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1a:Td7b,
まあ、まずセンター国語はクセモノですよね。

基礎力云々じゃないと思います。

センター国語は、
「情報処理のテスト」だと思ってください。
たしかに、古典漢文は基礎力があると高得点を望めるんですが、これも何が書いてあるかの情報を素早く処理する能力が試されています。

センター国語で点数が伸びない場合は、何回も何回も練習して、短時間で情報処理を処理して答えを出せるように訓練するのが一番良いです。

解く順番としては、
古文→漢文→評論→小説
をオススメします。

受験生の大部分の人の解く順番がこれらしいです。
そして、例えば、古文が難しくて、ここに時間をかけすぎて点数が低くなってしまっても、他の受験生もそうなっている可能性が高いです。

もし、漢文→古文→評論→小説
で解いてたとして、漢文が難しく、古文が簡単だった時、周りの受験生は高得点取っているのに、eiさんが最初の漢文でつまづいてしまって、点数をあまり取れないって可能性があります。

少し分かりにくかったかもしれませんが、要は、他の受験生の解く順番に合わせた方が良いということです。

それと、目安の時間は
古文20分→漢文15分→評論20分→小説18分
で、あまりは見直し等です。

最初は、練習として、
古文・漢文で40分で解く。
評論・小説で40分で解く。
のように分けて練習した方が良いですね。


では、本題の小説について。

自分は、物語の本とかアニメとか大好きで、センター国語の中で、小説が一番得意でした。

小説の解き方は、評論と基本は一緒です。

傍線部分解→骨格作り→該当箇所の要素を探す
っていうのが基本です。

センター国語の場合、傍線部分解と該当箇所の要素を探すことです。
「それっぽいこと言ってるな〜」って思っても、該当箇所が少し違っているみたいなことが多々あります。その情報処理をいかに早くやるかが大切です。

それで、小説で少し特有なのは、該当箇所を探す時なんですが、

「小説内の全ての事象は必然であり、要素になりうる」ってことです。

どういうことかというと、
例えば、
「太郎君は彼女にフラれて悲しんでいて、外では雨が降っている」
っていうのは、現実世界では、太郎君が悲しんでいて、"偶然"外で雨が降っているだけです。

一方、小説内だと、
太郎君の悲しさを表現したいために、
作者が"必然的に"雨を降らしているんです。

この辺をしっかり理解できていれば、小説解くのが面白くなりますよ。

ジブリとか見込むと、こういう
「ちょっとした表現が持つ意味の基本的な解釈」
っていうのが、自然と備わっていくんです。が、さすがに高3ですからね…。
意識すればできることだと思うので、ぜひ意識してみてください。


センター国語が苦手な場合は、訓練が必要です。
逆に訓練すれば、できるようになります。

頑張ってください！1b:T17f0,私は今国語の塾講師をやっています。中学、現役の頃にはあんなにできなかった国語を。ただ、ある時、気付きのターニングポイントが自分にはあって、それからみるみる成績が上がっていきました。

今も講師をやっていて思うのですが。
私たちはやたらめったら「解ける」ことに主眼を置きがちです。他の科目の性質である“得点”を意識しがちです。

しかし、国語は読書となんら変わりのない教科です。そして読書には得点は絡みません。

つまり私が言いたいのは、解くことを一回やめてほしいということです。

国語という教科は第１関門に「読む」があり、第２関門に「解く」があります。すなわち、読めないと解けないようにできてるし、問題作成者も読めないような所にフォーカスを当てて設問を練ります。我々の読解力で読み解けるレベルに応じ、得点が出るように適宜問題の難度を並び替えつつ。全部同じレベルの問題を出してしまうと、しっかりとしたデータ集積がてきないので。

そして、ある程度意義がわかったところで本題に移ります。

文章は英語と同様、小さな単位から大きな単位まであります。語→文→段落→意味段落→文章の順に。しかしながら我々は日本語であるという理由だけに、英語は下から学習していくのに対し、国語はいきなり文章に飛びついてしまいます。

