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1a:T1df8,古文漢文、難しいですよね。私も人様にアドバイスできるほど古文漢文ができたわけではありませんが、参考までにどうぞ。

⒈主語と述語の対応
　古文も漢文も、文章であるからには、主語と述語があるはずです。その対応を正確に把握できないと、文章の意味もごっちゃごちゃになってしまいます。とりわけ、古文は主語が省略されることが多く、文上の他の要素からこれを特定しなければならないため、注意を払わねばなりません。とくに難しいのは、敬語によって主語を特定する場合です。敬語はよく勉強しておいた方がいいと思います。私は、古文も漢文も、登場人物には順にS1, S2, S3……と番号を振っていき、述語にはそれらに対応した番号を振って、それが誰のことについてのものなのかを問題文中にメモしながら読んでいました。

⒉品詞分解と文法的説明
　これは、古文の現代語訳問題で行っていたことです。というのも、私の学校の古文の授業では、予習の段階で、授業で扱う教科書の文章の全文について、品詞分解と文法的説明をした上でさらに現代語訳をさせられたため、正確な現代語訳のために品詞分解をする癖がついていたからです。ちなみに、文法的説明というのは、①動詞・形容詞・形容動詞であれば活用（例えば、サ変動詞「す」連用形。音便があれば音便の種類も）、②助動詞であれば意味と活用（例えば、完了の助動詞「たり」終止形）、③助詞であれば意味（例えば、順接確定条件の助詞「ば」）などです。助動詞や助詞の意味は、本文中での意味であって、複数の意味を取りうる助動詞や助詞の場合は、本文中の意味として最も適当なものを自分で選択しなければなりません。その際、①で見た、助動詞や助詞にくっついている動詞等の活用によって判断することもしばしばあります。例えば、助詞の「ば」は、未然形の動詞につく場合は順接仮定条件に、已然形の動詞につく場合は順接確定条件になりますし、受け身等の助動詞「る」と完了・存続の助動詞「り」の判別（とくに「れ」や「る」の場合）は、それが四段活用動詞につく場合は、その動詞が未然形か已然形かによってします（「りっちゃんさみしい（サ未四已）」でおなじみのやつですね）。このように、古文を分析的に読む訓練は、しておいた方がいいと思います。

⒊句形だけは漏らさない
　漢文ですね。漢文の句形は、お決まりの構文みたいなもので、とても重要なので漏れがないようにしましょう。漢文で訳を求められたり意味を問われたりするのは、ほぼ100%句形がある文についてですので。私の学校では、漢文の句形全部について何度も小テストがあり、その度に、90%以上をとれるまで再テストでしたね。それくらい句形は重要です。

⒋古文の語義類推について
　これは、私の個人的な経験です。北大の二次試験（受験本番）の古文で「正義」という言葉があったのですが、これを「個人が正しいと思う信念」みたいに一般的な意味だとすると、文章の意味の繋がりというか辻褄がどうも合わないということがありました。それで、じゃあこの「正義」はどういう意味だろうかと考えていると、一つの天恵が下ったんです。「そういえば、『意義』って言葉あるよな。この『正義』の『義』は、もしかしたら『意義』の『義』か？　だとしたらこの『正義』の意味は、『（言葉の）正しい意味』か？」と。実際、そう訳してみると、意味のつながりに違和感がなくなって手応えを感じました。合っていたのかは知りませんが（解答速報など一切見なかったので）、国語の点数は8割弱だったので、多分会っていたんじゃないかと思っています（違ってたらクソ恥ずかしいですが）。
　このように、知らない単語の意味を類推することができたのはなぜなのかということを振り返って考えてみると、それは私が使っていた単語帳のおかげなのではないかと思いました。『春つぐる頻出古文単語480』（河合出版）というやつなのですが、これの何が良いかと申しますと、それぞれの単語について、成り立ちなどが書いてあるんです（もっとも、すべての掲載単語について成り立ちが載っているわけではありませんが、何かしらの解説は書かれています）。今でも強く覚えているのが「はかばかし」についてです。漢字で書くと「捗捗し」、「捗」は「進捗」の「捗」ですね。すなわち、「捗」が二重で「はかばかし」ですから、進捗を重ねることから転じて「てきぱきしている」とか「しっかりしている」という意味になるわけです。これに関連して、「はかなし」も漢字で書くと「捗なし」、すなわち進捗がないことから転じて「頼りない」とか「むなしい」とかいう意味になります。「はかばかし」と「はかなし」は対義語になってるんですね。こういう感じで、「なぜそのような意味になるのか」ということから単語を勉強していたのが役に立ったのではないかと思っています。因みに、学校指定の単語帳は『読んで見て聞いて覚える　重要古文単語315』（桐原書店）でしたが、それでやっていても、問題文上では知らない単語が多く、どうも古文がよく読めるにならなかったので、もう少し掲載単語数の多い単語帳はないかと書店で物色していたところ、上の単語帳を見つけ、立ち読みしてみて一目惚れし、これを使うようになったという経緯があります。現在お使いの単語帳にご不満などありましたら、一度書店で見てみてはいかがでしょうか。

