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17:I[7060,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-2c9c2b8245971fa7.js"],"AdUnderAdvice"] 18:I[3194,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-2c9c2b8245971fa7.js"],"CommentPostButton"] 19:I[6411,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-2c9c2b8245971fa7.js"],"CommentItemAvatar"] 1a:I[6549,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-2c9c2b8245971fa7.js"],"CommentItemName"] 1c:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-2c9c2b8245971fa7.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1b:Tbd0,しんさん、こんにちは。 英語の冠詞は、日本語には対応する語がないため、最初は感覚的に難しく感じられます。しかし、基本の考え方を押さえれば読解にも英作文にも応用できます。ポイントは「聞き手がその名詞を特定できるかどうか」です。 (1) まず a は「不特定の1つ」を表します。話し手・聞き手のどちらにもまだ知られていない名詞につけ、「ある〜」「1つの〜」というイメージです。たとえば “I saw a dog.” は「（どんな犬かは知らないが）犬を見た」という意味になります。初登場の名詞や、同類の中の1つを述べるときに使います。 一方、 the は「特定されたもの」を示します。聞き手がどの名詞かをすでに知っている場合に用い、「その〜」と訳されます。たとえば “I saw the dog.” と言えば、「（前に話した）あの犬を見た」となります。文章中では、すでに出てきた名詞を再び指すときや、世界に1つしかないもの（the sun, the earthなど）にも使われます。 無冠詞 は、「一般的なもの」または「抽象的・不可算的な概念」を指すときに使われます。たとえば “Dogs are friendly.” は「犬という種全体は親しみやすい」という一般論です。また “Love is important.” のように抽象名詞も通常は無冠詞で表します。 読解の際には、「aが出たら新情報」「theが出たら既知情報」「無冠詞なら一般論」と意識することが大切です。これにより、文の流れをつかみやすくなります。 英作文では、「その名詞が聞き手にとって特定できるか？」を基準に選びましょう。たとえば「私は本を買った」は “I bought a book.”（どんな本かはまだ不明）ですが、「その本は面白かった」は “The book was interesting.” となります。 (2) 具体名詞と抽象名詞の区別では、具体的な物（apple, carなど）は可算名詞であり、a/theを付ける可能性があります。一方、抽象名詞（happiness, informationなど）は不可算で、基本的に冠詞は付きません。ただし “the love of a mother” のように限定されるときには the が付くこともあります。 (3) 最後に「aが1個を表す場合」の見極めですが、単に数としての「1つ」であれば “one” を使います。aは「同類の中の1つ」という分類意識があり、特定数よりも性質に注目している点が違います。 冠詞は「共有されている情報の範囲」を示す記号です。英語を読むときも書くときも、「この名詞を相手は知っているか？」を常に意識すれば、自然な冠詞の使い分けができるようになります。 頑張ってください、応援しています！1d:Tbbb,こんにちは。 僕は高校生の頃『古典も漢文も日本語じゃねぇ！』と思っていました。 古文の和歌とか本当に何でそんな意味になるの？？？と思っていました。 ただ、古文はまだ平仮名あるから読めるけど漢文は漢字しかないし意味わからん…という気持ちはすごく分かります！ そんな僕が気づいたのは 『漢文って英語とちょっと似てるかも？』 ということです。 そうなんです。漢文と英語はちょっと似てるんです！ どこが似ているかを説明します。 ①語順 次に同じ意味の文章があります。 ・我見鳥。 ・I see a bird. 両方とも"鳥を見る"という意味です。 これを見ると英語も漢文も 主語＋述語＋目的語 となっています。 また否定文の時も ・我不見鳥 ・I don't see any birds. のように述語の前に否定が入る構造が同じです。 厳密には漢文と英語は別言語なため語順には色々な違いがありますが、 主語＋述語＋目的語というSVOの流れは同じです。 ちなみに日本語は 主語＋目的語＋述語のSOVの流れになります。 つまり英語っぽく訳していけばいいのです！ ②単語を覚える必要がある 英語を勉強する時に単語を覚えると思います。 逆に言えば単語を知らないと英語の文章は全く読むことができません。 