まずは、語から考えます。大学入試レベルともなると語彙力は高校入試よりはるかに上回ります。そこで概念などを一通り学べるよう、単語集を英語と同様にやっていきます。
・現代文キーワード読解[改訂版]
・ことばはちからダ!現代文キーワード―入試現代文最重要キーワード20 (河合塾SERIES)
・入試漢字マスター1800+ (河合塾シリーズ)
と言ったものがオススメです。ちなみに、漢字も入れてありますがキーワードと漢字の参考書１冊ずつ完璧にするのが理想です。漢字問題集は漢字の設問を解くだけでなく、文章中に出てくる語彙の対策にもなるので甘くみてはいけません。

ここまでで、語は制覇できました。第１段階です。
第２段階として、今度は語が集まってできた文、文が集まってできた段落、段落が集まってできた文章へとフォーカスしていきます。
文と文、段落と段落については
・田村のやさしく語る現代文―代々木ゼミ方式
・現代文と格闘する (河合塾シリーズ)
と言ったものがオススメです。多分、こうやって言うと「解かないって言ってたやん！」とかツッコミ受けそうなのですが、この二冊は基本的に解くことに主眼を置かれてなく、読めているかどうかのチェックの問題がついてるだけで、実際の入試では到底出ないような問題です。

ここまでであらかた完了しているのですが、さらに文章読解を深めていくために、段落と段落の関係、さらには段落が集まってできた意味段落と意味段落同士の関係をより明確にできるような力の養成に入ります。
・高校生のための現代思想ベーシック ちくま評論入門 改訂版 (高校生のための現代文アンソロジー・シリーズ)
・高校生のための現代文ガイダンス ちくま評論文の読み方 (教科書関連)
この二冊は完璧に入試問題がついていません。読むためチェックはありますが。
ただこの二冊は聖光学院という東大輩出率の高い高校が夏休み課題として採用しているもので、東大出身者に定評のあるものです。
この２つで文章というものにダイレクトに向き合い、１つの文章を分析する力を養い、かつコンパクト化できるようにします。
結局のところ、現代文ができるというのは、文章を一読し、流れを理解しつつ内容をコンパクト化し、その上で設問に取り組めるということです。
この参考書では文章を読んでその流れを自分で予備校の先生みたいにチャート化できるよう努めてください。

そして、仕上げとして
・現代文読解力の開発講座 (駿台受験シリーズ)
で自分で実際に文章の流れを把握し、コンパクト化できているかチェックしてみてください。

ここまでくれば読みはオーケーです。そしたら遂に解く領域に入ります。もちろん過去問でも構いません。ただ導入としてオススメなのが
・現代文私大対策プラクティス―設問から攻める! (駿台受験シリーズ)
です。一通りの私大の現代文を体感するのにぴったりです。あとは
・入試現代文へのアクセス 基本編 (河合塾シリーズ)
も解説が丁寧なのでおススメです。

国公立の問題が入っているような参考書もあるかと思いますが、記述で書けないのに選択肢で選べるわけないので。
記述で解答を考える際にポイントとなるものを多く含んでいる選択肢が正解なわけで。
ちなみに消去法なんかずっとやってたらいつまでたっても伸びませんよ。

すごいでしょ？こんなに読みの参考書があったのに解きの参考書の量が圧倒的に少ないのは。でもそれだけ読みが重要だということです。
ここまでで多く語り尽くしたようにみえますが、実際はもっと語りたいことがあります。これ以上長くしても見る気を削ぐだけなので。とりまえず自分でできるように方向性は示せたと思います。