⒌漢文の漢字
　漢文でも意味の知らない漢字が出てくることはしばしばでしたので、『漢文句形とキーワード』（Z会）を使いました。句形は漢文必携で事足りたので、これは重要な漢字を学ぶために買いました（もっとも、漢文必携にも漢字はある程度載っていたと思います）。この参考書には、たしか漢文の背景知識（よくある文章のパターンとか政治のあり方とか色々）についてコンパクトに解説してある章があったので、そのような背景知識を知りたいという場合にもお勧めできると思います。これも、書店で見て個人的に良いと思ったので選びました。上の単語帳についても言えますが、私の参考書の選び方は、ネットなどでの評価は一切見ずに、書店で見て自分が良いと思ったものを選ぶというやり方だったので、ここで紹介した参考書の評判は知りません。

　以上、参考になれば幸いです。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=Qx5jtmsBTqPwDZPumEWL","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古文は何から勉強した方がいいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",1,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"7/3 14:51"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文の単語がどうしても覚えられません。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"それでしたら、スタディサプリの古文を受講することをオススメします！私は高3の夏に受講し、それまでなんとなくで覚えてた古文単語や活用などを整理しました！最終的に古文は得意科目になりました😌人から教わるのも悪くないと思いますよ！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文、単語と文法のあとはなにをやればいいのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"そこまできたのなら古文・漢文で高得点を狙った方が良いと思いますよ！\n\nいわゆる基礎は固まっていると思います。\n\n\nおそらく質問者様の状況から察するに課題は2つあります。\n\n①英語の精読のような1文をしっかり訳す経験の不足\n②問題演習不足\n\n\nこの2つを丁寧にやれば、基本的には読解力は向上すると思います！\n\n①は学校の古文・漢文の授業でやっているようなもので、1文ずつしっかり品詞分解して、これはどういう品詞で、活用形は何で、意味は何でと丁寧に分析していきます。そして、その判断にはきちんと根拠が言える必要があります。題材は何でもいいです。学校の教科書でも問題集でも何でもいいので丁寧にやれるかどうかがミソです。\n\n②については特になく、ひたすら問題演習をしてください。\n\n漢文においても同様です。\n句法をしっかり覚えたのなら①②をやってみてください！\n\n\n以上になりますが、参考にしていただければ幸いです！\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文読解ができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n質問者さんのように古文の単語や文法をやっても何故か模試で点が取れないという人は多いと思います！\n\nそこで、単語や文法を覚えても古文が読めないのは次のうちのどれかにまたは全てに原因があると思います！この3つをつぶすことで古文が読めるようになってくると思います！\n\n①  敬語ができなくて主語がうまくとれない\n\n②  古文の読解慣れしていない\n\n③  古文常識がわかっていない\n\nまずこのなかでも①が1番大切です！！\n単語と文法をやれば古文を読めると思っている方がほとんどだと思いますがそんなに古文は甘いものではないです！古文は敬語が頻繁にでてきて誰の動作を高めてとかがわからないとまったく意味がわからなくなってしまいます。古文において敬語は非常に重要です。これが尊敬でこれが謙譲と覚えるだけでなく、どういう動作の尊敬語なのか謙譲語なのかまでしっかり覚える必要があると思います！\nやり方としてはYouTubeの予備校ただよびでの吉野先生が今敬語についての授業（スーパ敬語法）が上がっているのでそれをみるのがおすすめです！自分も受験生時代吉野先生の授業を受けていたのですがとても分かりやすかったのでかなりおすすめです！\n\n②は古文にも漢文にも言えることなのですが英語と同じである程度なれていくことが必要なので1日1文くらいは読んでいったほうがいいと思います。