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18:I[3194,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"CommentPostButton"] 19:I[6411,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"CommentItemAvatar"] 1a:I[6549,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"CommentItemName"] 1b:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1c:Tfc1,あるぶるさん、こんにちは。 今回は英語の和訳問題、説明問題の大きく2つに分けて解説していければと思います。 ◎和訳問題 なぜいつも和訳で減点されてしまうのでしょうか。逆に、"減点されない"和訳とはなんでしょうか？まず初めに、"減点されない"和訳というのを説明したいと思います。 ★"減点されない"和訳 ①原文と違わない(構文把握、単語) ②原文なしで分かる(文脈) ③日本語として正しい ①、減点の多くはここです。構文がとれてなかった、単語の訳を間違えた、などなどキリがないです。単語を間違えれば当然減点されますし、構文も取れていなければ減点されます。 ②、単語、構文は分かっているのに点がこない。それは文脈がとれていないからです。試しに、次の一文を訳してみてください。 I don't like him because he is rich. どのように訳したでしょうか。 ･彼は金持ちなので私は彼が好きではない このように訳しましたか？これは正解です。ですがこのようにも訳せるのではないでしょうか。 ･彼が彼を好きなのは彼が金持ちだからではない これも正解です。これは所謂"否定の範囲"というやつですが、何が言いたいかというと文脈で英語の訳はいくらでも変化するということです。これだけでなく代名詞が何を指すのか、なども意識しなければ当然減点対象です。 ③、傍線部中に"black-and-white television"と出てきたらどう訳しますか？当然、"白黒テレビ"と訳すと思います。しかし英語を直訳すれは"黒白テレビ"のはずです。これが"日本語として正しい"ということです。 英語の訳に意訳、直訳などというものはなくて、すべては上の3点です。上の3点がクリアされていれば減点されることは絶対にありません。とくに②、③は以後気をつけてみてください。 ◎説明問題 説明問題については、回答作成の手順を解説したいと思います。 ★説明問題の回答作成手順 ①該当箇所の発見 ②字数調整 ③文末表現チェック ①、説明問題で点がこない大半はここが間違えています。説明問題の基本のキは該当箇所の発見です。どの模試の解説を読んでも、どの過去問を解いても、ほぼ必ず回答の根拠となる"該当箇所"があります。ここを外せば点はまず来ません。ですが心配することはありません。逆に言えば、該当箇所さえ発見してしまえばあとはそこをうまく訳すだけです。見つけた瞬間、"しめた！"と思ってください。 ②、多くの説明問題にはこんな条件がついているのではないでしょうか。"𓏸𓏸字以内で" "𓏸𓏸字程度で" これらの条件は、"ヒント"です。問題作成者がこのくらいかな、という目安をつけてくれているということです。これは該当箇所の発見に大きく役立ちます。また、"𓏸𓏸字以内"とは"-1割~ちょうど"、"𓏸𓏸字程度"とは"±1割"が一般的です。 ③、ここで減点されてはもったいない。 「~な理由はなぜか」ときたら「~だから。」と書かなければいけないし、「~とはどういうことか」ときたら「~ということ。/~こと。」と書かなければいけません。最後に必ず文末表現のチェックを行いましょう。 和訳、説明問題はこれさえ押さえれば必ず得点源になります。ぜひ今回紹介したことを頭に入れたうえで模試などの解き直しを再度してみてください。こうすればよいのか、というのが分かるはずです。 応援してます、頑張ってください。1d:T1b43,　筆者の主張を判別するために意識すべき点についていくつか書こうと思います。 ①断定的な表現について 　例えば、「勉強において有酸素運動がもたらす恩恵は大きい。」という文と、「勉強において有酸素運動がもたらす恩恵は大きいのである。」という文では、後者の方がより断定的な表現です。断定的な表現は、それだけその分の内容に強みを持たせる働きがあり、文章の書き手からすれば、自分が読者に伝えたい内容ほど、無意識にそれを強めるべく断定的な表現を使ってしまいます。私も実際、大学でレポート課題を何度も課されては書いてきましたが、最も伝えたい結論部分などは無意識に断定的な表現を使ってしまいます。なので、「～なのである」「～のである」「～なのだ」といった、断定的な表現があったら、筆者の主張はここではないかと疑ってみましょう。 ②接続詞について 　例えば、(A)「朝食を食べることによって、外部からの刺激を受け、目が覚める」、(B)「一日三食をちゃんと食べることが健康維持には大事である」、(C)「咀嚼は一定のリズムで体を動かすリズム運動のうち最も手軽なもので、これにより、脳内にセロトニンが分泌され、目覚めも良くなり頭もすっきりする」という３つの文章があったとします。これだけでは、どの文も重要性においては同じで、このうち筆者が最も言いたいことは何かということは判別がつきません。しかし、この後に(D)「したがって、朝食は毎朝食べるべきである」と続いた場合はどうでしょうか。「したがって」という因果関係を表す接続詞があることによって、たちまち(A)、(B)、(C)はいずれも(D)を導くための布石に過ぎないことになります。実際の評論文では、例えば(A)という一つの根拠を書くためにも、具体例やさらに(A)自体を導くための根拠などを示し、一つあるいは複数の段落を丸々使って書かれることも多々あります。なので、その情報の重要度や文章全体における役割がなんであるかを意識して読まないと、長い文章に当たった時ほど筆者の主張を見落としやすくなります。これを防ぐために、文と文との間の接続詞に注目し、両者の関係、そして文章全体の構造に常に焦点を当てることを心がけましょう。このほかにも、「要するに」「つまり」など、それ以前の内容をまとめるはたらきの接続詞にも注意しましょう。長い文章ほど、筆者自身が所々で何を言いたいのかをまとめてくれることには大変ありがたく感じます。 ③逆接の接続詞には特に注意 　以下の二つを比べてみましょう。 (a)「彼は秀才だが、運動はからきしだめだ。」 (b)「彼は運動はからきしだめだが、秀才だ。」 「彼は秀才だ」という情報と、「彼は運動はからきしだめだ」という情報の伝わる強度が、(a)では後者の方が強く、(b)では逆に前者の方が強く感じると思います。このように、読者にとって逆接の後の情報はそれより前の情報よりも強く伝わります。この性質を利用して、筆者は自分が伝えたい情報を逆接の後にもって来たり、「もちろん～である」と反対意見に譲歩したうえで、「しかし～」と逆接を使って自分の主張を強めたり（譲歩逆接構文）する工夫をします。なので、逆接の接続詞が来たら、その後に書かれている内容にはより一層の注意を払いましょう。 　余談ですが、このように、情報に順序をつけることによって、その伝わる強度に違いをもたせる表現の技巧を、香西秀信さんは『レトリック探究法』内の「事実は『配列』されているか？」において、「順序のレトリック」と称して細かく説明されています。興味のある方は読んでみると面白いかもしれませんね。 ④本文の構造について（主に統括のしかた） 　筆者の主張とその根拠が、「（主張）なぜなら、～（根拠）」と書かれるか、「（根拠）したがって～（主張）」と書かれるのかといった違いです。例えば一つの段落があった時に、段落の冒頭で主張が述べられる場合と、段落の末尾で主張が述べられる場合があります。どこに主張があるかで、さっきまで読んでいた内容が何の役割をもっているのかわからなくなる時があります。なので、その文章、その段落において、主張がどこに書かれているのか、すなわち、ひとつの大きな内容についてどこで統括が行われているのかを常に把握するよう努めることが、文章を読むに当たり重要になってきます。 　以上の４点だけでも意識するだけでかなり変わると思います。これら以外にも、評論文を読むために意識すべきことはたくさんあります。上で挙げた点を含め、そのほかの点については、『現代文標準問題精講』（旺文社）に勝る参考書はないと思います。この参考書は、評論文の比重が圧倒的に重いですが、評論文を読むのが苦手だったり、評論文を読む力を極めたいという人には最強の参考書だと個人的には評価しています。私が受験生時代に使った参考書のうち、一番好きな参考書です。参考書を選ぶ際の参考にぜひ。 　最後に、センスで点が取れる人は、幼少期から多くの本を読んでいたりして、その圧倒的な経験による慣れの産物なのか、無意識に重要な部分とそうでない部分が判別できてしまうという人がほとんどだと思います（私の周りではそうでした）。しかし、自分の中でちゃんと根拠をもって情報の重要度を判別できないと、自分がどのように文章を読んでいたのかが自分自身でわからないので、スランプに陥るなどしたときにそこからなかなか復帰できないことがしばしばです。そのため、センスに頼って問題を解くのは、それで満足に点が取れているうちはまだいいとしても、その実かなりのリスクを負っているとも言えます。なので、センスを磨くのではなく、実力を磨くことに重点を置くべきであると私は思います。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"if について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",11,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"2/13 14:15"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_ulEVP7LgubbzpS9JfgJ3taTE9T02.jpg?alt=media&token=2d3064da-b4c4-424c-a6f8-8aeb57f90921","clientUserName":"浪人できない","infoString":"高2 東京都 慶應義塾大学経済学部(68)志望","adviceId":"QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"仮定法現在と副詞節のif の違いが分かりません!