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1a:T14a1,言っていることが多少捉えにくいですのでご注意下さい。あととても長いです… 難しい文章になると単語帳に載ってる言い方から離れた翻訳になることはよくあります。 自分が受験期にしていたことは、概念を意識することでした。単語の概念を意識すると型にはまることもなく文章を多様に訳せるようになります。 では、概念を意識するとはどういうことか。それは、類語を意識することだと思ってください。例えばですが、preventという単語の意味に関して、概念の範疇内で違った言い方(訳し方)をできる限り多く頭に浮かべてください。(限界まで浮かべたら下へ) どうでしょうか。恐らく浮かんだ数が多ければ多い人ほど柔軟な翻訳能力が備わっていると思います。 「防ぐ」「阻む」「抑え込む」「押しとどめる」「差し止める」「封じる」「禁じる」「庇う」「助ける」「おかげで〜回避できる」…など、単語帳に載っていない沢山の異なる言い方があると思います。意味の類語から類語へとどんどん連想していくだけで適切な訳が見つかってきます。 「助ける」や「おかげで〜回避できる」などに疑問を持った方も居ると思いますが、例えば、 He prevented me from repeating a year.という文では「彼が留年から私を救ってくれた。彼のおかげで留年しないで済んだ。」などという風に訳したほうが自然です。「彼は私を留年から防いだ。」という様な訳だと意味は通じるけれど翻訳の仕方が下手ですよね。これが臨機応変にその場に合った翻訳ができるということを指すのです。 難しい言い方をしますが、概念とは同類のものから共通部分をぬき出して得た表象であり、類語はその共通部分を帯びた言葉に当たります。場面に応じた翻訳の仕方が上手い人は、単語帳に載っている言い方だけでなく単語の意味を概念で捉えた上でその類語力に力があるのではないでしょうか。(伝わりにくかったらすみません) また、単語推測に関しては長文のトピックを掴んだ上で文章の流れや文脈、書き手の意思を汲み取って考えてみると知らない単語の意味が推測できますよ。 例えば、形容詞 jubilant を例に文を作ります。 She has jubilant eyes for a perfect score in math. この場合、 文脈を見るべきですよね。jubilant という単語は良い意味なのか悪い意味なのかどちらなのでしょうか。それは、for以下を見れば a perfect score から jubilant が良い意味だということがわかりますよね。 「彼女は数学で100点満点を取って嬉しそうな目をしている。」 実際はこのように簡単にはいきませんが、長文の途中で未知の単語が出てきても前後の文脈が理解できれば多少は意味が推測できるはずです。(動詞や形容詞なら意味的にマイナスかプラスかなど) 以上の二点(類語連想、文脈理解)を踏まえて、実践してみましょう。 下記の英文はある料理本に載っている注釈の一部を抜粋したものです。 If your recipe is for a dessert, soup, or other item recommended as a side course, please nail down your submission includes suggestions for main dishes that it would complement. 上手く翻訳できるでしょうか。 ポイントは4つあります。 ①nail down ②submission ③suggestions ④complement submissionとは「提案、提出、投稿」などの意味ですがここではレシピに関する話をしているので、料理そのものを指しますよね。 suggestionsは「示唆」や「暗示」を表しますがこの場合、名詞で訳さず動詞的に「しそう、できそう」と訳した方が適切な翻訳になりますよね。 complementは「を完全にする」などの意味ですがそれだと意味的に通らないので、類語を連想して文脈に当てはめると「を引き立たせる、を映えさせる」とすることができますよね。 最後に、nail downですがこれは以上の3点を理解した後に意味が見えてきます。「〜するようにする」の意味ですが、pleaseやsubmission以降の文からわかるはずです。 従って、和訳は 「お作りになるレシピがデザートやスープなどのサイドメニューでしたらメイン料理を上手く引き立たせられるようご確認下さい。」 となります。 結論何が言いたいかというと、適切な訳を思いつくようにするには類語を連想することが手っ取り早いということです。単語推測に関しては国語的な力も必要ですが(文脈や筆者の言いたいことに対する理解)、鍛錬すれば「あ、今こんなこと言ってるんだな」って勝手に分かってきます。頑張ってください。 1b:T136f,こんにちは 慶應文学部に合格した者です。 まずは、受験勉強お疲れ様です😌 しんどい時期だと思いますが、諦めずに志望校に向かって勉強頑張ってください！ 慶應文学部の英語はかなり特殊です。ご存じだとは思いますが、長文一題のみの辞書持ち込み可と言う形式で、同じような問題を出す大学は、聞いたことがありません。 どうして、こんな特殊な問題を出題するのかと言いますと、あくまで僕の意見ですが、 文学部は自由で柔軟な思考ができる学生を求めている気がします。 それを如実に反映しているのが、問題文がほぼ全て筆記であることではないでしょうか。選択問題が数問で残りは全て筆記で、国立大学に似た問題が多数出題されます。 前置きが長くなりましたが、これから勉強法をお伝えします。 まず、率先してやるべきことは、【英文和訳】だと思います。 英文和訳において1番大切なことは、 英文を正しいルールで読む ことだと思っています。 これは当たり前のことだと思います。しかし、この当たり前のことができていない受験生が大半のように思われます。 例えば、 Thirsty for national profit, nations, and their systems of education, are heedlessly discarding skills that are needed to keep democracies alive. 　　　　　　　　　(神戸大学2015第一問より抜粋) 読めましたか？ この文をただ、読めるだけでなく、正確に訳出するために文構造を捉える必要があります。 ・文頭のThirstyが形容詞なので、分詞構文がつづいていると見抜く ・等位接続詞andはnationsとtheir systems of educationをつなぐと見抜く ・動詞が複数形であることからnationsとtheir systems of educationが主語であると見抜く ・上記より、分詞構文はprofitまでであると見抜く ・動詞areのあとにdiscarding が続くことから、現在進行形の文であると見抜く ・that以下はskills を修飾していると見抜く ・to以下のkeep O Cの訳出 ・先ほどの現在進行形は、〜しているという完了的な訳出ではなく、〜しつつあるという未来的な訳出を行う などなど この一文だけでこれだけポイントが存在します。 