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1a:Td7b,
まあ、まずセンター国語はクセモノですよね。

基礎力云々じゃないと思います。

センター国語は、
「情報処理のテスト」だと思ってください。
たしかに、古典漢文は基礎力があると高得点を望めるんですが、これも何が書いてあるかの情報を素早く処理する能力が試されています。

センター国語で点数が伸びない場合は、何回も何回も練習して、短時間で情報処理を処理して答えを出せるように訓練するのが一番良いです。

解く順番としては、
古文→漢文→評論→小説
をオススメします。

受験生の大部分の人の解く順番がこれらしいです。
そして、例えば、古文が難しくて、ここに時間をかけすぎて点数が低くなってしまっても、他の受験生もそうなっている可能性が高いです。

もし、漢文→古文→評論→小説
で解いてたとして、漢文が難しく、古文が簡単だった時、周りの受験生は高得点取っているのに、eiさんが最初の漢文でつまづいてしまって、点数をあまり取れないって可能性があります。

少し分かりにくかったかもしれませんが、要は、他の受験生の解く順番に合わせた方が良いということです。

それと、目安の時間は
古文20分→漢文15分→評論20分→小説18分
で、あまりは見直し等です。

最初は、練習として、
古文・漢文で40分で解く。
評論・小説で40分で解く。
のように分けて練習した方が良いですね。


では、本題の小説について。

自分は、物語の本とかアニメとか大好きで、センター国語の中で、小説が一番得意でした。

小説の解き方は、評論と基本は一緒です。

傍線部分解→骨格作り→該当箇所の要素を探す
っていうのが基本です。

センター国語の場合、傍線部分解と該当箇所の要素を探すことです。
「それっぽいこと言ってるな〜」って思っても、該当箇所が少し違っているみたいなことが多々あります。その情報処理をいかに早くやるかが大切です。

それで、小説で少し特有なのは、該当箇所を探す時なんですが、

「小説内の全ての事象は必然であり、要素になりうる」ってことです。

どういうことかというと、
例えば、
「太郎君は彼女にフラれて悲しんでいて、外では雨が降っている」
っていうのは、現実世界では、太郎君が悲しんでいて、"偶然"外で雨が降っているだけです。

一方、小説内だと、
太郎君の悲しさを表現したいために、
作者が"必然的に"雨を降らしているんです。

この辺をしっかり理解できていれば、小説解くのが面白くなりますよ。

ジブリとか見込むと、こういう
「ちょっとした表現が持つ意味の基本的な解釈」
っていうのが、自然と備わっていくんです。が、さすがに高3ですからね…。
意識すればできることだと思うので、ぜひ意識してみてください。


センター国語が苦手な場合は、訓練が必要です。
逆に訓練すれば、できるようになります。

頑張ってください！1c:T1734,はじめまして。
とりあえず評論に限った話をします。小説についても聞きたいというときはメッセージでも構わないので、またお聞きください。

