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1d:T1df8,古文漢文、難しいですよね。私も人様にアドバイスできるほど古文漢文ができたわけではありませんが、参考までにどうぞ。

⒈主語と述語の対応
　古文も漢文も、文章であるからには、主語と述語があるはずです。その対応を正確に把握できないと、文章の意味もごっちゃごちゃになってしまいます。とりわけ、古文は主語が省略されることが多く、文上の他の要素からこれを特定しなければならないため、注意を払わねばなりません。とくに難しいのは、敬語によって主語を特定する場合です。敬語はよく勉強しておいた方がいいと思います。私は、古文も漢文も、登場人物には順にS1, S2, S3……と番号を振っていき、述語にはそれらに対応した番号を振って、それが誰のことについてのものなのかを問題文中にメモしながら読んでいました。

⒉品詞分解と文法的説明
　これは、古文の現代語訳問題で行っていたことです。というのも、私の学校の古文の授業では、予習の段階で、授業で扱う教科書の文章の全文について、品詞分解と文法的説明をした上でさらに現代語訳をさせられたため、正確な現代語訳のために品詞分解をする癖がついていたからです。ちなみに、文法的説明というのは、①動詞・形容詞・形容動詞であれば活用（例えば、サ変動詞「す」連用形。音便があれば音便の種類も）、②助動詞であれば意味と活用（例えば、完了の助動詞「たり」終止形）、③助詞であれば意味（例えば、順接確定条件の助詞「ば」）などです。助動詞や助詞の意味は、本文中での意味であって、複数の意味を取りうる助動詞や助詞の場合は、本文中の意味として最も適当なものを自分で選択しなければなりません。その際、①で見た、助動詞や助詞にくっついている動詞等の活用によって判断することもしばしばあります。例えば、助詞の「ば」は、未然形の動詞につく場合は順接仮定条件に、已然形の動詞につく場合は順接確定条件になりますし、受け身等の助動詞「る」と完了・存続の助動詞「り」の判別（とくに「れ」や「る」の場合）は、それが四段活用動詞につく場合は、その動詞が未然形か已然形かによってします（「りっちゃんさみしい（サ未四已）」でおなじみのやつですね）。このように、古文を分析的に読む訓練は、しておいた方がいいと思います。

⒊句形だけは漏らさない
　漢文ですね。漢文の句形は、お決まりの構文みたいなもので、とても重要なので漏れがないようにしましょう。漢文で訳を求められたり意味を問われたりするのは、ほぼ100%句形がある文についてですので。私の学校では、漢文の句形全部について何度も小テストがあり、その度に、90%以上をとれるまで再テストでしたね。それくらい句形は重要です。

⒋古文の語義類推について
　これは、私の個人的な経験です。北大の二次試験（受験本番）の古文で「正義」という言葉があったのですが、これを「個人が正しいと思う信念」みたいに一般的な意味だとすると、文章の意味の繋がりというか辻褄がどうも合わないということがありました。それで、じゃあこの「正義」はどういう意味だろうかと考えていると、一つの天恵が下ったんです。「そういえば、『意義』って言葉あるよな。この『正義』の『義』は、もしかしたら『意義』の『義』か？　だとしたらこの『正義』の意味は、『（言葉の）正しい意味』か？」と。実際、そう訳してみると、意味のつながりに違和感がなくなって手応えを感じました。合っていたのかは知りませんが（解答速報など一切見なかったので）、国語の点数は8割弱だったので、多分会っていたんじゃないかと思っています（違ってたらクソ恥ずかしいですが）。
　このように、知らない単語の意味を類推することができたのはなぜなのかということを振り返って考えてみると、それは私が使っていた単語帳のおかげなのではないかと思いました。『春つぐる頻出古文単語480』（河合出版）というやつなのですが、これの何が良いかと申しますと、それぞれの単語について、成り立ちなどが書いてあるんです（もっとも、すべての掲載単語について成り立ちが載っているわけではありませんが、何かしらの解説は書かれています）。今でも強く覚えているのが「はかばかし」についてです。漢字で書くと「捗捗し」、「捗」は「進捗」の「捗」ですね。すなわち、「捗」が二重で「はかばかし」ですから、進捗を重ねることから転じて「てきぱきしている」とか「しっかりしている」という意味になるわけです。これに関連して、「はかなし」も漢字で書くと「捗なし」、すなわち進捗がないことから転じて「頼りない」とか「むなしい」とかいう意味になります。「はかばかし」と「はかなし」は対義語になってるんですね。こういう感じで、「なぜそのような意味になるのか」ということから単語を勉強していたのが役に立ったのではないかと思っています。因みに、学校指定の単語帳は『読んで見て聞いて覚える　重要古文単語315』（桐原書店）でしたが、それでやっていても、問題文上では知らない単語が多く、どうも古文がよく読めるにならなかったので、もう少し掲載単語数の多い単語帳はないかと書店で物色していたところ、上の単語帳を見つけ、立ち読みしてみて一目惚れし、これを使うようになったという経緯があります。現在お使いの単語帳にご不満などありましたら、一度書店で見てみてはいかがでしょうか。

