れませんが、mol計算が苦手な方は単位変換が苦手な印象です。計算の時、単位同士も掛け算、割り算していますか？ もっとハイレベルな部分でわからないと言うことでしたら申し訳ありません…\n\nmolができれば、phや化学式も解けるはずです。\n電気分解などは多少慣れが必要ですが、一個の原子から何個の電子が出るのかを知っていれば後は比の計算ですから、こちらも大丈夫だと思います。\n\n最後に参考書ですが、私自身はあまり役に立ったと思えたことがありません。読んだ時は分かった気になるのですが…。結局、自分の言葉で説明できるように頭を使って理解するしかないと思います。参考書はその補助に使うものだと考えて、頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"無機を効率よく覚えられるようになるには"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"ざっくりと理論体系が頭に入っているならば、細かいところは頑張って覚えるしかないと思います。\nただ、「今、自分が暗記していることはどの枠組みの中か」ということは意識した方が良いです。\n例えば、\n\n　1.Cl-はAg+, Pb2+などと沈殿する\n　2.硫化鉄に希硫酸を作用させると硫化水素が発生する\n　3.NO, CO, H2, O2, N2, CH4などは水上置換で補集する\n\nという知識は暗記必須ですが、\n\n　1は金属イオンの検出に使う反応\n　2は酸・塩基反応を利用した気体の製法\n　3は気体の補集法\n\nというように枠組みを意識することで、知識は整理されて覚えやすくなります。\n\n\nあとは語呂合わせなどを用いて頑張って覚えてしまうと良いです。個人的な意見ですが、東進一問一答シリーズの化学は、重要な知識が網羅されており、語呂合わせなどの暗記しやすい工夫がされているのでお勧めです。私は抜けている知識の確認用として使っていました。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英検準一級、一級レベルの単語"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"シス単、速単が完璧になっているならば、次は語源から単語を学習するのはどうでしょうか？\n私は鉄壁を使っていました。分厚くて最初は気後れしてしまいますが、覚えやすいですし、下地があるならガンガン進められると思います。\n私が単語を語源から学習することをおすすめするのは、単語を複数個関連付けて覚えることが出来る上に、知らない単語が出て来た時に意味を推測しやすくなるからです。知らない単語は早慶レベルならば必ず出て来るので、効果的ではないかと思います。\nまた、鉄壁は語源で学習することに加えて、似た意味の単語は大抵同じセクションに載っているので、ニュアンスの微妙な違いがわかりやすくなっています。これが英作文を書く時に役立ちました。説明も丁寧で、ニュアンスが掴みやすいように入っている挿絵がとても効果的です。また冒頭にどのように勉強するべきかしっかり書いてあるのがポイント高いです。東大対策の単語帳という名目で売られてはいますが、中身が偏っているわけではないのでその点は心配ありません。\n語源からの学習、ぜひ一度考えてみてください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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mb-1","children":"古文単語は、一つの単語でも色々な意味があって覚えづらいし、仮に英単語のように機械的に訳を暗記したとしても、それを実際の文章で応用しづらいと言う難点があります。なので、その単語の成り立ちなどに目を向けて、なぜそのような意味になるのかを深く考えることが、古文単語を覚えるに当たっては重要になってきます。例えば、「はか」というのは「捗」を意味し、すなわち「物事の進捗」を表します。したがって、「はかばかし」と言う単語は「捗々し」となり、「進捗に進捗を重ねる様子」＝「これといった障害もなく物事がうまく進んでいる様子」から転じて「てきぱきしている」といった意味をとり、またそこから「しっかりしている」、「頼りになる」という意味にも転じます。すると、「はかなし」はこれの逆で「捗なし」ですから、「物事がうまく進んでいる様子のない状態」を表すことになり、「てきぱきしていない様子」から転じて「頼りない」や「取るに足らない」を意味するようになります。このように、その単語の成り立ち等に目を向けてみると、なぜそのような意味になるのかがわかるので、頭に入りやすいです。なので、古文単語を覚える際は、ぜひこうした過程で覚えてみてはいかがでしょう。こういった単語の成り立ちなどが解説されている単語帳として、私が使っていた『春つぐる頻出古文単語480』（河合塾）をお勧めします。語呂合わせで覚えることは考えることを放棄した手段なので、個人的にゴロゴはあまりお勧めしません。「あいなしではつまらない」という字面を覚えるくらいなら、「あいなし」はどんな成り立ちで、なぜそのような意味になるんだろうということに目を向けた方が頭に入りやすいと思います。実際、受験を終えて1年以上経つ私ですが、案外覚えているものです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"構造決定について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"構造決定ということですが、難しい分野ですよね。