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1b:T141c,共通テストレベルの単語でわからない単語がある場合には、まずは単語帳の復習をすることを勧めます。その上で、共通テストの対策と英語の長文の解き方と単語帳の復習方法に分けて回答します。

【１】共通テストの対策について
はじめに状況文と設問を読んでから本文に移っているということですが、そのやり方は継続で良いと思います。ただし、設問は選択肢まですべて読んでから本文を読むというよりは、問われている部分(例：Which is the most suitable title for the article?)のみを読んでから答えがありそうなところを本文から探しに行くという意識で解くことをおすすめします。

一方、大門５、６のような問題は必ずしも設問を先に読む必要はないと思います。長文の問題はすべて本文を読んでから解くことを勧めます。なぜなら、長文の問題は答えを探す範囲が広く、全文を通しての内容把握の問題もあるからです。結果的に時間を余分に食うことになります。

ただし、個人差や向き不向きもあると思いますので、上記の内容が完全にあてはまるとは限りません。結局は様々な問題を解いて自分に合った方法で解けるようになるのが一番だと思います。受験本番まで時間もあると思うので、色々試してみてください。

【２】英語の長文の解き方について
ここでは、共通テストに限らず、英語の長文全般に言えることについて説明します。

長文の問題が解けない原因は大きく分けて二つあります。①英文解釈や英単語の知識などに抜けがある②①の部分はある程度固まっているが、長文になると読めなくなってしまう。

①に問題があるときの対策
受験の英語の学習では、英単語・英文法→英文解釈→長文の順に進めていくのが基本です。
自分の学習状況を再度確認して、長文の前段階で知識や技術の抜けがありそうなときはそこに立ち返ってみてください。以下にそれぞれの部分で問題があるときの対策を記します。

英単語に問題がある場合→単語帳を使って復習をする(詳しくは【３】で)
参考書の例：ターゲット1900、英単語帳LEAP、鉄壁など

英文法に問題がある場合→英文法の問題集を使って演習をする。分厚い英文法書を使って復習するのは時間がかかる＋だらだらと読んでしまい、内容が入ってっこないので、あまりおすすめできません。
参考書の例：英文法ポラリス、Vintageなど

英文解釈(精読)に問題がある場合→このケースが一番多いかもしれません。英文解釈の参考書を使って、英文の構造を取り、正確に訳すという練習をしてください。
参考書の例：英文解釈の技術100、ポレポレ、透視図など

②に問題があるときの対策
この場合は、英文の練習不足が原因としてあります。
英文を読むときに重要な部分に線を引いたり、丸で囲ったりするなど内容をおぼえておく努力をしてみてください。

また、長文の問題を解くときのコツとして速読があります。速く読むことができれば、多少内容が分からなくなったときにも、あまり時間のロスがなく読み返すことができます。速読のコツは別の質問で回答しているので、興味があれば読んでみてください。

【３】英単語の暗記方法について
英単語の暗記方法としてスタディサプリの関正夫先生の推奨している方法を紹介します。

まずは、英単語を覚える範囲を決めます。（ここでは1000単語として話を進めます）

1週目には、1日目は1～200、2日目201～400、3日目401～600、4日目601～800、5日目801～1000というように配分します。
2週目には、6日目1～200、7日目201～400、8日目401～600、9日目601～800、10日目801～1000というように配分します。3週目以降も同様に6週まで続けます。
このように、1000単語を5日間に分けて6週します。すなわち、1000単語を5日×6週＝30日で覚える方法です。

一日でこなす200単語は2時間後あるいは1時間後に単語テストがあると思って取り組んでください。時間をかけすぎないことがコツです。書きなぐって覚えても、声に出して覚えても構いません。私は書いて覚えました。

もう一つ大事なことは6週目まで毎日やり切ることです。正直、4週目まではあまり覚えられないかもしれませんが、5週目以降から一気に覚えられるようになります。
なかなか大変ですが、この方法はかなり効果があるので頑張ってみてください。1d:T1487,京大文学部所属のvenusと申します。よろしくお願いします！