⒌漢文の漢字
　漢文でも意味の知らない漢字が出てくることはしばしばでしたので、『漢文句形とキーワード』（Z会）を使いました。句形は漢文必携で事足りたので、これは重要な漢字を学ぶために買いました（もっとも、漢文必携にも漢字はある程度載っていたと思います）。この参考書には、たしか漢文の背景知識（よくある文章のパターンとか政治のあり方とか色々）についてコンパクトに解説してある章があったので、そのような背景知識を知りたいという場合にもお勧めできると思います。これも、書店で見て個人的に良いと思ったので選びました。上の単語帳についても言えますが、私の参考書の選び方は、ネットなどでの評価は一切見ずに、書店で見て自分が良いと思ったものを選ぶというやり方だったので、ここで紹介した参考書の評判は知りません。

　以上、参考になれば幸いです。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=TObZCWgBTqPwDZPuKAzR","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古典"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",9,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"1/1 23:37"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_3E82F79902B04D7BBBA37FADDC6BBE73.jpg?alt=media&token=071fa3c7-cefc-437b-ac1c-fa8a93898979","adviserName":"りんご","adviserDepartment":"大阪大学人間科学部","adviceId":"TObZCWgBTqPwDZPuKAzR"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"まずは文法だと思います。\n高校1年生の段階で文法(特に助詞、助動詞、敬語)を固めておくと2年生以降は授業の予習がそのまま演習になります。\n\n単語を覚えるのはもちろん早めに越したことはありませんが、文法＞単語だと思います。\n\n\n古文を読む時にその文を品詞分解できるか、\n1つひとつの品詞をしっかり説明できるか、\nその品詞の意味を出しながら現代語訳できるか(直訳でOK)\nここを自分に問いながら読んでみてください。\n\nこれができれば演習をやれば伸びると思いますし(逆に言えばこれができていなければ演習をしてもあまり意味はないです)、受験勉強にも入りやすいです。\n\n\n頑張ってください(^^)"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"丁寧な説明ありがとうございます！\nがんばります！👍"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/0kv4i3QBTqPwDZPuaVeP","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文、単語と文法のあとはなにをやればいいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"そこまできたのなら古文・漢文で高得点を狙った方が良いと思いますよ！\n\nいわゆる基礎は固まっていると思います。\n\n\nおそらく質問者様の状況から察するに課題は2つあります。\n\n①英語の精読のような1文をしっかり訳す経験の不足\n②問題演習不足\n\n\nこの2つを丁寧にやれば、基本的には読解力は向上すると思います！\n\n①は学校の古文・漢文の授業でやっているようなもので、1文ずつしっかり品詞分解して、これはどういう品詞で、活用形は何で、意味は何でと丁寧に分析していきます。そして、その判断にはきちんと根拠が言える必要があります。題材は何でもいいです。学校の教科書でも問題集でも何でもいいので丁寧にやれるかどうかがミソです。\n\n②については特になく、ひたすら問題演習をしてください。\n\n漢文においても同様です。\n句法をしっかり覚えたのなら①②をやってみてください！\n\n\n以上になりますが、参考にしていただければ幸いです！\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文 助詞"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文は文法と単語が命です。\n高2生であれば文法を極めてから文章読解に進んだ方が良いです。文法と単語が固まっていれば文章読解はスムーズに進めることができます。\nそこで助詞ですが、助詞は助動詞と比べて軽視されやすいですが文章読解においては助詞も助動詞と同じかそれ以上にポイントになってくることが多いです。そのため助詞がまだ全然入っていないのであれば助動詞と同じように講義系の参考書から入って、覚えてきたようであれば助動詞と並行して文法の演習系の参考書を繰り返しやって1秒ででてくるレベルまでやり込むことが大切です。また、助詞と助動詞はかなり忘れやすいので今覚えていても受験までその知識を定着し続けなければならないので、演習系の参考書をやると共に講義系の参考書を復習することも大切です。\n敬語ですがこれも読解の時に多きなポイントとなります。敬語は文章を読みながらではないと学びにくい部分もありますが、読解に進むまでに意味と敬意の対象をそれぞれ覚えておくことが重要です。\n優先順位としては\n単語→助動詞と助詞→敬語法→読解→古典常識や文学史や和歌のルール\nという感じです。\n古文は普段の生活で接することが英語とかと比べてほぼないので最初は慣れず難しいかも知れませんが、古文と言っても日本語なので文法と単語をしっかりとやれば英語よりかなりやりやすくなるので得意科目にでき、他の勉強に時間を回せることもできます。そのため高2の今の時期からコツコツとやり、3年になった時に古文にそこまで時間をかけなくてすむようにすると良いと思います。頑張ってください！