（おすすめの参考書は1番の基礎で有れば古文上達基礎編、その上のレベルは河合塾からでている中堅私大古文演習、難関私大古文演習がおすめです！）\n\n③は意外と気にしないのですがかなり大切で、見落としがちなことが多いです！\n例えば垣間見とはどういうものなのかや、\n単語帳にはのっていない見出すと見入るの違い\n見出す（主語は女になって部屋から男をみる）\n見入る（主語は男になって部屋の外から女をみる）などなど色々あるので古文の世界をわかるということも大切です。\n参考書はマドンナ古文常識がおすすめです！\nこれを一冊しっかり読んで完璧にしましょう！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）\n\nまた、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文を解けるビジョンが浮かびません！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です！\n\n個人的に古文を読めるようになるためには主に3つの要素が必要だと思います\n\n\n○単語\n→長文を読んでいく中で意味を覚えるものもありますがなるべく色々な意味を覚えておきましょう！\n\n○文法\n→助動詞は1番大変だけど頻出だから夏休み中にマスターした方がいいです！（おすすめは河合塾のステップアップノート）\nあと敬語もなかなか面倒くさいですが早いうちに終わらせましょう！\n\n○古文常識\n→早稲田志望であれば背景知識や古文常識はやっておいた方が良いです👍マドンナ古文常識を使ってました！\n\nこの3つの要素が固まってからやっと長文が読めるようになると思います。初めのうちはあまり長い文章だときついので短い文章を品詞分解（これが動詞、これが助動詞など）しながら丁寧にやっておくといいです。\n\nまた、受けるかは別としてセンターの過去問は良問が多いので演習に使えると思います🙆‍♀️\n\n質問者さんの場合はまず何より文法を夏休み中に完璧にしましょう！英語より覚えることはだいぶ少ないのであまり怖がらないでください！\n\n暑くなりますが体調に気をつけて頑張ってください💪"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文漢文がまずい"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n私は古文漢文が得意だったのでお答えします！\n\n質問者様がおっしゃる通り、単語はめちゃくちゃ大切です！でもまずは助動詞を覚えましょう！！助動詞が分からないと文脈がとれません。（否定を肯定で取ったり、使役を尊敬で取ったりしてしまうと意味がわからなくなる）\n\n助動詞を覚えるメリットはたくさんあります。\n主語が特定しやすくなる、文脈を掴みやすくなる、共テの文法問題が解けるようになる！！逆に言えば助動詞が分からないと何も分からないということです。\n\n私はブツブツ助動詞を唱えて覚えました。帰り道に「る、らる、す、さす、しむ、ず、じ、む、むず、まし、まほし……」（未然形接続の助動詞すべて）とかつぶやいてました笑 YouTubeにも覚え方を解説した動画があるのでぜひ\n\nしかし、質問者様は理系国公立を目指されているんですよね。でしたら古文漢文に時間を割くより他の教科を仕上げた方が良い、と言うこともできます。古文漢文は合わせて100点分だけど、共テの点数って圧縮されますし…（ある程度レベルの高い大学）\n\n他の教科（特に理系科目）に問題がないのであれば、古文漢文をきっちりやることを強く勧めます。\n\nやるのであれば、\n\n【古文】\n岡本梨奈先生のスタサプor参考書で古典文法を学ぶ\n単語帳をすすめる\n助動詞を覚える\n共テ演習\n\n【漢文】\n早覚え速答法\n共テ演習\n\nかなーと思います。古文ができると漢文もできるようになるので、古文からやることをオススメします。（ただ、共テの場合 漢文は高得点を取りやすいとよく言われているため、効率的に点数をとるなら漢文のみでもいいかもしれません）\n\n質問があればお答えします！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["東北大学教育学部"," ","84"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文単語が覚えられない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\n古典に限ったことではありませんが、私は英語も国語も例文丸ごと覚えました。単語をパッとみただけでは思い出せなくてもそういえばこの単語使った例文あったな、、とか和訳こんなんだったな、、などとその単語一つにつきさまざまな引き出しから意味を思い出せるようにしておくのが私個人的にはど忘れしにくい暗記方法だと思います。例文ごと覚えてしまえば文法も覚えられますしね。