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1b:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-710d199cb1f51304.js","183","static/chunks/183-141f39fb5cb93742.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-26686d89cc5a4cf8.js"],"AdOnAdviceList3"] 19:T14a1,言っていることが多少捉えにくいですのでご注意下さい。あととても長いです… 難しい文章になると単語帳に載ってる言い方から離れた翻訳になることはよくあります。 自分が受験期にしていたことは、概念を意識することでした。単語の概念を意識すると型にはまることもなく文章を多様に訳せるようになります。 では、概念を意識するとはどういうことか。それは、類語を意識することだと思ってください。例えばですが、preventという単語の意味に関して、概念の範疇内で違った言い方(訳し方)をできる限り多く頭に浮かべてください。(限界まで浮かべたら下へ) どうでしょうか。恐らく浮かんだ数が多ければ多い人ほど柔軟な翻訳能力が備わっていると思います。 「防ぐ」「阻む」「抑え込む」「押しとどめる」「差し止める」「封じる」「禁じる」「庇う」「助ける」「おかげで〜回避できる」…など、単語帳に載っていない沢山の異なる言い方があると思います。意味の類語から類語へとどんどん連想していくだけで適切な訳が見つかってきます。 「助ける」や「おかげで〜回避できる」などに疑問を持った方も居ると思いますが、例えば、 He prevented me from repeating a year.という文では「彼が留年から私を救ってくれた。彼のおかげで留年しないで済んだ。」などという風に訳したほうが自然です。「彼は私を留年から防いだ。」という様な訳だと意味は通じるけれど翻訳の仕方が下手ですよね。これが臨機応変にその場に合った翻訳ができるということを指すのです。 難しい言い方をしますが、概念とは同類のものから共通部分をぬき出して得た表象であり、類語はその共通部分を帯びた言葉に当たります。場面に応じた翻訳の仕方が上手い人は、単語帳に載っている言い方だけでなく単語の意味を概念で捉えた上でその類語力に力があるのではないでしょうか。(伝わりにくかったらすみません) また、単語推測に関しては長文のトピックを掴んだ上で文章の流れや文脈、書き手の意思を汲み取って考えてみると知らない単語の意味が推測できますよ。 例えば、形容詞 jubilant を例に文を作ります。 She has jubilant eyes for a perfect score in math. この場合、 文脈を見るべきですよね。jubilant という単語は良い意味なのか悪い意味なのかどちらなのでしょうか。それは、for以下を見れば a perfect score から jubilant が良い意味だということがわかりますよね。 「彼女は数学で100点満点を取って嬉しそうな目をしている。」 実際はこのように簡単にはいきませんが、長文の途中で未知の単語が出てきても前後の文脈が理解できれば多少は意味が推測できるはずです。(動詞や形容詞なら意味的にマイナスかプラスかなど) 以上の二点(類語連想、文脈理解)を踏まえて、実践してみましょう。 下記の英文はある料理本に載っている注釈の一部を抜粋したものです。 If your recipe is for a dessert, soup, or other item recommended as a side course, please nail down your submission includes suggestions for main dishes that it would complement. 上手く翻訳できるでしょうか。 ポイントは4つあります。 ①nail down ②submission ③suggestions ④complement submissionとは「提案、提出、投稿」などの意味ですがここではレシピに関する話をしているので、料理そのものを指しますよね。 suggestionsは「示唆」や「暗示」を表しますがこの場合、名詞で訳さず動詞的に「しそう、できそう」と訳した方が適切な翻訳になりますよね。 complementは「を完全にする」などの意味ですがそれだと意味的に通らないので、類語を連想して文脈に当てはめると「を引き立たせる、を映えさせる」とすることができますよね。 最後に、nail downですがこれは以上の3点を理解した後に意味が見えてきます。「〜するようにする」の意味ですが、pleaseやsubmission以降の文からわかるはずです。 従って、和訳は 「お作りになるレシピがデザートやスープなどのサイドメニューでしたらメイン料理を上手く引き立たせられるようご確認下さい。」 となります。 結論何が言いたいかというと、適切な訳を思いつくようにするには類語を連想することが手っ取り早いということです。単語推測に関しては国語的な力も必要ですが(文脈や筆者の言いたいことに対する理解)、鍛錬すれば「あ、今こんなこと言ってるんだな」って勝手に分かってきます。頑張ってください。 1c:T141f,英語長文を日本語に訳さずに読むことを意識されているのは、大変素晴らしいと思います。