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1c:T14de,はじめまして！

英語や数学と違って対策の見通しが立てにくいですよね。ただ基本的には英語や数学と同じで知らなければいけない内容があって、それを処理する訓練がなされていれば点は取れる科目です。
違う点はいわゆる知識量はそこまでいらないという点と、演習もどういうところに気をつければよいか掴めば演習量もそこまでいらないという点です。

そもそも現代文というのは筆者が主張を伝えるために書かれた文章です。主張を1つずつ段階的に説明した結果長文化したのが現代文と言えます。
一見すると冗長な文章ですが、最終的に筆者の主張が伝わるような展開になっています。それが所謂「論理展開」です。現代文の読解はこの論理を抽出し、設問で問われている箇所を提出したもののが解答となります。
現代文の勉強の第1段階としては、この論理構造にどのようなものがあるのかを知るところからです。

次にその論理構造が実際にどのように展開されているのかを演習を通して学ぶことです。論理構造といっても何十種類もある訳では無いので、短期間で抑えることが出来るかと思います。

論理構造の知識を学んだ後は、解答の作り方です。
全体の論理展開のうち問われている箇所を抜き出してまとめる工程になります。すなわち、論理を構築している要素を抜き出し、それらの関係性を正しく整えます。
現代文は記述とマークの2種類があります。ただどちらも本質的にはやることは同じです。文章を読解する時点では記述もマークも差はありません。
解答パートですが、自ら要素を抜き出して正しい関係性に整える必要のある記述に対して、マークは既に要素が抜き出されて選択肢として並べられています。マークはそれぞれの要素が正しいか、要素間の関係性は正しいかを吟味します。この文マークの方がシステマチックです。
ただ記述は記述である程度パターンがあるのでそれを学べれば意外とシステマチックです。
ここら辺の解答の作り方は演習を通して訓練します。ある程度システマチックに解けるとは言ったものの、数学などと違って表現が問題ごとに大きく異なるので慣れは必要かと思います。

ではどのように知識を身につけ、訓練をすればいいのかです。おすすめの方法を以下に紹介します。
まず知識面ですが、参考書というより先生の紹介です。名前は柳生好之先生です。
柳生先生は論理構造にどのような種類があるのか体型的にまとめてくれています。考え方もかなり理系的で、まるで数学を解いているかのような理解ができます。
また記述対策もしっかりしてくれており、解答パターンに分けてそれぞれどうアプローチすれば良いか解説してくれます。
柳生はスタディサプリの講師でオンラインで実際に授業が視聴できます。また参考書も多数出されているので、そちらで学ぶこともできます。そこは時間とお財布に相談です。ただ内容は大きくは変わらないと思います。

知識をつけた後に演習が必要となりますが、結局中途半端な問題集より試験の過去問が質が良いです。なのでおすすめは過去問を使用している問題集です。
個人的に一番おすすめなのが各種予備校が出している模試の過去問集です。他の参考者に比べて入手が面倒という難点はありますが、模試の問題は予備校が名の名がつくのでかなり気合いを入れて作成されています。問題が良質なのはもちろんですが、解答解説がかなり充実しています。当然受験生向けなので、どうやって読解を進めれば良いか、どのように解答にアプローチすれば良いかなど丁寧に解説されていることが多いです。つまり演習にもってこいです。現代文は解きっぱなしでは力がつかないので、自分のアプローチに間違いがないか、無駄がないかを演習で確認していきます。