評論の問題を解くにあたって、読む段階と解く段階があります。それぞれ重要なことがあるので順に説明します。

まず読む段階について。
結論から言うと、評論を読むコツはメタ的な情報の流れを捉えることです。よく論理構造なんて言ったりもします。
評論文はその筆者の主張が書かれています。言い換えると、評論文はその筆者の言いたいことを伝えるために書かれています。ただ言いたいことをダラダラ書いても伝わるものも伝わりません。そこでいかに伝えるかが重要になってきます。ただ主観的なことを書き連ねるのではなく、より客観的で構造化されていた方が分かりやすく、そして何より説得力をうみます。
具体的に説明すると、論理構造とは反復と対比と因果に分けられます。反復とは、文字通り筆者の主張を繰り返し述べることです。人間大切なことほど何度も言います。それは評論文でも同じです。ただ注意が必要なのは、形を変えて反復されるということです。同じ文句をひたすら描き続けるだけの不気味な文章なんてないですよね笑。たとえ形を変えても同じことを一辺倒に言い続けても説得力は増しません。別の視点、すなわち別の対象と比較することでより主張の正当性を訴えることができます。これが対比です。主に問題としてでる文章には二項対比が多い印象です。その二項対比のパターンもある程度絞られるので、問題演習を通して経験値を蓄えましょう。そして因果ですが、「なぜそうなるのか」や「それはどういうことなのか」と言った部分を構造的に説明することで、相手が納得しやすくなります。今読んでいる文章はこの3つの内どれになるのか把握しながら読むことが、先に述べたメタ的に情報の流れを捉えることです。もちろんそれ以外の、単なる導入文や疑問文などの情報構造を持たない文も持ちます。それは注意です。
さて、練習の方法ですが、問題演習に限ると思います。初めは同じ文章(例えば模試の解き直しなど)を何回も読んで情報構造を理解しながら読む訓練をしましょう。慣れてきたら初見の文章でそれを実践します。初見の文章を1発で読み取れるようになれば、試験でもスムーズに読解ができます。正直時間は気にしなくていい(計らなくていい)と思います。時間感覚より先に確実に読み取れる力を身につけましょう。むしろ確実に1発で読むことができるようになれば、そんなに時間はかからないはずです。

次は解く段階について。
マーク式と記述式があると思います。でも実は本質的には両者に求められているものは同じです。
まず前提として、評論および現代文には採点基準があります。当たり前のことですが、意外と忘れがちです。なのであなた自身がどう思うかと言った主観的なことを書いても点数にはなりません(あなたが思うことを書きなさい、といった問題は別ですが)。本文を読んで、客観的に読み取れることのみが答案に反映されるべきであり、それが採点基準になります。
マーク式にしろ記述式にしろ問題になっている文章(傍線部)には抜けている部分があります。言い換えると問われている情報が必ずあります。どうやって見つけるかと言うと、その文を本文を読んでいない人に見せて分からない部分がそれです。例えば指示語。あなたは本部を読んでいるのでその指示語が何を指すのかは分かりますが、読んでいない人には分かりません。それを説明する必要があります。また論理的な飛躍もそうです。飛躍部分を、本文を読まなくてもわかるように説明してあげなくては行けません。そこで大切なのになってくるのが上の前提です。あなたが思ったことで説明するのではなく、本文中から客観的に読め取れる説明を持ってきます。その説明が必要な部分およびその説明が採点基準になります。
説明すべき点が既に明らかで、どの説明が正しいかを選択するのがマーク式であり、説明すべき点を自分で見つけ、説明の内容も本文から自力で探し出すのが記述式です。手間は違いますが、求められているものは同じです。
さて、練習の方法ですが、これも問題演習に尽きると思います。ただ読む段階と違うのは、問題を解く時よりも解説を読む時の方が大切です。マーク式だったら、他の選択肢ではなぜダメなのか、記述式だったら、説明しなくてはいけない点はどれか、正しく説明できているかをしっかりチェックしましょう。この経験を蓄積が、本番でのアプローチの引き出しを増やしてくれます。合っていたからそれでいいや、というのでは実力は付きません。

