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1a:I[6549,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"CommentItemName"] 1b:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1c:T17f0,私は今国語の塾講師をやっています。中学、現役の頃にはあんなにできなかった国語を。ただ、ある時、気付きのターニングポイントが自分にはあって、それからみるみる成績が上がっていきました。 今も講師をやっていて思うのですが。 私たちはやたらめったら「解ける」ことに主眼を置きがちです。他の科目の性質である“得点”を意識しがちです。 しかし、国語は読書となんら変わりのない教科です。そして読書には得点は絡みません。 つまり私が言いたいのは、解くことを一回やめてほしいということです。 国語という教科は第１関門に「読む」があり、第２関門に「解く」があります。すなわち、読めないと解けないようにできてるし、問題作成者も読めないような所にフォーカスを当てて設問を練ります。我々の読解力で読み解けるレベルに応じ、得点が出るように適宜問題の難度を並び替えつつ。全部同じレベルの問題を出してしまうと、しっかりとしたデータ集積がてきないので。 そして、ある程度意義がわかったところで本題に移ります。 文章は英語と同様、小さな単位から大きな単位まであります。語→文→段落→意味段落→文章の順に。しかしながら我々は日本語であるという理由だけに、英語は下から学習していくのに対し、国語はいきなり文章に飛びついてしまいます。 まずは、語から考えます。大学入試レベルともなると語彙力は高校入試よりはるかに上回ります。そこで概念などを一通り学べるよう、単語集を英語と同様にやっていきます。 ・現代文キーワード読解[改訂版] ・ことばはちからダ!現代文キーワード―入試現代文最重要キーワード20 (河合塾SERIES) ・入試漢字マスター1800+ (河合塾シリーズ) と言ったものがオススメです。ちなみに、漢字も入れてありますがキーワードと漢字の参考書１冊ずつ完璧にするのが理想です。漢字問題集は漢字の設問を解くだけでなく、文章中に出てくる語彙の対策にもなるので甘くみてはいけません。 ここまでで、語は制覇できました。第１段階です。 第２段階として、今度は語が集まってできた文、文が集まってできた段落、段落が集まってできた文章へとフォーカスしていきます。 文と文、段落と段落については ・田村のやさしく語る現代文―代々木ゼミ方式 ・現代文と格闘する (河合塾シリーズ) と言ったものがオススメです。多分、こうやって言うと「解かないって言ってたやん！」とかツッコミ受けそうなのですが、この二冊は基本的に解くことに主眼を置かれてなく、読めているかどうかのチェックの問題がついてるだけで、実際の入試では到底出ないような問題です。 ここまでであらかた完了しているのですが、さらに文章読解を深めていくために、段落と段落の関係、さらには段落が集まってできた意味段落と意味段落同士の関係をより明確にできるような力の養成に入ります。 ・高校生のための現代思想ベーシック ちくま評論入門 改訂版 (高校生のための現代文アンソロジー・シリーズ) ・高校生のための現代文ガイダンス ちくま評論文の読み方 (教科書関連) この二冊は完璧に入試問題がついていません。読むためチェックはありますが。 ただこの二冊は聖光学院という東大輩出率の高い高校が夏休み課題として採用しているもので、東大出身者に定評のあるものです。 この２つで文章というものにダイレクトに向き合い、１つの文章を分析する力を養い、かつコンパクト化できるようにします。 結局のところ、現代文ができるというのは、文章を一読し、流れを理解しつつ内容をコンパクト化し、その上で設問に取り組めるということです。 この参考書では文章を読んでその流れを自分で予備校の先生みたいにチャート化できるよう努めてください。 そして、仕上げとして ・現代文読解力の開発講座 (駿台受験シリーズ) で自分で実際に文章の流れを把握し、コンパクト化できているかチェックしてみてください。 ここまでくれば読みはオーケーです。そしたら遂に解く領域に入ります。もちろん過去問でも構いません。ただ導入としてオススメなのが ・現代文私大対策プラクティス―設問から攻める! (駿台受験シリーズ) です。一通りの私大の現代文を体感するのにぴったりです。あとは ・入試現代文へのアクセス 基本編 (河合塾シリーズ) も解説が丁寧なのでおススメです。 国公立の問題が入っているような参考書もあるかと思いますが、記述で書けないのに選択肢で選べるわけないので。 記述で解答を考える際にポイントとなるものを多く含んでいる選択肢が正解なわけで。 ちなみに消去法なんかずっとやってたらいつまでたっても伸びませんよ。 すごいでしょ？こんなに読みの参考書があったのに解きの参考書の量が圧倒的に少ないのは。