\nもしわかるお方がいれば教えてください🙏"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_18A8958FD1B94C699F282C04D46747EC.jpg?alt=media&token=e9a08aa9-7fb4-4679-85f9-f1f5014aad69","adviserName":"やかやかさん","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学商学部","adviceId":"QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"まず、仮定法の定義は「現実ではあり得ないこと」です。仮定法においては現実的ではないということを表すために時制を1つ下げます。対して普通のifではそのようなことは起こらないのでそこが違いと言えるかと思います。\n\nしかし、大事なのはifではありません。仮定法において、最優先で見つけるべきなのは「助動詞の過去形」です。上記のように時制を1つ下げるというシステムのため、仮定法においてはwouldやcouldなどの助動詞の過去形がほぼ確実に登場します。実際、仮定法にはifを省略した形が幾つも存在するため、注視すべきはifではなく助動詞の過去形です。というよりは、基本的に助動詞の過去形を見つけた時は仮定法を疑うべきだと思っています。(ex. I couldn't be happier.など)\n\nまとめると、大きな違いは\n・仮定法は時制が1つ下がってる\n・助動詞の過去形の有無\n・ifはそこまで重要ではない\nといった形になります。お役に立てれば幸いです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_18A8958FD1B94C699F282C04D46747EC.jpg?alt=media&token=e9a08aa9-7fb4-4679-85f9-f1f5014aad69","adviserName":"やかやかさん","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学商学部","adviceId":"QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc","numberOfFan":164,"clipsAvg":7.549828178694158,"adviceRateAvg":4.494201030927835,"profile":"早稲田商学部現役合格。得意科目は英語と世界史でした。\n塾講師の経験をもとに、具体的かつ現実的な提案を心がけます。\n基本的にリアリストです。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":["コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","$L18",null,{"adviceId":"QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_ulEVP7LgubbzpS9JfgJ3taTE9T02.jpg?alt=media&token=2d3064da-b4c4-424c-a6f8-8aeb57f90921","contributorName":"浪人できない","adviceId":"QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"浪人できない","adviceId":"QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"2/14 0:13"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"めっちゃわかりやすいです！\nありがとうございました😊"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_18A8958FD1B94C699F282C04D46747EC.jpg?alt=media&token=e9a08aa9-7fb4-4679-85f9-f1f5014aad69","contributorName":"やかやかさん","adviceId":"QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"やかやかさん","adviceId":"QlKC8X4BTqPwDZPuITfc"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"2/14 22:06"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"良かった！