有機化学の勉強についてですが、官能基の特性は全部覚えましょう。その際に、カギとなるキーワードと一緒に覚えてください。また、構造決定の解法のフローチャートなど考えてみるのもよいと思います。構造決定の問題は以下の通りに進みます。\n１．元素分析にて水素、酸素、炭素の原子数比を計算で出す\n２.　条件から分子式の推定\n３.　加水分解、銀鏡反応、フェーリング液の還元反応、匂い、ヨードホルム反応、けん化、エステル化、酸化還元、色などのキーワードから官能基を推定\n４.　飽和脂肪酸か不法脂肪酸かなどから結合の種類、芳香族化などの形の推定\n５.　光の旋光性などから立体の鏡像異性体なども考えてみる\nざっとこんな感じでしょうか。基本、構造決定は有機化学の総まとめであるので、すべての知識が総動員されるため差が付きやすく重い問題が多くみられます。そのため、教科書の反応機構を基本すべて暗記してインプット、アウトプットがスムーズにできるように練習してください。ここが割とすべてです。これなしでは何もできません。\nこれができるようになったら、演習をどんどん積んでください。東北大学なら、問題も凝った構造決定を題材とするものが出てきます。しかし、どれも基礎の重ね合わせなので一つ一つ条件を確定させていけば、そこまで難しいと感じることはないと思います。問題のひっかけや、新しい設定などに惑わされないで、解くことになれる練習をしてください。こればかりは練習量です。同レベル体のほかの旧帝大の過去問を利用することもよいでしょう。また、有機化学の問題は、ある程度練習を詰めればほぼ確実に解けるようになりますが、だいたい解くのに時間がかかるので早く解く練習もしてみてください。そこが化学の中でも最上位に難しい入試問題になりえるので、早く突破する力があったら、本番も安心して解けると思います。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"文系の化学基礎について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"初めまして。\n\n個人的には化学基礎はある程度覚える部分とそれを使って計算する部分があると思います。分野ごとに暗記と計算に分かれていますね。暗記する部分はどうしようもないので覚えてください。私の例ではありますが、覚える時には周期表の元素の写真や偉人の豆知識等を読みながらなるべく楽しく覚えるようにしました。化学基礎は語呂合わせもありますしね。\n計算部分は、ある程度出てくる問題はパターンになっています。センター試験でしか使わないと思うので、学校でやるセンター試験の問題集やマーク式の問題集などを解いてください。例えばmolの部分だと体積に変換したり質量に変換したり、化学反応式と絡めて出てきたりしますよね。他にも中和の部分だと中和滴定の実験におけるmol濃度などが出てきますね。なんでもいいのでたくさん問題を解いてある程度慣れてください。\n\n恐らくその点数だと(何点満点かは知りませんが)、基礎基本がなっていないと思われます。化学基礎は1問の配点が大きいので1問落とすだけで不合格、なんてことも有り得ます。その分点数を取れれば得点源に出来るということです。文系の人には化学基礎は取っ付き難いとは思いますが、結局暗記が半分なので苦手意識を捨て去ってください。満点を取って周りに自慢するぞ、などの自信付けで構いませんので頑張ってみてください。少し出来るようになったら後はひたすら復習です。\n\nまだ時間はありますので諦めずに頑張ってください。お求めの回答でなかったら申し訳ございません。応援しております。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"ほんとに化学がヤバい😭"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"おはようございます。\n\n文系の方ということで、化学基礎の内容について以下記述します。もし、化学基礎ではなく化学の方でしたらすみません。\n\n参考書について。私がオススメするものは理系向け(化学基礎と化学の両方載っているもの)になるのでご了承ください。『化学の新研究』『解法の焦点　理論化学編』\nただ、後者の方であれば文系の方で高得点を狙っている方にもオススメできると思います。\n\n学習法について。\n物質の構造(molの前まで)：この単元は知識問題です。覚えるのが中心となります。\n\nmol：molは単位です。みかんなどを一箱もらったという時、みかんなどを何個もらったというわけではないですが、たくさんもらったと容易に想像できることでしょう。それと同じように、原子はとても小さいので、炭素何粒子(何原子)というよりも炭素何molというわけです。\n\n化学法則：覚えてください。\n\n酸-塩基：中和の原理とどの溶液が強酸、弱酸、弱塩基、強塩基かは覚えてください。化学反応式は作れるようにしてください(覚えなくて結構です)。反応式を作る際は、生成される水に注目すると良いでしょう。中和反応する物質(例えば塩酸と水酸化ナトリウム)と与えられた場合に化学反応式が書けるようにします。\n\n酸化還元：酸化還元の原理とどの物質が酸化剤、還元剤かは覚えてください。あと、酸化剤や還元剤として働く物質の半反応式は覚えてください。イオン反応式や化学反応式は半反応式の組み合わせで作ることができます。\n\nこんな回答でよろしかったでしょうか。少しでも参考になれば幸いです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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