それは漢文にも当てはまります。 違いは漢文の動詞は日本語と大体同じなので漢字を見ればどんな意味なのか推測できるくらいです。 しかし名詞や漢文独特の言葉は暗記しなければいけないです。 例えば 故人→旧友、古くからの親友 小人→身分の低い人 如何→どのようであるか のようなものは覚えなければいけません。 他にも色々ありますが英語が受験で5000〜7000語必要とするのに比べたら漢文は150語程度と圧倒的に少ないので参考書を見て出来る限り覚えましょう。 ③熟語・構文を覚える必要がある 英語を勉強する時に熟語・構文（イディオムといったりする）を覚えると思います。 例えば not only A but also B→AだけでなくBも… as soon asS＋V→SがVすると直ぐに のようなものです。 漢文における英語の熟語・構文にあたるものは ・再読文字 ・使役 ・反語 ・抑揚形 です。 これらは全て参考書に載っているのでしっかりと勉強してください。 そしてこれも英語で覚えなければいけない熟語よりも圧倒的に少ないです。 今から覚えれば受験までに余裕でマスターできると思います！ 長くなりましたがまとめます。 漢文を読む時に必要なのは ①語順 ②単語 ③熟語・構文 です。 これらを意識して頑張ってください！1e:T10b3,はじめまして！ 私立ですが、勉強の一環として和訳もやっていましたし、模範解答を作る仕事もしているのでので回答しますね。 ちなみにですが、これを読んでいる私立志望の方も和訳練習はやっておくと良いです。綺麗な和訳はより良い理解に繋がりますよ。 まず、和訳で点が取れない原因として1からあげると、 ・単語がわからない ・構文が取れていない ・意訳ができない が大まかな理由です。 単語や構文は、単語帳や、英文解釈の勉強で鍛えるしかないので省略します。 意訳ができない場合、大きな原因は名詞構文や強調構文など細かい構文を把握していないことがあげられます。和訳が硬い場合はほぼこれが原因かと思われます。 さて、いきなりですが問題です。次の例文の和訳をしてみてください。和訳は紙に書き出してください。 確か国公立大学の和訳の過去問です。 ex） Man's love of a quiet life and his resistance to anything that threatens his mental harmony account for his dislike of change. できましたか？ これは名詞構文の金字塔とも言えるほど名詞構文を説明する際に使われる英文です。 静かな生活の人間の愛と、、、なんてやっていては綺麗な和訳はできませんし理解もできません。 先程説明したようにここでは名詞構文がポイントになっています。 全体的な構文としては、Man's love〜harmonyまでがS 、account forがV、his dislike〜.がOとなります。（正確には accountは自動詞なのでfor以下はMになるはずですが、 account forで熟語として捉えた方がわかりやすいので） ☆ここで一つポイント 無生物主語の第三文型 →無生物S V O は受け身で訳すと綺麗になる場合があるというルールを適用。「SによってOはVされる」と訳す。 小さな構文をみていく時に、名詞構文の知識を使います。 所有格＋動詞の派生名詞＋前置詞＋名詞 はそれぞれ s' v' o' を読み込めます。（名詞構文を知らない場合は理解できないと思うので後で載せる参考書を参照してください） そうすると、 Man's love of a quiet life s' v' o' は「人間が静かな生活を愛すること」と訳せます。 his resistance to anything that〜は s' v' o' 「人間がが〜なことに抵抗すること」となり his dislike of changeは s' v' o' 「人間が変化を嫌うこと」 と綺麗に訳せますよね。これをofだから「〜の」としか考えていないと綺麗な和訳はできないんですね。 さらに大きな構文と☆から 「SによってOは説明される」（ account forは説明するという熟語）となります。 説明される→わかる くらいの意訳をしても👌です。 そうすると、 人間が静かな生活を愛することと、自分の心の調和を脅かすものはなんであれそれに抵抗することによって、人間が変化を嫌うことは説明される。 となり、これを綺麗にすると 人間が静かな生活を愛し、自分の心の調和を脅かすものはなんであれそれに抵抗することを見れば、人間が変化を嫌うことが分かるのである。 のように訳せます。 説明するのが難しかったので一題例を挙げて説明しましたが、名詞構文や強調構文などこのような知識が不足している場合は綺麗な和訳はできません。 このような知識を補うには、 関先生の英文読解の特別講座やプラチナルール長文などを使うと良いと思います。 和訳の演習問題には、 減点されない英文解釈がおすすめです！ さらに余力がある場合は最難関大への英文解釈にチャレンジしてみてください！ 何かあれば質問してください！ 頑張ってくださいね！ 1f:T1170,こんにちは！さっそく１番から個人的な意見を回答していきます。 １.自由英作文ではなく選択肢を与えられる整序英作文についての質問とお見受けしたため、その前提で書きます。形容詞が複数ある場合、それらがくっつくであろう名詞を探し、主に次の２ステップで考えます。 →①意味を考える 単語の意味が分かればより自然な方を選べると思いますが、いつも単語の意味が分かるとは限らないので、推測がしやすくなる方法についても簡単に説明すると、接頭辞について学ぶのが効率的です。例えば、否定を表すin-/im-、前を表すpre-、外を表すex-などがあります。これらはほんの一例ですが、様々な接頭辞について知れば単語の意味そのものは分からずともニュアンスが推測できることがあります。 →②コロケーションを考える コロケーションとは、自然な文脈で一緒に現れやすい単語の組み合わせのことです。例えば、heavy traffic(ひどい渋滞)、bright future(明るい未来)などがあります。逆に言うと、big traffic、light futureとは通常言えない、ということです。このセットを覚えておくと、この形容詞とこの名詞は繋がりそうだな、というパターンが見えてきます。覚え方としては、単語帳の例文までしっかり読む、問題演習を重ねることがお勧めです。 ２.ここからは自由英作文に関する質問として捉えて回答します。結論から言うと、大学入試レベルでそれらの使い分けで減点されることはないと考えて良いでしょう。もちろんニュアンス（前者は口語的で後者は文語的）の違いや、強調したい名詞が先に来るということはありますが、「これどっちも英文で見たことあるな〜」と思って悩む場合はどちらも正解になります。 ３.分詞ing+名詞では、一時的な状態、見たままの動作を表し、名詞of動名詞ingでは行為そのものや概念を表し、名詞+関係詞では文として説明している、というニュアンスになります。これだけでは分かりにくいので例をあげてみます。 例えば、a running man(走っている男)は言えますがa man of runningは不自然です。これは、「男はいつも走っている」「この男といえばrunningだ」のようなニュアンスが生まれるからです（もちろん、そのようなニュアンスが適切な文脈では使えます）。また、a man who is runningも言えます。 しかし別の例を考えてみると、running sound(走っている音)は説明的でやや不自然ですが言えて、sound of runningも言えることに気づきます。これは「走っている音」が「一般的に人が走っている時の音」であり、概念を意味しているからです。この場合も、sound that comes from runningは言えます。 どのように使い分けるべきかという質問に対しては、今の原則を踏まえた上で演習を重ね、添削をしてもらい、復習することを繰り返しましょう、という回答になります。添削は今時生成AIに素早くやってもらえます。 また、簡易的な解決策として、とりあえず名詞＋関係詞で書く、というのもアリです。この場合はニュアンスの部分を関係詞以降の動詞等で説明できるので、基本的にどんな場合でも使えます。もちろん、a running manに比べてa man who is runningでは余計に長くなっていて不自然ではありますが、間違いではないので大学入試においては減点されません。 ２つ目の質問への回答でも書いたように、大学入試の英作文では明らかな間違いしか点数が引かれません。なぜなら「ネイティブから見て間違ってはいないけど不自然」という理由で点数を引いていったらほとんどの受験生に点数が残らなくなってしまうからです。つまり英作文の攻略法としては「冒険せず、見たことある単語と文法だけで書く」のが正解になります。これを念頭に、勉強頑張ってください！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=Nlv-OmMBp00JfyF5pdb_","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"英語の質問"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",4,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"5/7 14:25"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"amiii","infoString":"中学 大阪府 お茶の水女子大学志望","adviceId":"Nlv-OmMBp00JfyF5pdb_"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"中学英語の質問です。\n「あれはあなたの机です」という時、\nThat is a your desk. ではなく、That is your desk.\n「これは私のノートではありません」という時、\nThis is a not my note book.ではなく、This is not my note book.\n「これは鳥ですか」という時、\nIs this bird? ではなく、Is this a bird?\n\nなどになるのでしょうか？