長々としてしまいましたが、以上です。もし気になることがあったら、またお聞きください。
今コロナで煩わしい思いをしているとは思いますが、頑張ってください！応援しています！！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=VMCX0mUBTqPwDZPueVdI","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"理系のセンター現代文対策"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",3,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"9/13 20:01"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-1","children":"私が1番お勧めしてるのは過去問をたくさん解く事です。\n私も最初は現代文が苦手でした。\n東進にも通っていたのですが現代文は覚える事がないから授業意味なくない？と思って全く講座を取っていませんでした。\n私は慶應早稲田の文系学部全ての過去問を集められるだけ集め、現代文は週に1題、小論文も週に1題解き、現代文の記述問題と小論文は学校の先生に添削してもらってました。\nまず時間を計って解き、次に時間を計らずに解き辞書で語句を補いながら満点を確信する解答にして採点し、間違えてた問題は解説を読まずにまた自力で解答の根拠を本文から探してきて最後に解説読んで自分の解答の根拠が合ってた確認するという勉強を徹底的に繰り返しました。\n最初は評論も小説も何のこっちゃ分からんわって感じだったんですが少しずつ早慶レベルの難解な評論、小説に慣れていき同時に語彙力も高まっていきました。\n高校の進路指導室にある早慶の赤本は全て解いたし志望順位の高い学部の過去問は古い赤本をアマゾンで仕入れて来てとにかく過去問を周回しました。\n高2の夏、偏差値40の状態から早慶の過去問解き初めて高3の夏以降は学部にもよりますが早稲田は8割以上安定し、マーク模試は評論小説合わせて1ミス以内が安定する様になりました。\n早慶オープンの慶應文の小論文は9割超えてました。\nただ参考書や問題集をやるより本番レベルの過去問をやった方が何倍も力付くなと思いました。\n学部時代家庭教師のバイトをしていたのですがその時も現代文小論文は最初から過去問をやらせてました。もちろん全員を早慶に送り込んだ訳ではありませんがみな現代文の力は格段に伸びてました。\n学校の進路指導室の赤本から始めるのでお金はコピー代しかかかりませんし金銭的にも負担は少ないかと思います。\n参考になったら幸いです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"塾なしの小論文対策を教えてもらいたいです"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"回答致します。\n小論文の対策には法学や政治学の書籍は必須ではありません。寧ろ優先度は低いものだと思います。\nよく勘違いされてる方がいますが、小論文の意見の奇抜性や個性の詰まった意見を書こうとすることは小論文では殆ど求められていません。\n勿論個性溢れる小論文が書ければそれに越したことはありませんが、殆どの場合個性を追求するあまり小論文で最も要求されてる自分の意見の論証が破綻しています。\n受験生の中でも採点者に注目されるような意見をかける人はそう多くはありません。\n小論文ではどんなに意見がありきたりでも、誰が読んでもその通りだと思わせるような論証が最低条件です。実際自分が受験した小論文でも意見は自分でも単純なものだったと思います。それでも論証は誰でも納得させられるようなものになるように心がけました。\n論証が大切な小論文では採点してくる人の存在が大きいです。自分では説得力のある小論文が書けたと考えても、他人からすれば反論の余地があったりすることが多いです。様々な視点で自分の小論文を読んでもらうことが合格への近道です。\n新聞を読んで意見を書いているということなので、その意見を先生に見てもらったりしてもらったらどうでしょう？先生を上手く利用してください。\n最後におすすめの小論文参考書を伝えておきます。答案添削例から学ぶ 合格できる小論文 できない小論文\n質問者さんの役に立てればこの光栄です。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文の勉強の仕方がそもそもわかりません"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"現代文の復習はまず解答解説を熟読する。次にもう1度本文を読む。そして解きなおす。の3ステップです。多少時間はかかりますが、この3ステップを繰り返すと次第に文章の構造をつかめるようになります。\n目安は1時間くらいかけてもいいくらいです。慣れてきたら短くしましょう。私は大体以下のように時間をかけていましたが、受験直前は時間短縮で30分くらいで3ステップをやっていました。\n復習をしたら、さらに現代文を得意にするテクニックがあります。それがフロー図の作成です。これは評論、小説どちらでも活用できます。