最終的にそのレベルまで持っていくことができれば、入試英語は問題なくクリアできるようになると思います。 今回のご相談内容は、英語長文の内容理解の力を上げたい、というものでしたので、それに関してのアドバイスをさせていただきます。 一般的に、英語長文を解けるようになるためのステップは以下のようになっています。 ①英単語を覚える（英語→日本語） ②文章の構造とは何かを理解する ③文章の構造を自分で分類できるようにする ④文章の構造を意識しながら英語長文を読む 以上になります。 まずは、上記の4ステップについて、一つ一つ説明していきます。 ①英単語を覚える（英語→日本語） まずは英単語を覚えてください。基本的に英語長文を読めるようになるためには、英語から日本語に訳すことができればオッケーです。このとき、英単語を見て1秒以内に意味が思い出せるようになることを目標としてください。この理由は、英語長文を読むときは1単語の訳にかけられる時間はほとんどないからです。すなわち、英語長文をスラスラ読める状態にするために、英単語を見た瞬間その意味を思い出せるようにしておくことが重要です。 初めは慣れないかもしれませんが、毎日コツコツ繰り返し覚えてください。 ちなみにですが、私のオススメの英単語帳は「システム英単語」です。機会がありましたら一度見てみてください。 ②文章の構造とは何かを理解する 「文章の構造」と聞いて、「なにそれ」と思うかもしれません。 文章の構造とは、すなわち「SVOC」のことです｡一般的には、Sは主語、Vは動詞、Oは目的語、Cは補語と呼ばれます。英語長文を読めるようになるためには、これら「SVOC」がそれぞれどのような役割を持っているか、を理解することが重要です。この部分は、受験生でも意識できている人とそうでない人の差が大きく出てきますので、ぜひ意識してみてください。 具体的な勉強方法としては、英語文法の参考書を見たり、学校の先生に聞いたりするのが一番早くて良いと思います。 ③文章の構造を自分で分類できるようにする ②で「SVOC」の役割を理解することができたら、次は実際の文章を自分で「SVOC」に分類していきましょう。初めは短い文章でかまいません。英文法の問題集に載っている文くらいの長さで良いと思います。慣れてきたら少しずつ文章を長くしていってください。学校のリーディングの教科書があればそういったものでもかまいません。 「ここからここまでが主語で、この単語にはこの部分が修飾していて...」などというように、かたまりを意識して分類してください。 ④文章の構造を意識しながら英語長文を読む ここまでくれば、英語長文を読む土台は十分固まっています。後は、実際に英語長文を読んで実践を積んでください。初めは慣れてないため読めないことも多いかもしれませんが、土台がしっかりしているため辛抱強く読み続けていれば、読めるようになります。 さて、英語長文を読めるようになるための4ステップについての説明は以上になります。ここからは、時間内に読めるようになるためのアドバイスをさせていただきます。 まず、①の英単語を覚える際に、英語→日本語が1秒以内にできているでしょうか。もしまだそこまで固まっていないならば、固めることをおすすめします。 次に文章の構造に関してですが、英語長文を読む際、「ここからここまでが主語で、この単語にはこの部分が修飾していて...」などというような、かたまり、をどれくらい意識できていますでしょうか。日本語に訳さず英語のまま読む=前からかたまりごとにどんどん訳していく、ですので、ぜひ意識してみてください。 最後に、音読はどれくらいされていますでしょうか。英語長文を速く読めるようになるために、音読は物凄く効果が高いと言われています。英語の勉強時間のうち、半分は音読にあてよう、といった言葉もあるほどです。ぜひ音読も毎日行なってください。 以上で回答を終わります。入試本番が迫ってきていますが、決して焦らず、丁寧に勉強に取り組んでください。 頑張ってください。応援しています。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=Ry31w2wBTqPwDZPuuR1g","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"英語 和訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",52,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs 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mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"多くの場合、和訳の出題の意図は、\n①文構造が理解出来ているか\n②指示語の内容が理解出来ているか（「指示語をの内容を明らかにせよ」とあった場合）\n③文章の流れから、適切な和訳が導き出せるか（例えば、meansを意味と訳すか、手段と訳すか等）\nを問うことです。これらが理解出来ていることを採点者にはっきりと示せるように訳しましょう。\n\n⑴まずは和訳を指定された文だけ、丁寧に文構造の分析をしましょう。\n\n主語、動詞、補語、目的語を探す\n↓\n残りの修飾語句は意味のかたまりごとに括弧でくくる\n↓\n修飾語句がそれぞれどの語を修飾しているか見極める\n（指示語の内容が問われていれば、それも確認します。）