a,anについて教えていただきたいです😢🙏🏻"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_aLa2MGnkqJ8dam6N.jpg?alt=media&token=b5e67111-0a3a-402d-8638-a7436b1b45c7","adviserName":"だいくん","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学法学部","adviceId":"Nlv-OmMBp00JfyF5pdb_"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"a.anは不定冠詞と言います。まずこの名前を覚えてしまいましょう。\n字面を見て確認してください。「不定=定まっていない」ものに付くということです。\n\n定まっていないとはどういうことか。つまり、名詞が具体性に欠けるということです。\nmy bookといえば、この世に数あるbookのなかで、私のものであるという特定がなされていますが、単にbookでは無限に近いですよね。無限に近いということは具体性に欠ける→定まっていない→不定となります。\n\n例を挙げますので、確認しましょう。\nThis is a pen:これはペンです←ペンはこの世に無数にあります=不定\nThis is my 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tokyo\"東京に近づく\"なんて簡単に書いてしまいそうです（厳密には自動詞としても使えなくはなさそうなんですが、不適切なことに変わりはありません）。となると、自動詞他動詞の概念はやはり覚えるべきだという結論に達します。適切な言い方かは分かりませんが\n\n　　自動詞＝主語だけで完結する動作を表す\n　　他動詞＝主語が、第三者に影響を及ぼす動作を表す\n　　他動詞＝自動詞＋前置詞　　\n\nというのが私の持っている基本的な考えです。例はご自身で探してみて下さい。見分け方は簡単で、動詞の後ろに副詞以外の語があるかどうかです。といって理解できるかわかりませんが\n、、。\n　いづれにせよ自動詞他動詞の区別を誤りやすい語については単語帳やヴィンテージなどの文法書などにまとめてあることが多いので、ここは私は暗記しました。質問者様はまだ受験まで時間がありますので、今から地道に覚えていけばいづれ思い悩む事もなくなります。しばらくの辛抱です。また、副詞節、名詞節、形容詞的用法、、といった文法用語も一年生のうちに覚えてしまうと、文法書の説明について行きやすくなります。文法用語を覚えることが大事なのではありませんが、知っている方が結局勉強しやすいと私は思っています。是非頑張って下さい。健闘を祈ります。\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"分からない単語の類推とは何か！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"慶應の経済学部の者です。\n英語は受験生時代かなり頑張ったので、回答させていただきます。\n名詞を類推するのか、動詞を類推するのか、類推しうるものはたくさんありますが、正直名詞は知らなきゃ終わりな一面もあるので、広く応用でき、文の理解や、他の単語の類推にも役立つ動詞の類推について話したいと思います。\n\n例えば give 物 to 人 という文型はご存知ですよね？\nこのように 動詞(以後Vと書きます) A to B というような文型を取る動詞はいくつ思いつきますか？\nノートに書き出してみてください。\nそれでは問題です。\n次の文を訳してみてください。\n\nNo special treatment was accorded to both countries. \n\nどうですか？訳せますか？\nまず受動態だと文が訳しにくそうなので、能動態に直してみたいと思います。\n\n主語は何か特定できないためここでは便宜上Sとすると\n\nS accoded no special treatment to both countries.\n\nとなりますね。\n何か見えてきませんか？\nそうです、文型がgive A to Bの形をしているのです。\nつまり、ここでのaccordの意味はgiveに近いものなのでは？と推測出来ます。\n(実際accordには与えるという意味があります。)\nこのように、英語では同じ文型を取る動詞が同じような意味を取ることが往々にあります。\n\nだから類推力を高めるには、自分の力で似た形を取る動詞をグルーピングしてまとめるのです。\n\nすると、知らない単語や、見たことはあるけど意味が取れない単語の推測がうまくいく機会が増えていくと思います。\n\n問題は質問者様が高校三年生であること。あまり英語ばかりに構ってる時間はありません。\n\nだから夏休みが終わるまでは一週間に2〜3時間ほど時間をとって動詞のグルーピングに励み、秋以降はそれを復習するというスタンスで勉強するというのはいかがでしょうか？\n難関校になればなるほど、この類推力を試してくる傾向にあります。\n\nこんな方法じゃ大変そうで無理だと思うなら、諦めて単語帳を詰め込んで覚えましょう。単語を覚えていれば類推する必要なんて無いのですから。\n\n長々と書いてしまいましたが、僕から示せる指針はこんな感じです。\n是非頑張って慶應に合格してきてください！\n応援しています！\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 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