でもそれだけ読みが重要だということです。 ここまでで多く語り尽くしたようにみえますが、実際はもっと語りたいことがあります。これ以上長くしても見る気を削ぐだけなので。とりまえず自分でできるように方向性は示せたと思います。 ぜひ頑張ってください。 1d:T156a,まずは質問の中心的な内容の読解や和訳について回答した上で、以前私がまとめた英訳についての内容も付け足しておきます（英訳の考え方も、十分今回の質問の内容と関連してきます。） まずは読解や和訳ですね。 一つ目の課題としては、長文の読み方の改善かと思います。早慶の英語は長く、難しいのが多いので、最初から完璧に解ろうとしない方がいいです。一番おすすめの読み方は、まず軽く読む（例えば、段落の最初の１、２文と最後の文だけを読む）などをすることで、全体の文章の大筋を掴むことです。これを英語でskimと言います。それで大体内容がわかったら、設問を見ると、大概段落ごとに最初から内容把握を確認する選択問題がありますよね。あとは空欄補充とか。いずれにせよ、もう一度、精読する段階で、一緒にわかる設問は解いてしまいましょう。それで最後に全然わからない問題をもう一度文章を確認しながら解くというのが一番時間効率が良いです。この時間効率は読む速さもそうですが、理解度も格段上がるので、ひつじさんの言う、「問題に悩む時間」も減るかと思います。 二つ目の課題が和訳が意味がわからないものになってしまう、ということです。多分ひつじさんはなんとなく、文法もわかっていて、部分では訳せるけど全体で意味を統合するのが難しい、という悩みを抱えていると思いますが、その場合は、修飾節などを一旦取り払い、どこがメインの主語部分と動詞部分なのか、というところを徹底して行いましょう。 ここまでメインの回答ですが、あとは英語の理解の仕方で英訳の方法も参考になる（言い換えの技術など）と思いますので、貼っておきます。 東大受験生向けに当初書いたものですが、早稲田にも十分当てはまります（ただ、記述が早慶は少ないぶん、参考程度に読んでみてください） 東大英語で何よりも大切なのは「自然な英語」なのです。そのような英語を理解できるかを問うのが読解や和訳、そのような英語を書けるのかを問うのかが英訳や英作文です。 では、「自然」とはどういうことなのか、一つの例を使って説明しましょう。京都大学の2015年（東大の過去問をネタバレになるので避けています）の英訳の問題で、「パンがふくらむ」という箇所がありました。 「ふくらむ」は直訳をすれば、balloonあたりでしょうか。もっと直訳してexpand, inflateなどとしてしまうかもしれません。 これでは全く「パン」という文脈にあっていませんね。 では、パンがふくらむ時というのは発酵する時だから、「発酵」＝ fermentはどうだろう、と考えるかもしれません。これはballoonなどよりはマシですが、まだ三角です。 一番良い答えは「rise」です。ただ、これを知っている受験生はほとんどいないといいでしょう。 この例で伝えたいポイントは主に二つあります。 ①「全体」から見て自然な英語を使いこなそう！ ②わからない場合は「言い換え」 ①「全体」から見て自然な英語を使いこなそう！ 「ふくらむ」がballoonの時がいい場合ももちろんあります。では、どのようなワードチョイスをすべきかは文脈依存です。そのために多読・多聴が欠かせません。 もう一つここで重要なのが、大学受験の英語に難しい語彙は要らないということです。「rise」は中学生なら誰でも知っている単語です。ただ、これをこの文脈で使うという用法はほとんどの受験生が知りません。 ということは、英語の文章を読む際などには、今まで知らない単語を覚える、ということももちろん大切ですが、それ以上に「今まで知らなかった使い方」を身につけるということが圧倒的に大切です。 簡単な語彙こそ多様な用法を持ち、自然な場面で用いるのが難しいのです。 ②わからない場合は「言い換え」 ほとんどの受験生はこの問題を見た時、「rise」という単語を思いつかなかったでしょうか。その際に、点数を少しでも稼げた受験生はたぶん「言い換え」をしていたはずです。 つまり、「ふくらむ」では訳せそうに無いのであれば、「発酵」(=ferment)としてみたり、もっと攻めて「大きくなる」(=get larger)などとして見た方が、balloonと投げやりに直訳するよりよっぽど点数は残るはずです。 普段英訳などをする際、ピッタリの単語が思いつかない際、多くの受験生は、「これと同じ意味の英単語なかったっけな」と考えます。もちろんこれで思いつくのならいいですが、多くの場合無理です。 そこで大事なのが、「これと同じ意味の日本語って何かな」という発想を常に持つことなのです。 2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=QDqpkIp39Ig60bAX","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"過去問採点後の直しのやり方 英語"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お疲れ様です‼️初めまして、私の回答が少しでもあなたの力になればと思いコメントさせてもらいます。