一旦、単語帳を上手く使う方法を私なりに紹介します。

まず、何時間も連続して単語帳とにらめっこをするよりは、スキマ時間を利用して、単語帳を見る回数を増やす方が良いです。
例えば、朝、通学中、昼休み、帰宅後、入浴後、寝る前、などに、各5分見るのと、家庭学習のうちの1時間を割いて見るのでは、前者の方が頭に入るはずです。
もしこのやり方を取り入れていないのなら、ぜひ試してください。効果は保証できます。

それと、語源と関連づけて覚えることで、派生語との有機的な関係のなかで記憶できるため、記憶が強くなります。また、未知語の意味推測にも役立つと思います。

また、例文と一緒に単語を覚えれば、その覚えていた例文から単語の意味を思い出すことができたり、英作文で自然とフレーズが出てきたりと、恩恵が大きいです。

文法に関しては、文法問題を解くよりは、『新々総合英語』のような文法の教科書を軸に学習を進めるべきです。文法問題ばかり解いていると、長文の中で応用する力が伸びていきません。
また、そのような文法の教科書には例文が載っているはずです。それを暗誦できるようにすることで、文法事項を生きた形で頭に入れることができます。

という感じで、単語文法それ自体を勉強する方法はあるわけですが、単語文法を身につけただけでは長文がスラスラと読めるようにはならない。

英語を勉強していくにあたって陥りがちなのが、単語や文法がある程度インプットされているのに、模試では点数が伸びないという状況です。
もしかすると、質問者さんは、単語や文法の力がないのではなくて、力があるのにうまく使えていないのかも知れません。

解決策は、まとまった量の英文を読む回数を増やすことです。
極論ですが、単語や文法（特に文法）の知識は、英文を理論的に理解するための道具でしかありません。
日本語の文章を読む際に、そこに存在する文法を意識しますか？（反語）
でも文章の内容を理解できていますよね。なぜかというと、これまでにたくさんの日本語の文章に触れてきているからです。

同じように、英文に触れる回数を増やせば、（文法の知識が多少疎かでも）感覚的に内容が理解でき、点数が伸びていきます。

ぜひ、毎日英文を読む習慣をつけましょう。英語長文の問題集はもちろんのこと、英語でニュースを読むことなんかも手軽で良いと思います。

また、英文を読みながらボキャブラリーも増やせる単語帳としては、『速読英単語必修編』などがあります（ターゲット1900をやり切ってからで問題ないです）。
私ならどう使っていくか考えると、
まず、1つの文章がそこまで長くないので、1日の夜に2つ文章を何度か読む。
翌日、日中のスキマ時間で、文中の単語を復習していく。
その日の夜、文章を音読をして、文章の内容が音読をしながら脳内に浮かんでくるかチェックする。
浮かんでくれば次の2文章に進み、浮かんでこなければもう1日同じことをやる。
といった具合で進めると思います。

これで、大体1ヶ月〜1ヶ月半くらいで1900語を1周できると思います。ただ、1周で覚えられたら苦労しません。最低もう1周はするべきです（覚えているところに時間をかける必要はないですが）。

ただ、私がこの参考書を薦める理由はあくまで、"英文に触れる機会を増やしながら"ボキャブラリーも増やせる、という点です。
生きた文章の中で単語や文法の知識を運用する練習が、長文問題での得点につながります。

また、文法問題は、当然理屈で答えられればよいですが、英語に慣れていれば、感覚的に正解が分かるはずです。
例えば、
「私はサッカー○する」の○に入る助詞は？
と聞かれて、日本語ネイティブでない方は「『する』が他動詞で『サッカー』が目的語だから、助詞は『を』かな？」などと考えますが、日本人なら感覚的に「を」と即答するはずです。

東大を受けるなら文法問題もできなければならないですが、少なくとも共テでは、文法を理屈で理解する必要は必ずしもないと思います。英文をたくさん読んで、感覚を磨くのも一つの手でしょう。