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古典長文を解いた後の品詞分解"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"共テのみ古文を使うのであれば、問題と絡みがあった場所、すなわち傍線部とか理由説明問題の該当箇所などは、丁寧に品詞分解及び現代語訳まで復習することを最低限やる必要があると思います。私が受験生の時に古文の先生が言っていたのは、二次とは違い、共テ古文は読む時に全部きっちり現代語訳に直しながら読む必要が無いということです。二次試験は文量が少なく、細かく問われるため必要ですが、共テはある程度大雑把に大まかな意味がとれているかを聞いているようです。ですから共テのみの場合、全部品詞分解やろうとしなくては良いと思います。ですが共テは難化する可能性もあるので、問題で問われていないところまでやっておく心配は無いと思います。品詞分解以外にやることとしては古文単語ですかね。文中あるいは問題で登場したがわからなかったという単語は、単語帳に印をつけておく必要があります。共テは単語帳の意味がわかっていれば大体文章の意味はわかりますし、問われる単語はだいたい決まっています。直前は印がついた箇所を重点的に復習すると効果的です。頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語はどこまでしっかりやるべきなのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私は最も重要な意味だけ覚えて周回回数を増やすことに拘ってやってました。\n単語熟語文法を覚えたら解釈をやることになります。そこで徹底的に構文把握能力を鍛えるとどの単語も品詞が何か見抜けるようになります。\nこの単語の意味広げるだったけどここでは目的語ないから自動詞じゃないと説明つかないなってなったら広がると解釈すればいいし、直後に関係詞来ててどう考えても名詞だなって思ったら広がりって解釈すれば良いので広げるだけ覚えてても対応できます。下線訳で広がりだと自然な日本語にならないなって思ったら普及だとか拡散だとか自然な日本語になるように同じニュアンスの言葉を当てはめれば対応出来ます。\nただし多義語は注意が必要です。dietを見て食べ物しか出てこないと議会という意味で出てきた時に対応出来なくなります。\n明らかにイメージが異なる意味が複数ある場合はセットで覚えてください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"品詞分解、現代語訳の練習方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず前提からですが、古文や漢文は一文一文の現代語訳が完全にできる必要はないですよ！重要な部分とそうでない部分を分けて、どこをゆっくり読みどこをサラッと読むのか分けてメリハリをつけることが大事です。\n\nまず古文からですが、まずは文法が完璧か確認しましょう。助動詞や助詞がわかっているか→動詞形容詞などのの活用が完璧か、の順で確認しましょう。特に接続とかが大事です。ここが完璧でないと単語力とか云々の話では無いので、まず確認しましょう。また、品詞分解を何らかの文章(品詞分解の正解がわかるものがいい)でやってみて、自分に足りない力が何かを分析してからやるといいと思います！\n\nあとは本文を使ってひたすら慣れていき、間違えた文法があれば文法のところに戻るのがいいです。\n\n現代語訳ですが、重要単語(単語帳に載っているもの)と習った文法のところが訳せたかを中心に合っていればいいです。知らない単語は推測していきますが、わからなくても形容詞などはプラスマイナスのいずれかかがわかればいいと思います。\n\n最後に参考書ですが、解説に本文の品詞分解が載っているものがいいと思います。載っているものをいくつか紹介します。\n\n・古文上達45\n基本の問題集ですが、解説が丁寧で、文法の復習もできます。問題数も多いので品詞分解の練習だけをするのでもかなり数ができます。\n\n・全レベル問題集古文\nお茶女であればレベル3~4くらいがオススメです。こっちは品詞分解もそうですが、単語も別に意味が載っているので復習しやすい。また、得点が付けられるので自分の実力が分かります。\n\n漢文ですが、僕は全訳を日本語でできたことはないです。ですが漢文は安定して9割以上を取れていたので、「句形の訳のとこは忠実にしつつ、あとは漢字や注釈から大体の意味を解釈していく」ことが大事だと思います。もしかしたら学校の授業で全訳とかしているかもしれません(僕がそうでした)が、大体わかればOKです。ですので、本文を読んで重要な単語や句形の抜けがあれば確認しましょう。\n\n参考書の数は少ないですが、僕は漢文道場を使っていました。ただ、問題がやや難しかったです。\n\n参考になれば幸いです！\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文を解けるビジョンが浮かびません！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です！\n\n個人的に古文を読めるようになるためには主に3つの要素が必要だと思います\n\n\n○単語\n→長文を読んでいく中で意味を覚えるものもありますがなるべく色々な意味を覚えておきましょう！\n\n○文法\n→助動詞は1番大変だけど頻出だから夏休み中にマスターした方がいいです！（おすすめは河合塾のステップアップノート）\nあと敬語もなかなか面倒くさいですが早いうちに終わらせましょう！\n\n○古文常識\n→早稲田志望であれば背景知識や古文常識はやっておいた方が良いです👍マドンナ古文常識を使ってました！\n\nこの3つの要素が固まってからやっと長文が読めるようになると思います。初めのうちはあまり長い文章だときついので短い文章を品詞分解（これが動詞、これが助動詞など）しながら丁寧にやっておくといいです。\n\nまた、受けるかは別としてセンターの過去問は良問が多いので演習に使えると思います🙆‍♀️\n\n質問者さんの場合はまず何より文法を夏休み中に完璧にしましょう！英語より覚えることはだいぶ少ないのであまり怖がらないでください！\n\n暑くなりますが体調に気をつけて頑張ってください💪"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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