ぜひ頑張ってください。

2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=QriXWsq94XYFtbFm","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"小説の勉強"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",4,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"2/25 17:41"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"小説文といっても本質的な解き方は評論と全く変わりません。\n因果関係、対比、言い換えなどなど、、。\nまずは評論をしっかりと解けるようにしましょう。\nとはいえ早稲田を第一志望にしている人はしっかりとセンター利用でマーチを押さえたいですよね。\nですのでセンター模試と過去問を中心にセンターをやってその復習という形で小説もしっかりやるようにしましょう。\n小説単体での対策はあまり必要ないと思います。\n\n私の経験からも評論の勉強をしっかりとすると、小説を読みながら感情移入をしてしまい論理的にあり得ない選択肢を選んでしまうということが無くなり点数が安定するようになりましたので評論中心で問題ないと思いますよ。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"pppps17","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学法学部","adviceId":"QriXWsq94XYFtbFm","numberOfFan":70,"clipsAvg":8.808988764044944,"adviceRateAvg":4.630952380952381,"profile":""}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"みっきーさん、こんにちは😀\n一橋大学商学部の〆さばです。\n\n確かに小説やエッセイのパートは論説文に比べると点数が安定しませんでした。\n結論から言うと論説文とやり方は同じで求められる要素を文章中から見つけ出すだけです。\n\nですが、小説の場合はストーリーの方に頭がいってしまい、純粋にキーワード探しに集中することができなかったり、恣意的な解釈をしてしまうことが起きやすいために苦手にする人が多いです。点数のばらつきが大きいのもそのためです。\n\n対策としては感情移入をしないよう意識することです。文章中から必要な要素を見つけることがあくまで目的です。自分の感情に最も近い回答を選ぶことを求められているのではないと認識する必要があります。\n\n例えば、この場面ではこう考える「はずだ」→だからこれが答えだ\nこういう解答のプロセスをとっていると点数のばらつきが大きくなります。（高い時は高いが低い時は目も当てられない）\n\n一方で理想的な解答方法としては\nここにこう思ったと書いてある→だからこの記述に最も近いこれが答えだ\nこういった解答のプロセスが理想です。\n\n小説の、特に内容が面白い時は文章に釘付けになってしまうこともありますよね。ですがそれでは作成者の思う壺です。極端なことを言えば必要な要素さえ見つけられれば良いのですから全てのストーリーを把握する必要はないのです。（主人公のその後なんて考えるようではどうしようもないです）\n\nこれに関しては慣れるしかないと思います。ですのでセンター形式の問題集を用いて演習を重ねていくのが一番です。また、時間があるようでしたら要約の練習をしてみるのも効果的だと思います。以前の回答で要約のメリット等について書きましたのでそちらを参照していただけると幸いです。\n\n質問等あれば気軽にコメントください😀\nでは、受験勉強頑張ってください！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文 勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n現代文の復習の必要性は意見がかなり分かれるので\n参考程度に聞いてください。\n\n個人的には、、、\n予備校で扱ったものをしっかり復習することをすすめます。\n内容把握だけでなく、要約や\nなぜこれがあっているのか、なぜこれがまちがっているのか、なぜ答えはこれになるのか、等設問を自分で解説できるまで解き直してください！\n\n現役時代の僕は予備校で早大現代文をとってましたが復習を全くせず、\n全統記述の国語はずっと52〜53で、\n一般受験はマーチすら受かりませんでした。\n\n浪人時代の僕は予備校のテキストを上記のような復習を徹底し、\n他の問題集を一切やりませんでしたが、全統記述は65を下回ることはなくなり、\n早稲田も人科や教育には受かりました！\n\nですので、自分の経験からすると演習量は多くなくても一問一問丁寧に自分のものにしていくことが大事だと思います！\n他の教科と変わらないですね！\n\nセンターの時間配分についてですが、\n一般的には\n評論25分 小説20分 古文20分 漢文15分\nですが、\n自分は小説が苦手だったので、\n評論23分 小説22分 古文20分 漢文15分\nとし、また\n評論、古典、小説の順で解いてました！