以上、単語や文法の勉強の仕方や考え方について私見を述べてきました。

ぜひ、実践してみてくださいね。
質問者さんの健闘を祈っています！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=RjOPZG0BTqPwDZPu0v2p","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"長文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",8,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"9/25 3:36"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英熟語！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"反復が足りていないのではないでしょうか。1000語はちょっと反復したくらいでは覚えられなくて当たり前です。自分の場合は3年かけて計20周以上したので、かなり覚えられました。\n\nまた最初の方は一周全てやるのもありですが、覚えているものと覚えられないものがはっきりと別れてきたら、覚えられてないものを中心に見ていくのもありです。覚えられないものに関しては、例文ごと覚えてしまうというのも１つの手です。関連情報と結びつけることで長期記憶にしまい込むことができます。\n\nもちろん覚えているものも定期的にやらないと抜けていってしまうので、一度覚えた時点でもう見なくなるというのはダメです。熟語帳(と単語帳も)は受験直前期まで定期的に見返しましょう。目安として、長文の中で見た瞬間にパッと意味が出てきてほぼノータイムで訳せるくらいになるのが理想的ですので、そのような状態に至るまではまだまだだと思いやり続けましょう！まだまだこれからです、頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文に出てきた単語について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"知らない単語の中で重要そう、再び違う長文で出てきそうなものは赤ペンでメモし寝る前に赤シートで確認していました。そして、違い長文で出てきた時に「あ、これ知ってる」となります。\n暗記方法は人それぞれなのでとやかく言いませんが、質問者さんの「時間がない」「意味がないように感じる」というのはあまり好ましくないです。というのも自分が言ったように寝る前にたった5分でも確認するだけでいいんです。それで、少しでも覚えられてたらこっちのラッキーと思えば良いです。これだけでもかなり意味があることだと思います。また、長文を毎日解くとのことですが、そんなにたくさん解いたとしても出てきた単語すら覚えられていないようではほとんど習熟が期待できないように思えます。この時期は焦る必要はないです。量より質の、初心に帰った勉強を心がけて見てはどうでしょうか。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"わからない単語、理解できない文章"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学の2年のものです。\n\n特に早慶はわからない単語ばっかだと思います。それは当然のことですから、わからないからと言って悲観的にならないでくださいね。\n\n問題は、じゃあどうやって正解を出すかですよね。よく言われるのが、わからない単語は前後の文から推測しよう、というものだと思います。やはり単語が分からなければ推測するしかないと思いますが難しいですよね。\n\nまず、英語を読むときに頭に置いといてほしいことは、大抵の文章では一段落で伝えたいことは一つのメッセージであるということです。ですから分からない単語はその段落全体で考えてみてください。前後の文だけじゃきついと思います。\n\n文全体の大意、というのを捉えられれば良いのですが、難しいですよね。というかよくわかんないですよね。ですから最初は、何かテーマがあると思いますので、筆者はそれに対して、プラスだ！、と言ってるのか、マイナスだ！、と言ってるのか、もしくは肯定してるか否定してるか、どっちなのかを頑張って考えてみてください。これだとだいぶ論点が単純化できるのでやりやすいと思います。\n\nもう一つ英語の、というよりどの文章にも言えることですが、全ての段落は何か筆者が言いたいことを説明するためにその段落構成にしてるということです。この段落は前の段落で言ってることの具体例の提示してる段落だ、この段落は一般的な意見を紹介して否定してる段落だ、というようにその段落が文章全体の中でどういう役割なのかがわかるようになってくればもう長文で怖いものはありません。そうすると自ずと段落で言ってることが理解できるようになってきますし、その難しい単語がだいたいどういう意味なのか当てられるようになってきます。\n\nもちろん、単語力がなさすぎたら文章は読めません。