\n\n完全に一文一文訳す必要はありません。頭の中で理解出来れば良いです。\n読む時全部日本語訳していませんよね？英語を英語のまま理解する練習をしましょう。\n\nただ問題になってる箇所は構文を取ってしっかり訳しポイントをつかみましよう。\n\n以下過去問のやり方、復習時の注意点です\n\nまず、過去問は1週間に、1年分を、3回解きます。\n\n⚠️過去問は本番の時間通りになるべくやりましょう。\n相当疲れるはずです。本番は連日入試がある人、会場まで遠い人などは体力がないと実力も出せず撃沈します。\nなので体力づくりの意味も込めて時間を十分にとってやりましょう。\n\n⚠️間違えた問題へのアプローチ\n答え合わせをした後すぐに赤本の解説をみてはいけません。なぜその答えになるのか根拠を自分なりに出しましょう。1問最大30分かけても結構です。それから解説をみて自分の考えと照らし合わせましょう。この「自己訂正」のワンクッションが誰にも負けない思考力を培います。\n☝️☝️☝️☝️☝️☝️あなたに特に重要\n\n1回目\n\n時間を測りましょう。できれば各大問ごとに。\nオーバーしても構いません。ある程度過去問に慣れるまではかなり時間かかりますので落胆せずに。\n\nどんな内容なのか把握しよう。\n問題構成はどうなのか、文章は長めか短めか、どのくらい通用しているのか、知識問題は多めかetc\n\n\n2回目\n\nテキトーにやらないこと。なんなら一番真剣に取り組んでください。\n答えを覚えていても結構です。しかし、根拠を自分で出しながら解答しましょう。\n時間に合わせましょう。本番のスピードを感じるためです。ミクロに解いていきます。\n\n\n3回目(時間がなかったら最悪なくてもいい)\n気楽にやる。\nポイントは広い目を持つこと。マクロで解きます。\nつまり、この大問は少し時間がかかるからこの大問から先に解く、など本番の戦略を立てていきます。それ以外にも問題の特徴を自分から探し当てていきます。\n↑３回目だけではないですが、大学の癖を解きながら感じましょう。\n\nこれを1週間でやります。\nそれで頑張ってください‼️"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文　要約"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英文要約、難しいですよね…\n\n私も昨年度、本当に要約ができなくて、質問者さんと同じように、ここで質問しました。そうしたら、要約はみんなできないのでそこまで気にしなくていいから、他の大問に時間を割いた方がいいかも、というような内容を言っていただきました。\n\n私は対策の仕方を教えてもらいたかったんだけど…と最初は思ったのですが、結局そうなんですよね。もちろんあの問題が得意な方もいると思いますが、ぶっちゃけ要約ではそこまで差がつかないです。むしろ大問2や3の方が、配点も高いと言われていますし、対策をしたらその分伸びやすいです。\n\n一応私が意識していたポイントをお伝えします。文・文構の要約問題で大切なのは、“自分の言葉で”という点です。文章中に出てきた単語を全く使ってはいけない、という意味ではないのですが、その文章の中で特別な使い方をされていたり、カンマで囲われていたりする単語などは、言い換えなくてはなりません。これが結構難しいので、日頃から文章の言いたいことを自分の言葉でまとめる練習を重ねるなどの対策が有効かと思います。\nイディオムを覚えておくと語数を短くおさめることが可能なので、おすすめです！\n\nただ、要約は時間をかけた分だけ伸びる、ということが少ない気がします。私自身、塾の先生に添削をお願いしていましたが、やっとマシになったかな"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"意訳のコツとは？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！東北大学文学部のkitaです！\nお答えさせて頂きます！\n\n自分も、最初のころ参考書の答えを見て、なぜこんなに意訳ができるの？、どこまで意訳をしていいの？、などと思った経験があります。それを踏まえて、お伝え出来たらいいなと思います。\n\nまず、個人の考えとしては、量をこなしても自然にできるようにはならないと思います。\n例えば、使役動詞の\n無生物S+V+O+C\nという、英文が出た時に、多くの高校生は\n「sがoをcさせる｣などと、訳します。\n例で言うと、事故が私を遅らせた、みたいな感じです。訳としてかなり不自然ですよね。\n\nでも、ある情報を知っている高校生は、このように訳します。