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目盛の間隔を正確に図示する必要はなく、それぞれの端の大小と、黒丸白丸があっているかが重要です。(黒丸の場合はその点を含む、白丸の時はその点を含まないことを表します。不等号に=が入っているかどうかの違いとも言えます。) 例えば、 p: x>1 q:x≦2 のように与えられていた時、右向きの数直線上に左から1と2の点を書きます。 pについては、x>1(つまり「xは1より大きい」)であることから、先ほど書いた1の点に白丸を書き、そこから右上がりに少し直線を書き、そこから右向きに直線を伸ばします。新幹線のような形になります。この形は、1の点を含まないことを表すもので、白丸と同じ意味ですが、ぱっと見で分かるように両方使います。また、この線がpであることをどこかに書いておいてください。 qについては、x≦2(つまり｢xは2以下｣)であるので、2の点に黒丸を書き、そこから真下に少し直線を書き、左向きの直線を伸ばします。こちらは、電車のような形になります。この形は、2を含むことを表すもので、黒丸と同じ意味です。こちらの線にも、qであることを書いておいてください。 このように、範囲を一つ一つ図示していくと、次のようになります。 _______________ p / 2 ---------○-----●------->x 1 | q --------------- これを見れば、「pかつq」や、「pまたはq」「p⇒q は真か偽か」はすぐに分かるはずです。たとえば｢pかつq｣なら、pとqが重なっているところなので、1