一つの目安ですが、僕は速読英単語の必修編と上級編だけで早慶の文章は行けました。それでももちろん分からない単語はたくさん出てきますよ。でもだいたい、みんな速単上級とか単語王とか鉄壁とかシス単とかそのあたりの単語力で戦ってる気がします。あとは上に述べたように文章の読み方ですね。ここが1番のポイントになってくると思います。少し難しい話で抽象的なものになってしまいましたが、早慶いきたいなら頑張らないとですね！応援してますよ！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語の予測"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私が英単語を推測する際に使っていた方法を二つ紹介したいと思います。\n\n一つ目は接頭辞や接尾辞を覚えることです。\n例えばpreは「前」でdictは「言う」というニュアンスを持っているのでpredictは以前から言う、つまり「予測する」という意味になります。\nこういった手札を増やすことで単語も覚えやすくなり初見の英単語も何となく意味がつかめたりします。\n\n二つ目は単語のニュアンスを用いた文脈判断です。\n例えばI claimの後には主張が来ますがこの主張は日本語のクレームという言葉からも予測できるようにネガティブな内容になることが多いです。\nしたがってこの後に知らない単語が来ている場合でもある程度限定して意味を捉えることができます。\n\nこのようにどちらとも単語のニュアンスを掴みとることで推測するという方法を使っています。\nやはり英語は言語なのでそのニュアンスは軽視できませんし実際にこれができるようになると見える世界が変わると思います。\n\n他にも私は使っていませんでしたがコロケーション（仲がいい単語の組み合わせ）を覚えたりすることで知らない単語でもそれコロケーションが良い単語と近い意味の単語だと推測したりする方法もあると思います。\n\nぜひ参考になれば嬉しいです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"単語の重要性について この時期の語彙力"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\nこの時期の語彙力についてですが、結論としてターゲットと速読英単語上級編が完璧なのであれば早稲田の英語長文において不自由することは無いはずです。\n\n 私は英単語を2段階に分けて意識することをお薦めします。\n1段階目としては自分の基本となる単語帳(貴方の場合ターゲット、速単上級編)を文字通り完璧にすること。 いつどこで聞かれても意味が答えられる状態にすること。\n2段階目としては自分の単語帳に載っていない単語で過去問等で何度も目にする単語を認識すること。  わからなくても深追いせず、軽く調べる程度で充分です。 重要な事は時間をかけないこと。 そして、何度も長文で意識していくうちに、「なんか見たことあるなぁ」「ネガティヴなイメージの単語だったなぁ」等と意識出来るようになってきます。\nこのように単語の取捨選択は自分の単語帳に載っているか否か。速単上級まで頭に入れば早稲田レベルです。それ以上は分かればラッキー、程度の認識で一向に構わないと思います。\n\n(補足)\n本番で分かるはずの単語がわからないというのは想像以上にメンタルにきます汗。 精神衛生上の観点からも自分の単語帳を完璧にする事に全力を注いでください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語の文脈判断"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"コツは文章全体を把握することです。\n\n長文を読みながら\n目先の文だけの意味を捉えるのではなく\n\n読み進めながら\nこの文章ではどんなことを\n伝えようとしているのかを\n予測しながら\n読み進める訓練が必要です！\n\n\nそれが出来ていれば\nこれからこういう話になるだろうから\nこの単語でしょ！\n\nだったり\n\n分からなくて飛ばしても\n全部問題解いてから\n\nもう一度戻って考えるのもアリだと思います！\n\n\n絶対わからないという問題は\nほとんど出ないと思います。\n\n\n何かヒントが有る\nということを頭に入れておいて\nください！\n\nまた、\n分からなかったとしても\nその知らなかった単語は\n\n英単語帳の似ている\n意味の単語のそばに\n付け足しておいてください！\n\n\nそうしていけば\nまた、別の大学の試験や別の学部で\nその難しい単語が出るかもしれません。\n\n\n僕はそれをやっていて\nほんとに出ました。\n\n\n\n是非やってみてください！\n\n\n参考にになれば嬉しいです！\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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