頑張ってください！"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/TOK2IDqz0Ln0AIPVFLAt","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"文法問題は訳？それとも文法事項？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"はじめまして！\n\n個人的な意見ですが、文法問題を和訳から考えると間違えやすくなります。というのも、単語から勝手に意味を考える癖をつけると実際は全く逆の状況だった時に対応できないからです。例えば現在分詞と過去分詞は形容詞になると能動と受動と逆の意味になりますが、意味を先に決定してしまうとその二択を根拠を持って選べなくなります。\n\n結局文法問題のほとんどは正解の選択肢以外はそもそも文法的に成り立たない文章であることが多いです。なので意味は解く段階では必要ない時が多いです(訳して違和感がないか確認することはやりますが)。\nなので文法問題を解く時に何を考えているかという問いの答えは、「文法的に矛盾しないorこれしかない選択肢を探す」です。\nごく稀にどちらも文法的には問題がないため、意味で最後決めるということもあります。そういう時は文法的には間違ってないが常識的にありえない選択肢になっているので迷わないと思います。\n\n話は少し逸れますが、文法的に間違いがないかどうかをどう考えるのか、についてです。\n私個人のやり方としては、品詞分解をします。主節や関係詞節、副詞節をまず見極めて、それぞれの節事に考えます。節によっては前置詞がないと成立しないとか受身にならないと行けないなど制約があるはずです。それを考えます。\n場合によっては選択肢の中には品詞が全部異なってこの品詞しか入らないからこれしかないみたいなことも意外とあります。また選択肢の直後に名詞が来れるのがひとつしかないみたいなこともあります。つまり本文分析の後に選択肢を分析すると自動的に答えが出ることもあるというのも覚えておくと有用かと思います。\n\n以上です。\n具体例がないのでなかなか説明が抽象的になってしまって申し訳ないです。もしもっと詳細に聞きたい等あればコメントお願いします。\nこれから暑くなりますが、頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語長文の和訳について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"回答させて頂きます！\n\n和訳問題で重要なのは単語ではなく実は文法です。\nもちろん、単語も必要になることはありますが、和訳の問題で解かせたいのは単語をどれだけやって来たかではなく、文法を理解しているかの方が問いたい大学が多いと思います。\n\n簡単な例えをすると、ifをーーかどうかと訳すかもしで訳すかは文法によって決まります。\n\nなので、あくまで文法で訳すことができないかと考えて下さい。\n第一文型なのか、2なのか3なのかさえわかればある程度の意味は推測できたりすることも多いです。\n\nわからない単語はそこからやりましょう！！\n\nそれと、単語でわからないものはしょうがないので気にしないでください。無視です。周りの文章からどういう話かでどういう系の単語かわかることもあります。\n\nまた、本番以外の場では単語が分からなくても次の本番で同じ単語が出てきたら絶対わかるように。と心掛けるだけで十分です。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"この分からない問題をはやく消化したい"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"otherwiseには「さもないと」に代表されるようにイメージとしては「違う方面」(物理的、時間的など様々な意味で)のような意味があります。\n\nこの文を直訳すると\n\n彼は 私に思い出させてくれた 私が忘れてしまったかもしれないことを\n\nという感じでしょうか。\n\n彼が思い出させてくれたということは彼が教えてくれたり、指摘してくれたりしたためだと推測できるので、注意という表現を用いて訳すと、\n\n注意しなけ\"れば\"忘れてしまっていたたことを彼は思い出させてくれた\n\n\n日本語で綺麗に訳すとここのあたりでotherwiseを訳として組み込むことができます。(ればの部分です)\n\nこれをもっと噛み砕いた言い方にするとぺぺさんがみた訳のようになるのではないでしょうか？\n\n文章のため伝えたいことが正確に伝わっているかどうかわかりませんが参考になれば嬉しいです。\n\n一つだけアドバイスとして、言語は様々な時代にほとんど独立して発展してきたものです。