\n\nあとは音読をするのも手です。視覚だけではなく聴覚など他の五感も使うことでより身につくと思います。ラストスパート頑張ってください！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文の読解について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n古文は単語の他に文法が大切です！文法はYouTubeのただよびの吉野先生の授業動画がいいと思います！かなりわかりやすいくて一回10分なのでわからない文法のところだけ見るのでもおすすめです！\n\nそして、単語や文法を覚えても古文が読めないのは次のうちのどれかに原因があると思います。\n\n①  敬語ができなくて主語がうまくとれない\n\n②  古文の読解慣れしていない\n\n③  古文常識がわかっていない\n\nまずこのなかでも①が1番大切です！！\n単語と文法をやれば古文を読めると思っている方がほとんどだと思いますがそんなに古文は甘いものではないです！古文は敬語が頻繁にでてきて誰の動作を高めてとかがわからないとまったく意味がわからなくなってしまいます。古文において敬語は非常に重要です。これが尊敬でこれが謙譲と覚えるだけでなく、どういう動作の尊敬語なのか謙譲語なのかまでしっかり覚える必要があると思います！\nやり方としてはYouTubeの予備校ただよびでの吉野先生が今敬語についての授業（スーパ敬語法）が上がっているのでそれをみるのがおすすめです！自分も受験生時代吉野先生の授業を受けていたのですがとても分かりやすかったのでかなりおすすめです！\n\n②は古文にも漢文にも言えることなのですが英語と同じである程度なれていくことが必要なので1日1文くらいは読んでいったほうがいいと思います。（おすすめの参考書は1番の基礎で有れば古文上達基礎編、その上のレベルは河合塾からでている中堅私大古文演習、難関私大古文演習がおすめです！）\n\n③は意外と気にしないのですがかなり大切で、見落としがちなことが多いです！\n例えば垣間見とはどういうものなのかや、\n単語帳にはのっていない見出すと見入るの違い\n見出す（主語は女になって部屋から男をみる）\n見入る（主語は男になって部屋の外から女をみる）などなど色々あるので古文の世界をわかるということも大切です。\n参考書はマドンナ古文常識がおすすめです！\nこれを一冊しっかり読んで完璧にしましょう！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）頑張ってください！！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"いつから古文読解の勉強？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n古文は覚えることがかなり多いから今から単語と文法、特に助動詞と助詞に力を入れて勉強しよう！いくら読解力がついても最終的には単語と文法ができてないといい点数は取れません！\n\nさて、本題に入りますが、東大の古文漢文は難しいです。古文は、現代語訳と内容説明が問われるます。単語と文法は出来て当たり前の問題を出して来ます。そこで鍵となるのはやはり読解力。古文と言えど国語の試験なので因果関係をつかむことは非常に大切です。論理的思考ができないと全くと言っていいほど点が入らないと覚えておきましょう。現に模試などでも採点は厳しく、特に駿台、30点中5点など結構あります。たまに簡単な問題も入試で出ますが、簡単と言っても内容理解するのが簡単なだけで設問は難しいです。簡単に読める時は採点が厳しくなります。それこそ文法と単語を１つでもあやふやに書いたり訳し忘れてたりするともう命取りです。逆に難読な文章は若干採点が緩くなります。が、それでも解ける人が受かる人です。\n\n東大志望と言えどもピンからキリまでいます。本気で勉強して十分な学力がある人、ボーダーギリギリの人、他の人よりできるからなんとなく東大目指した人(俺ですね)などなどバラバラです。でもやはり受かる人は取るべきところをしっかり取り切り、難しいものでも食らいついて何点かとってきます。\n\nまた、読解を始める時期ですが、ある程度単語と文法が身についてからやることを勧めます。高2の夏くらいからやると余裕を持てるでしょう。ぜひ問題演習は過去問と模試の過去問を！それら以外は二次試験対策にやる必要はほとんどないです。強いて言うなら京大の古文は結構むずいのでオススメします。\n\n余談ですが、漢文は東大むずいので読解力を鍛えておくことをお勧めします。たまにマジで何言ってんのかわかんないのがあるので今からクソムズイ問題に慣れておきましょう！\n\n最後はやはり基礎！単語と文法を固めてたくさん演習しましょう！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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