\n「sによって、oがcする」\n例としては、\n事故によって、私は遅れた\n→事故のせいで、私は遅れた\n\n多くの人は、最初に頭の中で、事故が私を遅らせた、のような訳を作り、それを上手く日本語にしようとします。\nしかし、第5文型が「sによって、oがcする」という情報を知っている人は、一瞬で自然な日本語に訳せます。\n\nこれは、訳す時以外にも、長文を読むスピードが圧倒的に変わります。\n\nこのように、1回情報を知れば、次出てきたら簡単に自分の訳に生かせると思います。\n\n参考書のとしては、\n関先生の「大学入試世界一わかりやすい英文読解の特別講座」をおすすめします。僕自身、この参考書に出会って、英語が好きになりました。\n\nballoonさんの目標が達成されることをお祈りしています。頑張ってください！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"慶應文学部の英語について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"要は要約問題ですね。\n\nただ書いてあることを羅列するのは危険です。辞書持ち込みがこのことを示すように。内容をしっかり読み取れれば英語でかなり差がつきます。\n\n解法\n1.main ideaと各パラグラフの内容をとりあえずまとめる。\n2.字数オーバーするので、問いと直接関係ないとこは削る。\n3.無駄な言葉、同じことは省く。\n\nこれで、簡潔な内容に内容を示すことができます。さらに直接書かれていないことを含めると打ち抜けますが、慣れるまではやらなくて大丈夫です🙆‍♂️\n\n〉大事なこと！〈\n問題に対応させることです。基本的に問題が抽象を示すなら、解答で具体化させる。内容を示せなら必ずその内容のとこから引っ張る。余計なことは書かない。\n\n対策\n東大の過去問オススメですよ！\n僕はまとめる系の問題では東大結構使いました。\nあとは、読解力ですね。今年の問題は簡単でしたけど、年によって解釈しづらかったり内容がイマイチわからないときあります。日本語に訳す作業をしすぎないようにすることがポイントです。和訳の作業に気が向きがちですが、そうではありません。僕はオックスフォードの英英辞典を使って出来るだけ、英語本来の意味を考えるようにしました。\nなぜ、慶文が辞書を持ち込めるのか考えてみましょう。文学部が何をする学部なのか。\nおそらくは、単純な和訳作業では気づかない、英語の生の意味を気づいて欲しいからでしょう。言語の翻訳には必ず恣意的なものが含まれてしまいます。それでも、深く思慮し、正しい意味を読み取れるようにしましょう。\n\n頑張ってください。\n\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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mb-1","children":"慶應経済を受験したものです。\n赤本の解答はあくまでも模範解答ですので、それ通りにする必要もありません。\n基本的に注視すべき点は、\n・単語、熟語は間違っていないか？（スペル等）\n・構文、文法的に間違っていないか？（3単現や時制）\n・和文にある要素全てを組み込んでるか\nの3点です。\n上2つに関しては、ネイティブや英語の先生などに添削してもらって下さい。\n\nそして質問者さんが悩んでいるのは最後の項目のところでしょう。\n①、②に共通して言えることですが、日本語とバッチリフィットさせるという発想を捨ててみてください。\n例えば｢部活をやめる｣→「部活に参加しなくなる」というように単語選びが怖くなったらゴッソリ解釈を変えてしまって大丈夫です。自分も受験期にここまで内容を変えていいものなのかと戸惑いましたが、採点者が主に見てるのは単語・文法などのミスの有無ですから自信を持って変えちゃいましょう。\n\nおすすめの参考書は過去問が一番ですね。慶経の和文英訳は中々癖が強いので、市販の参考書では本番戦える力は身につけられないでしょう。とにかく添削してくれるパートナー的存在に依存しながら、何度も何度も書きまくってみてください。\nただ基礎的な和文英訳の力をつけるということでしたら、今までやってきた文法書の和訳を見て、自分で英訳してみるという学習法もあります。この勉強法は自分がやり込んだ参考書であれば特に効果が高いです。英作の力に加えて文法・構文の力もつきますから、そちらもぜひ取り組んでみてください。\n\n最後に度々言及したことではありますが、とにかくグラマーミスを注意してください。解釈が少し違うのと、グラマーミスとでは後者の方が圧倒的に失点に繋がりますから、難しめの文で攻めようとせず、無難に確実な文を書いていってください。\n\n長くなりましたが、応援しています！\n頑張って下さい！日吉で待ってます！！\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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