\n\n⑵分析が出来たら、和訳をします。\n初めに主語を訳し、その後は文の後方から訳すと大抵上手くいきます。\nその際、従属節（副詞節）→主節、修飾語句→被修飾語句の順番を守りましょう。（例外あり）\n\n⑶最後に、訳出し忘れた部分がないか確認します。ガタガタな日本語になっていないかも確認しましょう。\n\n以上が基本です。\n\n例外パターンとして、\n・無生物主語の文\n 第一目的語（人称であることが多め）が主語にして訳す\n ※論理関係が変わらないよう注意\n・関係詞節が長すぎる文\n 主文と関係詞節の文の２文に分けて訳す\n 関係詞節の文には、関係詞の指している先行詞を当てはめて訳す（上手いことやってください）\n・短すぎる文\n SVOCや文の要素が明らかに抜けている文、短くてそれ単体ではほとんど内容の無い文、抽象度が高すぎる文、日本語にしても意味が通らない文などは、それまでの文章や文脈から言葉を補う必要がある場合がある\n\nなどがあります。が、この辺りにはあまり神経質にならなくて大丈夫です。\n\n以上です。これで、大体の和訳問題は解けるのではないでしょうか。慶應文の和訳問題は、抽象的な単語の意味を掴むのが難しかった印象です（違っていたらすみません）が、無理して美しい和訳をしようとせず、まずは基本を押さえることを念頭に置いてください。\n\n長文失礼いたしました。分からないところがあれば、質問してください。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl 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mb-1","children":"多くの場合、和訳の出題の意図は、\n①文構造が理解出来ているか\n②指示語の内容が理解出来ているか（「指示語をの内容を明らかにせよ」とあった場合）\n③文章の流れから、適切な和訳が導き出せるか（例えば、meansを意味と訳すか、手段と訳すか等）\nを問うことです。これらが理解出来ていることを採点者にはっきりと示せるように訳しましょう。\n\n⑴まずは和訳を指定された文だけ、丁寧に文構造の分析をしましょう。\n\n主語、動詞、補語、目的語を探す\n↓\n残りの修飾語句は意味のかたまりごとに括弧でくくる\n↓\n修飾語句がそれぞれどの語を修飾しているか見極める\n（指示語の内容が問われていれば、それも確認します。）\n\n⑵分析が出来たら、和訳をします。\n初めに主語を訳し、その後は文の後方から訳すと大抵上手くいきます。\nその際、従属節（副詞節）→主節、修飾語句→被修飾語句の順番を守りましょう。（例外あり）\n\n⑶最後に、訳出し忘れた部分がないか確認します。ガタガタな日本語になっていないかも確認しましょう。\n\n以上が基本です。\n\n例外パターンとして、\n・無生物主語の文\n 第一目的語（人称であることが多め）が主語にして訳す\n ※論理関係が変わらないよう注意\n・関係詞節が長すぎる文\n 主文と関係詞節の文の２文に分けて訳す\n 関係詞節の文には、関係詞の指している先行詞を当てはめて訳す（上手いことやってください）\n・短すぎる文\n SVOCや文の要素が明らかに抜けている文、短くてそれ単体ではほとんど内容の無い文、抽象度が高すぎる文、日本語にしても意味が通らない文などは、それまでの文章や文脈から言葉を補う必要がある場合がある\n\nなどがあります。が、この辺りにはあまり神経質にならなくて大丈夫です。\n\n以上です。これで、大体の和訳問題は解けるのではないでしょうか。慶應文の和訳問題は、抽象的な単語の意味を掴むのが難しかった印象です（違っていたらすみません）が、無理して美しい和訳をしようとせず、まずは基本を押さえることを念頭に置いてください。\n\n長文失礼いたしました。分からないところがあれば、質問してください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"MARCH英語長文の壁に当たっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず長文は下線が引かれてて和訳する、または記号問題の該当箇所ではない限り、きちんと精読する必要はありません。たぶんかびごんさんは、全文きちんと和訳できるぐらい正確にきちんと読もうとされて、ノックアウトされているような気がします。内容が把握出来なさすぎるのはいけませんが、少々雑で良いですから、細部に拘らず、パラグラフごとに意味を大まかにとり、最終的には全体で意味をとるようにしましょう。各段落にパラグラフメモを簡潔に一文ぐらいで書く練習をするのも良いですよ。文構造がすぐに思い浮かばないと仰っていましたが、これに関しては慣れです。恐らく今まで短い文章を精読するような参考書を使って勉強されてきたと思うので、これから難易度は気にせず、簡単な文章でも大量に読む多読をしましょう。最初は時間がかかり、なかなか先に進まないとは思いますが、続けていれば内容をそこそこ把握しながら速く読めるようになります。その時に和訳する時のような、日本語の語順で読むのではなく、英語の語順で英語のまま理解するようにしてください。これも最初はきついですが、慣れれば出来ます。あとわからない文構造、単語が出てきたら、手持ちの参考書で辞書を引く感覚でその都度調べる癖をつけましょう。