そのため、英単語の訳が直接日本語に直した時にあると不自然な意味になってしまうことがあります。\n映画の字幕と音声をきいてみると、翻訳家の方がどれだけ直訳と違うことを日本語にしているかがわかると思います。\nなので、多少のニュアンスの違いは気にせず、文自体の意味が間違えていなければ大丈夫なのであまり神経質にならず勉強しましょう。\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文解釈について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英文解釈をやる意味がわからないということですね？\n\n2つ例文を出します。\n\n・Whatever goes through the mind of a human being and is altered by it is creative.\n\n・I think that that that that that boy wrote is wrong.\n\n前者は構文把握のプラチカからの引用、後者はネットとかでもよく使われる有名な文です。\n\n・それぞれ、何も見ないで\"何となく\"ではなく完璧な日本語訳ができる場合\n\n・早稲田の過去問を引っ張りだしてみてください。辞書有りで読み、解いてみて、\"内容をほぼ完璧に把握\"しつつ、満点に近い点が取れる場合\n\n以上の2つの場合、英文解釈をやらなくてもいいと思います。(私の経験上では、英文解釈の訓練を積まないと不可能だと思います)\n\nまた、早稲田商の英語は日本語訳問題が少しありますが、それぞれ何となく読めるだけの感覚的な訳出では容赦なく減点されます。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"使役動詞について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！東北大学文学部のkitaです！\nお答えさせて頂きます！\n\n\nそもそも、SVOCでCが名詞や形容詞では無い時、つまり動詞みたいな（原型やto不定詞）ときはOとCの間に、主述の関係が起こります。\nもっと簡単に言うと、OはSっぽく、CはVっぽくなるのです。（今回は、S´とV´と表記しますね😉）\n\nつまり、例えば\nThe news made me happy.\nという文があったら、\nS＝The news \nV＝ made\nO（S´）＝ me\nC（V´）＝ happy\nとなります。\nこのとき、そのニュースは私を幸せにさせた、だと不自然ですが、Sを副詞っぽく、S´とV´を意識すると、そのニュースにより（のおかげで）私は幸せになった、と自然な日本語になります。\nこれは、使役動詞など第5文型で言えることです。\n\nでは、本題に入ると、①have O 原型、②have O 過去分詞\nについてですが、①の場合、S´とV´が能動の関係（S´がV´する）にあります。逆に、②の場合は、S´とV´が受動の関係（S´がV´される）という感じです。よくある例文だと、②ではOがお金、Cが盗まれたみたいな感じで、受動の関係ですね😉\n\n自分も最初はなかなか理解出来ず苦労したので、とても気持ちが分かります😖\nもし、この回答で少しでもスッキリ出来たら嬉しいです☺️\n\n最後に、浪人できないさんの目標が達成できることをお祈りしています。\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"難しい模試の英文法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"使用している参考書から気になった部分がありますので、回答させていただきます。\n\n長文など他は取れていると言うことで、単語、長文読解には問題はないと思います。\n\n難しい文法で取れない人の特徴として、文法をそのまま暗記している事が多いです。\n\n参考書を見るからに解説があまり詳しくないネクステなどを使用していると言う事で正にその人に当てはまるのでは？と考えます。\n\n解決法はまず、文法に対してなぜこうなるのか？と言うのを考えてください。\n\n一つ例を出しますが、\nWhat do you do?\nと\nWhat are you doing?\nの違いを正確になぜこうなるのか理解していますでしょうか？\n\n問題は現在か現在進行形かです。\nですが、この違いを正確に把握している受験生は塾講師の経験から各年代に1人くらいでした。\n\n現在進行形はそのまま現在進んでいる事柄が基本です。\n近い未来に使うこともありますが、それは例えば受験をする未来に勉強を今もしているので特別使えるだけなので気にしないでください。\n\n問題は現在形です。\n現在形とはいつ？と聞くとほとんどの人はポカンとします。\n現在形と現在進行形を分けられていないからです。\n現在形は（過去）現在（未来）形と覚えると楽です。\n例　I go to school. 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