\n評論は読みながら解き進めてましたが、\n小説は一通り読んでから設問に移ってましたし、\nそれが自分がセンター対策やっていく中で最も安定する方法を模索した結果でした。\nなので、eiさんも自分でいろいろ工夫してみてください。\nあくまで一般論でいうと、\n時間配分は上記の通り、\n順番は問題順に解く！ということです。\n古典を読んだ後に、あの膨大な現代文を読む気が起きない、という人が多いようです。\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["慶應義塾大学商学部"," ","わすれらんねぇぇぇぇえええよ"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"国語を0から早稲田大学まで何をすれば良いか？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"早稲田の基本的な現代文のスタイルは、本当に基本なものを問うてきています。一部に四字熟語や慣用句の設問もありますが、そこは取れればラッキーみたいな部分なので、他の部分をどれだけミスらないか、がとても大切になってきます。\n\n質問者さんは早稲田文系を一括りにしていますが、その難易度は学部ごとに大きく異なります。商や教育といった基本しか問うていない学部をまず攻略するべきです。\n\nまずなにからすればいいのかということですが。\nカンタンです。\n\n〝読む〟ことです。\n\n文章を読んで、どこが意味段落の分かれ目で、どういう風な順序で説明してきているのか。一読で文章を簡素化する能力を鍛えることです。\n\n簡単な例でいえば、現代文の先生が黒板に書くようなチャートを書けるか？と言ったところが基準になってきます。\n\nそこでおススメなのが設問の付いていない評論文を読んでみることです。参考書で言えば、ちくまの評論文の読み方がおススメです。\n\nこの参考書には設問がなく、本当に〝読む〟ことにしかフォーカスを当てていません。その上、評論文の読み方、チャート、背景知識などさまざまな観点から評論を解析しています。\n\nその後に、普通の現代文の参考書に手を出してみてください。例えば駿台出版の現代文読解力の開発講座みたいな。\nここで〝解き方〟を学んでいくのです。\n\nまず〝読む〟そして〝解く〟\nぜひ試してみてください。\n\n［長くなりすぎたので古典に関しては別で質問下さい。答えます。］"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文の正答率を上げたい"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。昨年受験した者です。\n自分は受験期後半の現代文は河合塾の現代文アクセスの基本編、難関私大編そしてマナビスの講座で対策しました。個人的には現代文は数をこなすことが第一だと思います。自分がアクセスを使ってたのでアクセスをお勧めしますが、他の問題集でも自分のレベルより少し上で、解説が充実していれば何を使ってもいいと思います。また、センターの大問2についてですが、これに関しても数をこなす必要があると思います。例えばセンター過去問30年分(赤本の分厚いやつ)を大問2だけに絞って毎日2.3年分やるだけなら時間もかかりすぎずに対策になると思います。また、もし併願先として考えているのであれば早稲田の国教の過去問には小説が19年度まであったので解いてみるのも一つの手です。(国教の国語なので難しすぎることはないですが、結構根拠の薄弱な問題が多い印象ですが…)\nただ、早稲田では小説は基本でないので共通対策のためだけであればあまり焦らなくてもいいのかとは思います。ただ、評論と小説では読み方が全く異なる(着眼点の違い、筆者の主張か登場人物の心情変化か)のでそこには気をつけていただきたいです。そして、一度解いたものは時期を開けて必ず解き直してください。もし、解き直した際に自分なりに説明ができて、正答を選べるなら理解は深めてますし、間違えてしまうのであれば前回の正答が偶然か、ミスを理解できてないということなのでしっかり復習するべきです。\nまだ、数をこなし挽回する時間は十分にあると思うので頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田合格の為に文法はどれくらい必要なのか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず、文法＝文法問題のために勉強する、というのは間違っています。構文解釈も長文練習も文法も全ては英語を理解し、読めるようになるためにあるのです。\n\n文法がガタガタでも長文を読めるという人がたまにいますが、それは雰囲気だとか、感覚でなんとなく読めているだけであって、本質的な理解とは程遠いです。しかも、早稲田の問題はそのような「感覚で読んでる人間を排除する」ための問題だと私は思っています。\n\n例えば、「certain」という単語は叙述用法か限定用法かで意味が全く違うものになりますが、問題作成者側は文脈だとかでその違いを見抜けないように作ります。なぜなら、上位大学の入試は「落とすための試験」だからです。問題によくある英文の和訳問題も文法的な知識がない、何となくの訳では減点されまくります。