以上です。
最後に、現代文は他教科に比べてやるべきことが少ないです。半年あればある程度持っていけるかと思います。
もちろん他の教科との兼ね合いも重要ですが、何よりも大切なのはやる気です。「大丈夫！間に合う！」というのは簡単ですが、結局身をもって自信を得るには自分の中に手応えを掴む必要があります。やれることを1つずつ積み重ねていくことで、今までできなかったことが少しずつできようになり、その実感が手応えです。
大変かとは思いますが、しっかり最終目標を意識して目の前のことに集中しましょう！
応援しています！頑張ってください！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=U1NCDYYBTqPwDZPuBToA","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"理系現代文古典勉強"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",8,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"2/1 22:54"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"記述をやると、文章をしっかりと解釈しないと解答が出来ないからでしょうね。マークだと理解度合いが低くても選択肢に逃げて得点できる場合が多いですから。\n記述問題演習を積む方が間違いなく国語の力は伸びますよ。ただ細かい解答の仕方とかは気にしなくて良くて、解説に載っているポイントを抑えられているかを確認する程度でいいと思います。共テだけなら綺麗な解答を作れるようにする必要はないですから、現文も古典もポイント掴めてるか程度でいいかと。\nただ選択肢の正解が回りくどい、消去法でしか導きようがない、などマーク式特有の癖もあるので一概にマーク式学習は効果が少ないとも言えないですが。\n自分は現役の時、マーク式問題で自分流の解答を毎回作ってました。解説に【解答のポイント】みたいなやつがあってそれと照合させてましたね。これは結構オススメできる学習法ですよ。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_CF46CF41498C41BA94CAD9198CAC9AA0.jpg?alt=media&token=8be4f37c-92b8-4fb0-a4da-f482449e5b0a","adviserName":"パンジャ","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学経済学部","adviceId":"U1NCDYYBTqPwDZPuBToA","numberOfFan":35,"clipsAvg":8.147058823529411,"adviceRateAvg":4.674157303370786,"profile":"受験生の皆さんの助けに少しでもなれれば幸いです。\n〜合格実績〜（英、数、日史、国）\n慶應 【経済・商】\n早稲田 【商】\n上智 【TEAP方式4学部】\n中央 【法】\n明治 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"私文現代文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です！\n\n質問者さんが、今の時点でどの程度余裕があるかにもよるのですが、記述対策の問題集を使うのはいいと思います。\nそう思う理由は２つあります。\n\nまず1つ目は、「急に記述問題が出題される可能性があるため」です。\n例えば私が通っている早稲田大学の文化構想学部という学部は、新設されてから長らく、国語はマーク式でした。記述があってもせいぜい漢字書き取りか抜き出しくらいでした。ところが、2020年度に突如、現代文の記述が登場しました。\n\nもちろんこれは、当時共通テストに記述が加わると話題だったからこその出題だったとは思います。\nただ、立教も最近出題傾向が変わりましたし、これから突然記述が加わる可能性も低くは無いと思います。\n日頃から練習をしていると、突然出てきても落ち着いて対処できることでしょう。\n\n\n2つ目は、「記述を練習することで、マークも解きやすくなる」ということです。\nこれは私の実体験ですが、「現代文と格闘する」という記述メインの教材を進めた後、選択肢問題が少し解きやすくなったような気がします。\n\nそもそも、たとえマークだろうと、自分の頭で答えをある程度考えてから選択肢も目を遠さなくては、余計な選択肢の影響でこんがらがってしまうことがあります。そういったことがないよう、あらかじめ記述のように自分で答えを導いた上で選択肢を選ぶようにすれば、思考力も付きますし、正しい答えを選びやすくなるのではないでしょうか。\n\nとはいえ、もし今の時点であまり時間がない！というような状態であれば、もちろん自分が受ける大学学部の傾向に沿って勉強してみてください。\n\n少し長くなってしまいましたが、私自身は記述式問題集を解いて力がついたと思っているので、余裕があればやることをお勧めします！\n\n少しでもお役に立てたら嬉しいです。\n応援しています😊"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"二次試験の古文漢文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"マークでは取れているということはある程度単語や文法は固まっているということでしょうか？