評論問題の場合はまずノートを2分割します。評論問題は文章構造が二項対立になっていて筆者が言いたいこととそうでないことの2つの軸に沿って展開されますので、それを段落ごとに順を追ってノートに書いていきます。\nここで重要なのができるだけ字は書かずに、矢印を使ったり、図を入れたりしてできるだけシンプルにまとめましょう。小説は分割する必要はないので登場人物の心情変化や場面背景を示しながら描いていきましょう。こうするとより文章の構造や心情変化に気づくことができます。\nこれで総仕上げです。原稿用紙やマス目のあるノートに文章要約をしてみましょう。要約は文章を200字以内でしてみましょう。この200字はちょうど文章をまとめやすい字数だと言われているので文章を簡潔にそして要点をまとめあげましょう。前段階のフロー図がきれいにできていると要約するのもかなり楽です。\nここまでできると相当深い理解につながります。ここまでしっかり復習できるとだんだん初見の問題でも要点や筆者の主張がわかるようになってきます。そうなると現代文の得点はぐんぐんあがっていきます。要約したものは学校の先生などに添削してもらうとよりいいです。\n一般的に現代文は力を伸ばすことが難しいと言われていますが、しっかりした方法で対策をすれば確実に得点力を鍛えることができます。現代文ができるようになるということは物事を論理的に考えたり、自分の思っていることを端的に伝えることができるようになることにもつながります。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"小説、エッセイの読み方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"みっきーさん、こんにちは😀\n一橋大学商学部の〆さばです。\n\n確かに小説やエッセイのパートは論説文に比べると点数が安定しませんでした。\n結論から言うと論説文とやり方は同じで求められる要素を文章中から見つけ出すだけです。\n\nですが、小説の場合はストーリーの方に頭がいってしまい、純粋にキーワード探しに集中することができなかったり、恣意的な解釈をしてしまうことが起きやすいために苦手にする人が多いです。点数のばらつきが大きいのもそのためです。\n\n対策としては感情移入をしないよう意識することです。文章中から必要な要素を見つけることがあくまで目的です。自分の感情に最も近い回答を選ぶことを求められているのではないと認識する必要があります。\n\n例えば、この場面ではこう考える「はずだ」→だからこれが答えだ\nこういう解答のプロセスをとっていると点数のばらつきが大きくなります。（高い時は高いが低い時は目も当てられない）\n\n一方で理想的な解答方法としては\nここにこう思ったと書いてある→だからこの記述に最も近いこれが答えだ\nこういった解答のプロセスが理想です。\n\n小説の、特に内容が面白い時は文章に釘付けになってしまうこともありますよね。ですがそれでは作成者の思う壺です。極端なことを言えば必要な要素さえ見つけられれば良いのですから全てのストーリーを把握する必要はないのです。（主人公のその後なんて考えるようではどうしようもないです）\n\nこれに関しては慣れるしかないと思います。ですのでセンター形式の問題集を用いて演習を重ねていくのが一番です。また、時間があるようでしたら要約の練習をしてみるのも効果的だと思います。以前の回答で要約のメリット等について書きましたのでそちらを参照していただけると幸いです。\n\n質問等あれば気軽にコメントください😀\nでは、受験勉強頑張ってください！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文を安定させるためには"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず始めに点数が上下している状態は、もうすぐ一気に点数が良くなり安定する直前だと考えといてください。その上で河合塾で一番の講師から聞いた具体的な事を書きます。\n\nまず現代文において漢字や語句の意味で失点するのはかなり痛い事です。得点上位層の人は必ずとるところですし、現代文の基礎とも言えるところです。すぐに対策してください。私大でも漢字が合否を分けます。\n\nその基礎が徹底された上で、現代文の文章をキレイなリズムで音読するといいでしょう。読むスピードが早くなります。\n\nまた全体の構造を掴むことが極めて肝要です。例えば、筆者が一番伝えたいのは何か？何と何を比較して、どちらの方が筆者は良いと思っているのか？などなど…\n一つの文章にジックリ取り組んでください。\n\nセンターの時間配分は漢文10〜15分 古文25分 評論20分 物語20分 が大体の目安です。\n最初に設問をザラッと読み、だいたい何を話してるのか掴みます。そして、文章は全部一気に読みましょう。そのあとで、問題を解くのが一番点数が安定します。\n\nセンターは2つの選択肢まではすぐに絞れるので、その2つをジックリと検討しましょう。\nセンターまであと少し頑張ってください。\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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