慶應文学部は、この一文のような訳出のポイントが盛りだくさんな英文和訳を出題してきます。その上、先述の通り、自由で柔軟な思考が求められているので、逐語訳をするのではなく、 【意訳】を完璧に行う必要があります。 意訳は、英文和訳を完璧に逐語訳できないと、しても無駄になります。 慶應文学部は、自由で柔軟な意訳を求めています。 なので、まず最初は ルールに基づいて、ポイントを意識して英文を読めるようになりましょう。 先ほどの英文がポイントを意識せずに読めなかったならば、英文解釈のやり方を見直すべきです。 以下、オススメの参考書として二冊あげときます ①ポレポレ ②英文読解の透視図 これらに出題される英文を、上記の英文のように、一語一語分解して解釈すべきです。 このように、しっかり英文を読み込む癖をつけておかないと、高得点は望めません。 以上、質問一つ目の勉強法でした。 まとめると、英文を一語一語、丁寧に読めるようになる その上で意訳ができるようになる 二つ目の質問の過去問の向き合い方ですが、僕個人の意見では、まだやる必要は無いと思います。 なぜなら、5回分の得点率から見て、おそらく英文を正しく読めていないところがあるっぽいので、まずは、英文解釈に時間を使うべきです。 この時期で、MARCHの過去問8割取れていることは本当に素晴らしいことだと思います！！僕自身、この時期は英語の偏差値50程度でしたし、MARCHの過去問ではせいぜい5割が限界でした。 MARCHの問題は早慶ほど読み込む必要がないので、高得点が取れるはずです。しかし、早慶になると文構造や単語のレベルが一気に上がります。なので、文構造を正しく捉えて、正しく訳出するために英文解釈が必要なのです。 長文になり、申し訳ございませんでした🙇‍♂️ あと、これはあくまで僕個人の意見なので、鵜呑みにせずに、さまざまな方のご意見を参考にすべきです！！ 最後まで読んでくださりありがとうございました！ 慶應でまってます！！！頑張れ！👍 2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=UUMd0nABTqPwDZPulxLm","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"文の訳し方が分かりません"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",0,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"3/13 13:18"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"そしてその方法は血圧を上げる行動と同じくらい多岐に渡る。というような感じでwaysが主語の文であるかのように訳せばいいと思います。実際はthat以下がwaysにかかる関係代名詞ですがそのまま直訳すると不自然な日本語になってしまうのでこうするしかないと思います。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"so that 構文について！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"　習慣的な問題だと思います。すなわち、結論から言うと「そういうものだ」と呑み込むのが早いと思います。（※こういったことの所謂深堀は、大学でやりたい分だけできますよ！）\n\n　いわゆるso that構文はおっしゃる通り、因果関係を含意する構文として学習すると思います。しかし、単にbecauseなどの接続詞を用いた比較的客観的な因果関係を表しているというより、質問者さんが感じているように、この構文によって表現される具体的な内容はしばしば「感情」を伴うようです。感情や感覚のニュアンスと言えば、意外とcouldとかmightとかwould（wouldがおそらく最も使われる）がその感じを醸してくれます！だから、もはや半分ルールのような感じでこういった助動詞が使われていますが、言語も人間によって簡単に細かく変容しますから、誤解を恐れずして言うと、「諸略されている」くらいでいいと思います。この文を訳すときに、質問者さんも、「自然に」可能のニュアンスを出せていますよね。そういうことだと思います。問題意識があって、脱帽しました。大学ではこういった素朴な疑問が、日常言語の範疇を超越した知の地平線の彼方に、あなたを誘います。ぜひその態度を忘れずに、今は北大合格に向けて頑張ってください。心より応援しています。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文解釈の和訳が理解出来ない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"いくらお手本とは言え、言葉のかかり方や最後の「人間」という訳が不自然でひっかかりますね😅\n\n和訳:学生は、自分が下した結論が、知的で誠実な他のどの学者が同じ事実に直面した場合でも、正しいと認めるものに確実になるように、客観的で公正でなければならない。\n\nこれならば理解できるでしょうか？？\n\nany+名詞は肯定文では どの〇〇も と訳すことが出来ると考えていいと思います。つまり、any other intelligent and honest scholarというのは、知的で誠実な他のどの学者も＝知的で誠実な他の学者全員、というわけです。言葉のかかり方が厄介ですよね、、\n\n訳が難しいのは当然で、決して質問者さんのが頭が悪いわけではないとおもいます(^^)\n固い直訳で意味が通じにくいときは、頭を柔らかくしてその文のニュアンスを別の言葉で自由に表現するといいと思いますよ😄"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"和訳のニュアンスと文法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"どっちも変わりません！！！余裕で満点貰えるはずです！\n原文の中の「既出情報」と「新情報」を取り違えずに訳せていれば、語順にこだわる必要はありません。この場合「新情報」は当然強調構文のit is以下の部分であり、ここの訳を最後に持ってくることは自動的に決定、かつ「既出情報」はthat節の中身なので、訳の冒頭に持ってくるのも当然。あとはif節をその間に入れれば良いです。\nなので僕の訳は、れもんさんと全く同じです。一応和訳問題が英語で1番得意だったので、これは自信を持っていいんじゃないかと思いますよ。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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