これをやっていると頭の中に今まで習ったことがより定着していきます。また動詞を見た時に前置詞を予測して読めないとも仰っていましたが、これは英単語を覚える時に前置詞まで及んでいないからだと思います。例えばthinkだけを覚えても意味はなくて、think about, think of、前置詞ではありませんが、think 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應経済の和文英訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"慶應経済を受験したものです。\n赤本の解答はあくまでも模範解答ですので、それ通りにする必要もありません。\n基本的に注視すべき点は、\n・単語、熟語は間違っていないか？（スペル等）\n・構文、文法的に間違っていないか？（3単現や時制）\n・和文にある要素全てを組み込んでるか\nの3点です。\n上2つに関しては、ネイティブや英語の先生などに添削してもらって下さい。\n\nそして質問者さんが悩んでいるのは最後の項目のところでしょう。\n①、②に共通して言えることですが、日本語とバッチリフィットさせるという発想を捨ててみてください。\n例えば｢部活をやめる｣→「部活に参加しなくなる」というように単語選びが怖くなったらゴッソリ解釈を変えてしまって大丈夫です。自分も受験期にここまで内容を変えていいものなのかと戸惑いましたが、採点者が主に見てるのは単語・文法などのミスの有無ですから自信を持って変えちゃいましょう。\n\nおすすめの参考書は過去問が一番ですね。慶経の和文英訳は中々癖が強いので、市販の参考書では本番戦える力は身につけられないでしょう。とにかく添削してくれるパートナー的存在に依存しながら、何度も何度も書きまくってみてください。\nただ基礎的な和文英訳の力をつけるということでしたら、今までやってきた文法書の和訳を見て、自分で英訳してみるという学習法もあります。この勉強法は自分がやり込んだ参考書であれば特に効果が高いです。英作の力に加えて文法・構文の力もつきますから、そちらもぜひ取り組んでみてください。\n\n最後に度々言及したことではありますが、とにかくグラマーミスを注意してください。解釈が少し違うのと、グラマーミスとでは後者の方が圧倒的に失点に繋がりますから、難しめの文で攻めようとせず、無難に確実な文を書いていってください。\n\n長くなりましたが、応援しています！\n頑張って下さい！日吉で待ってます！！\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文を意味の通った日本語に訳すことができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です。\n\n単語を知っていて、文法も理解しているのに意味不明な日本語訳を作ってしまうと原因としては、現代文が苦手ということが考えられます。そもそも日本語の意味がよく分かっておらず、英語から訳してみたところで、自分でかみ砕けないのかなと。\nもしそうであれば、英単語を少しわかりやすい日本語に変えることをお勧めします。このやり方は私が受験生の時に、塾の先生から教わりました。簡単な例を出すと、例えば「画一的な雰囲気のある」というより、「同じような雰囲気のある」と訳したほうが、ちゃんと理解できている感じがありませんか？単語帳に載っている日本語訳ってどうしても固いというか、漢語調なことが多いので、自分なりに変形してみるのも効果的だと思います。また、もし結構な英語力があるなら、英英辞典を利用してみるのも一つの手です！割と易しめの英語で構成されていることが多い(難しい単語を使って説明すると、それもまた調べなくてはいけない)ので、英語力もつき一石二鳥かもしれません！\n少しでもお役に立てたらうれしいです。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"和訳、英訳問題に対してのアプローチ"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。ご相談ありがとうございます。\nぜひ、大阪大学に来て頂きたいものです笑\nご存知とは思いますが、大阪大学の英語には和文英訳や英文和訳が含まれています。私が受験した時に(難化の年でした)英語は8割5分取っていましたので、参考になればと思います。\nまず英文和訳ですがこれは英文解釈の技術100を使うといいと思います。また、単語力の不足の可能性もありますので単語を見直してみてください。どんなに一文が長くとも、主語述語を的確に抑えることがポイントです。,or…のように、文の中でこの組み合わせが出てきたらこれを意味する、という決まったルールがありますのでその確認もしてみて下さい。\n次に和文英訳の問題についてですが、これは日本語を直訳する必要はありません。と言うよりむしろ、直訳でない方がいいパターンも多いです。訳し方が分からない日本語は、別の簡単な言葉に言い換える(この時関係代名詞が活躍します)ことがポイントです。苦手の程度が分からないので私が意識していることを共有してみました。\n回答は以上になります。応援しています！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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