\n\nまた、英文解釈と文法の関係についてですが、英文解釈の際に必要な文型だとか、単語と熟語の知識が伴えば文法問題も解けるので、予備校講師の方の言ってることは間違ってないと思います。\n\n最後に、文法問題をやる意義について再度説明します。夏の時点で旧センター試験の文法パートができないが、長文は解ける学生と文法パートはできるものの、長文が解けない学生の2人がいるとします。その後の成績の伸びが良いのは明らかに後者です。これは私が受験生の時から講師をしてる今まで見てきた中での傾向です。\n\nまとめると、「文法、英文解釈ができないのに長文を読めるはずがない。早稲田レベルともなると尚更」って感じです。具体性が足りなければ、追加でコメントください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"センター試験と早稲田の問題"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"結論から言うと、センター対策はしなくていいです。\n国語は、早稲田の対策をしていれば自然とセンターの問題も解けるようになっていきます。主な理由として、センターが簡単だから、ということもありますが、それ以上に、センターの国語のほうが答えの根拠が明確です。早稲田の国語は最高レベルに難しいです(慶應は小論文なので)。それは、文章の難易度もありますが、答えの根拠探しが難しい、つまり、答えを絞りにくいということにあります。早稲田の国語をしっかりと対策していけば、文章レベルも比較的簡単で、根拠も明確なセンターも自然と解けるようになるのです。実際、僕もセンター国語の得点率7割くらいの時にはバンバン早稲田の過去問に突入していました。その結果自然とセンターも解けるようになっていきました。\nただ１つ気をつけてほしいのは、センター試験は年によって問題の難易度に波があるということ、そしてなにより、時間制限の厳しさです。また、謎に悪問が出たりする年もあります。そこを考慮すると、下手をすると早稲田よりも難しいと言える年もあるのです。\nなので、僕がオススメするのは、センター当日、どうしても間に合わない、終わらないと思った時は、古漢を思い切って切り捨てるということです。僕はセンター当日、今まで8割9割取れていたのに、緊張もあったからか、パニクッて終わらないと感じました。そこで僕は古文と漢文を解くことを諦め、現代文に80分費やしました。青山学院の国際経済学部センター利用は、センター試験がおわってから、英語、国語現代文のみ、社会で出願できるのでそれを狙いました。偏差値も高いのでオススメです。このように、古文漢文なしで出願できるセンター利用をオススメします。\n改めると、何が言いたいかというと、センター試験はそのあとにひかえる私文入試の通過点であり、結果で一喜一憂する必要もなければ、そこに全力を出す必要もないということです。センター利用が取れればいいのは確かですが、仮に取れなくても落ち込むことはないです。当日、勇気を持って古文漢文を捨てることや、練習としていい緊張感を持って臨むなど、練習としてうまくセンター試験を利用してください。\n頑張ってください応援してます。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田志望 現代文について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私が1番お勧めしてるのは過去問をたくさん解く事です。\n私も最初は現代文が苦手でした。\n東進にも通っていたのですが現代文は覚える事がないから授業意味なくない？と思って全く講座を取っていませんでした。\n私は慶應早稲田の文系学部全ての過去問を集められるだけ集め、現代文は週に1題、小論文も週に1題解き、現代文の記述問題と小論文は学校の先生に添削してもらってました。\nまず時間を計って解き、次に時間を計らずに解き辞書で語句を補いながら満点を確信する解答にして採点し、間違えてた問題は解説を読まずにまた自力で解答の根拠を本文から探してきて最後に解説読んで自分の解答の根拠が合ってた確認するという勉強を徹底的に繰り返しました。\n最初は評論も小説も何のこっちゃ分からんわって感じだったんですが少しずつ早慶レベルの難解な評論、小説に慣れていき同時に語彙力も高まっていきました。\n高校の進路指導室にある早慶の赤本は全て解いたし志望順位の高い学部の過去問は古い赤本をアマゾンで仕入れて来てとにかく過去問を周回しました。\n高2の夏、偏差値40の状態から早慶の過去問解き初めて高3の夏以降は学部にもよりますが早稲田は8割以上安定し、マーク模試は評論小説合わせて1ミス以内が安定する様になりました。\n早慶オープンの慶應文の小論文は9割超えてました。\nただ参考書や問題集をやるより本番レベルの過去問をやった方が何倍も力付くなと思いました。\n学部時代家庭教師のバイトをしていたのですがその時も現代文小論文は最初から過去問をやらせてました。もちろん全員を早慶に送り込んだ訳ではありませんがみな現代文の力は格段に伸びてました。\n学校の進路指導室の赤本から始めるのでお金はコピー代しかかかりませんし金銭的にも負担は少ないかと思います。\n参考になったら幸いです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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