\nもしマークも何となくで解いて合っているだけなら、今からでも遅くないので単語や文法の復習をしてくださいね！\n\nさて、ここからは文法や単語はある程度できているという前提で話を進めていきますね。\n\n一言で言うと、問題を解きましょう。\n問題集は何でも良いです。(記述問題が多いものがbetterですが自分に合ったものを選んでください)\nちなみに私は、学校の先生が数年前に見本用としてもらったものをもらっていました。\nつまりは学校で使うような問題集で十分だということです。\nポイントは1つだけ、全文訳が載っていること。できれば品詞分解も載っていると良いです。\n\nまずは自分で問題を解いてみてください。\nその際に現代語訳であれば多少日本語が変でも良いので文法に沿って、特に敬語や助動詞に気を付けて訳してください。\n文章をそのまま訳すことができるようになれば主語や目的語等の足りない部分を付け足しましょう。\n\n説明問題は現代文と同じです。\n何がポイントになるのかを考え、そのポイントが明確に出るように回答を書いてください。\n\nここまでできればあとは答え合わせです。\n問題になっている部分を詳細に見るのはもちろんのこと、全文をざっと訳せるかどうか試してみてください。\nわからないところは解説に載っている全文訳、品詞分解を利用してください。\n\nこの繰り返しで段々とできるようになっていくと思いますよ(^^)\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文の記述"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"日本語を読む、書く練習は今までこなしてきたと思います。\nあとは、いかに問題の答えとなるポイントを見つけ、それをアピールする答案を書けるかです。\n\n大抵の記述模試は、解答解説が詳細にあるはずです。そして採点基準があります。このポイントがあれば何点、というものが。\n\nマークで8-9割が安定するならば、「文中から根拠を探し、設問に答える」という作業はできるはずです。\nあとは、文中の根拠を正確に解答に反映させること。\n解答するときに自分なりの言い換えや、まとめをしていませんか？\n\n完璧に意味が等しい日本語、というものはありません。言い換える以上、どうしてもズレが出てきます。\n文中に書いてあることを解答にするときは、できる限りコピーすることを心がけ、どうしても言い換えねばならない(独特な言い回し、抽象的なことば、「」つきの特殊な意味をもったことば、長いことば、など)ときは、小学生でもだいたい同じだとわかるような言い換えをしましょう。\n「感じ入った」→「感動」\n「大きな喜びの感情が去来した。」→「喜び」\nこのレベルです。これ以上に言い換えたり、まとめたりするとズレが生じ、部分点が認められず、点数が伸びません。\n\nどの程度言い換えて、まとめればいいのか、というのは非常に難しく、ゆえに現代文は差がつきにくいです。\nそこで、現代文を伸ばすには自分の解答の精査、添削が必要になります。\nどの参考書でも大差無いと思います。東進のもの以外なら、問題はマトモなわけですし、それこそ記述模試を解き直すのでもいい。\n問題よりも、自分の回答をできる限り先生に(ムリなら自分で)採点してもらうことが大事です。\n\nこの言い換えはセーフか、\nどうしたらうまくまとめられるか、\nどう考えればこの根拠を発見できたのか、などのポイントは、見直しでしか検討できません。\n解答の添削を繰り返して、現代文での得点センス(言い換えスキル)を磨いてください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"マークと記述との違い"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"共通テスト型の問題は選択制なので、答えも必ず選択肢の中に含まれています。しかし、記述型の問題は自分で答えをつくるものが中心ですので、恐らく質問者さんは、文章をなんとなくふわっと理解はできているものの、本質までは理解できていないと思います。その差が偏差値に表れています。\n\n対策として、一度解いた問題、特に共通テスト型の問題は一つも分からない単語や熟語、文法や表現がないように読み返してみましょう。分からないものがあったら隙間時間に見返せるように小さめの手帳などに書き集めるのが良いかもしれません。\n\nまた、記述型の問題は、一つの段落ごとに日本語で要約してみましょう。それも、なるべく短めの文章で。そうすることで段落ごとに最も大切な要素を理解する姿勢がつき、より理解が深まると思います。また、並行して単語なども調べ、完全に理解したのちに音読を10回以上しましょう。音読も、頭をフル回転で丁寧に熟読しながらです。そうすることで頭の中で勝手に、｢読む際の強弱｣がつくようになります。大事なところや理解していないところは意識的に注意して読みますし、あまり大事でないところはスピードを上げて読めるようになります。\n\n是非参考にしてください。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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